AIDS病毒与CD^＋4靶细胞检测方法的研究

本文对ＡＩＤＳ病毒原及其靶细胞检测方法的研究进展了较系统的评述。深入分析了ｇｐ１２０，ＣＤ４受体分子与小肽的相互作用。并给出了抗ＡＩＤＳ病毒药物分析 方法的最新研究方向。     

La7O6(BO3)(PO4)2:Eu3+/Tb3+荧光材料的制备及其光致发光性能

采用优化的高温固相方法制备了稀土离子Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺掺杂的La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂系荧光材料,并对其物相行为、晶体结构、光致发光性能和热稳定性进行了详细研究。结果表明,La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂：Eu³⁺材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出红光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于616 nm处,为⁵D₀→⁷F₂特征能级跃迁,Eu³⁺的最优掺杂浓度为0.08,对应的CIE坐标为（0.610 2,0.382 3）;La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂：Tb³⁺材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出绿光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于544 nm处,对应Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₅能级跃迁,Tb³⁺离子的最优掺杂浓度为0.15,对应的CIE坐标为（0.317 7,0.535 2）。此外,对2种材料的变温光谱分析发现Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺掺杂的La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂荧光材料均具有良好的热稳定性。     

Ti4+掺杂制备花状SnO2/Sn3O4异质结微米球及其光催化性能

通过水热法制备了由层状纳米片堆叠而成的花球状Sn_3O_4及x%Ti-Sn O_2/Sn_3O_4(x%为Ti与Sn的物质的量之比)。采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、红外光谱和光电流响应等物理化学方法对合成的样品进行表征分析。结果表明,由于Ti~(4+)电负性及离子半径与Sn~(4+)相似,可以很好地进入Sn_3O_4晶格中替代Sn~(4+)形成替代掺杂,但不引起大的晶格畸变。同时,掺入Ti~(4+)后使得一部分Sn~(4+)直接与O结合生成纳米球状Sn O_2颗粒分散覆盖在Sn_3O_4表面,形成Sn O_2/Sn_3O_4异质结。光催化活性表明,x%Ti-Sn O_2/Sn_3O_4不仅具有较强的还原Cr~(6+)能力,而且拥有氧化降解有机污染物甲基橙和酸性橙Ⅱ的能力。催化活性的增强归因于x%Ti-Sn O_2/Sn_3O_4具有比较大的比表面积和更强的光吸收,同时Sn O_2/Sn_3O_4异质结的生成有效地提升了光生电子与空穴的分离效率。     

复合催化剂上CO2加氢合成C2烃类

介绍了由CO₂+H₂合成C2⁺烃的几种复合催化剂体系的研究进展，比较和评价了复合催化剂体系的活性和选择性及对C2⁺烃类生成的影响。着重于复合催化剂体系对C4⁺烃的生成及产物分布的影响并简述反应机理。     

SO42-改性后的TiO2(锐钛和/或金红石)表面上MoO3的分散性质研究

采用红外(IR)、拉曼(Raman)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等方法考察了经硫酸根改性后的金红石(SR)与锐钛矿(SA)的混合比例变化时的负载型催化剂，MoO₃ / TiO₂(SR+SA)，的一些物理化学性质(如活性组分MoO₃的分散行为、表面酸碱性、氧化还原性)的变化规律。结果表明：对于MoO₃ / TiO₂(SR+SA)样品，低含量MoO₃表面分散时倾向于优先与混合载体中的改性金红石(SR)发生作用；TiO₂载体表面SO₄^2-的存在，使得载体表面产生了新的酸性位，导致样品中表面分散的钼物种主要以聚合八面体状态存在。     

纳米复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZnFe2O4的制备与催化合成癸二酸二乙酯的研究

以硫酸盐为原料,添加NaOH和NaHCO₃以制备出碱式碳酸盐前驱体,合成出新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂SO₄^2-/ZnFe₂O₄,经XRD、BET、IR等检测,粒径为35nm,比表面积很大(137m^2-1),粒度均匀。首次以该固体酸为催化剂,癸二酸和无水乙醇为原料合成癸二酸二乙酯,考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,醇酸摩尔比为4.0∶1,催化剂用量为1.0g(癸二酸0.1mol),带水剂苯15mL,反应时间2.5h是最佳反应条件,酯化率可达91%,并推断出该催化剂的酸强度-16.02< H_o< -14.52.     

可见光响应的Co3(PO4)2/Ag3PO4纳米复合光催化剂的制备及表征

采用简单的化学偏聚法合成出Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒、磷酸钴（Co₃（PO₄）₂,CoP）纳米片以及它们两者的纳米复合结构（CoP/Ag₃PO₄）,同时还比较了它们的可见光催化活性. 采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱以及光致发光谱等手段对其形貌、结构、光学以及可见光催化性能等进行表征. 结果表明,CoP/Ag₃PO₄复合纳米结构的可见光降解甲基橙（MO）的速率和循环稳定性均明显优于其它两种物质. 这表明CoP应该起着共催化剂的作用,它能够抑制光生电子与空穴之间的复合,并且提供大量高活性的光生空穴. 此外,我们还发现CoP/Ag₃PO₄降解另一种阳离子型染料——罗丹明B（RhB）的能力则远不如纯Ag₃PO₄,这可能是与光催化剂的表面性质发生改变有关,造成更低的RhB吸附能力. 本文提供了一种廉价制备高效可见光催化剂的新方法.     

La3+掺杂CaFe2O4材料的制备及室温检测超低浓度甲醛

采用静电纺丝法成功制备了La³⁺掺杂CaFe₂O₄材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对La³⁺掺杂CaFe₂O₄材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。随后,研究了La³⁺的掺杂量（质量分数）对CaFe₂O₄气敏性能的影响。研究表明,3% La³⁺掺杂CaFe₂O₄材料在室温下对100 μL·L^-1甲醛的响应最高（R_a/R_g=14.1）。更为重要的是,对甲醛的最低检测限低至0.1 nL·L^-1,并且响应/恢复时间仅为4.3 s/8.4 s。     

Ag3PO4/Ag2S/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备与性能

通过沉积法和离子交换法成功地制备了Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2S/g-C_3N_4复合型光催化剂。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。通过降解罗丹明B考察其可见光催化活性及稳定性,研究了硫化钠与磷酸银物质的量的比值(n_(Na_2S)/n_(Ag_3PO_4))、g-C_3N_4添加量对所制备复合光催化材料性能的影响,同时对光催化机理进行了探讨。结果表明,随着n_(Na2S)/n_(Ag3PO4)的增加,所得复合催化材料活性先增加后降低;当n_(Na2S)/n_(Ag_3PO_4)为1.5%、g-C_3N_4与Ag_3PO_4的质量比为3∶7时制备的催化剂ASC1.5的光催化活性最好,在可见光照射下,40 min内可将罗丹明B完全降解,且5次循环使用后仍保持较高的催化活性。和Ag_3PO_4相比,Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2S/g-C_3N_4复合型光催化材料的活性与稳定性都得到明显提高,这主要归因于复合催化剂比表面积和孔结构的增加,载流子分离效率的提高。光催化机理研究表明,空穴(h~+)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O~(2-))和羟基自由基(·OH)都是光催化过程中的主要活性物种。三者作用大小依次为:h~+·O~(2-)·OH。     

快离子导体Li3V2(PO4)3包覆LiFePO4的结构和性能

通过机械活化将快离子导体Li3 V2(PO4)3包覆在LiFePO4 表面, 制备了性能优异的复合正极材料9LiFePO4@Li3 V2(PO4)3. 用XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS和电化学测试等手段研究了材料的物理化学性能. 结果表明, 包覆后的材料含有橄榄石结构的LiFePO4、单斜晶系的Li3 V2(PO4)3 和正交晶系的Li3 PO4; LiFePO4颗粒表面包覆了一层Li3 V2(PO4)3, 且部分V3+进入LiFePO4晶格内部, 使其晶格参数减小, 包覆后的LiFePO4的交换电流密度和锂离子扩散系数均提高了1个数量级. 电化学测试结果表明, 包覆后的LiFePO4的倍率性能及循环性能都得到显著改善, 在1C和2C倍率下, 包覆后的LiFePO4的首次放电比容量较包覆前分别提高了34.09%和78.97%, 经150次循环后容量保持率分别提高了27.77%和65.54%; 并且5C时容量为121.379 mA·h/g(包覆前LiFePO4在5C下几乎没有容量), 循环350次后的容量保持率高达94.03%.     

幻数团簇离子Mn+5

Magic number cluster ion Mn5+ and abundant Mn/O cluster ions havc been formed by 532nm laser ablation of MnCO3 solid sample with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy detection. The experimental results show that Mn5+ was formed in the cooler dilute tail region of the plume produced by laser ablation, while Mn/O cluster ions were mainly formed in the hotter dense preceding portion of the plume, they all were produced by postablation cluster growth in the ablation plume. Pentagonal with D(5h) symmetry is the possible structure of Mn5+, which is supported by our ab initio calculation.     

Solubility of (UO2)3(PO4)2?4H2O in H+-Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O and Its Comparison to the Analogous PuO2 +2 System

The objectives of this study were to address uncertainties in the solubility product of (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and in the phosphate complexes of U(VI), and more importantly to develop needed thermodynamic data for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system in order to ascertain the extent to which U(VI) and Pu(VI) behave in an analogous fashion. Thus studies were conducted on (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubilities for long-equilibration periods (up to 870 days) in a wide range of pH values (2.5 to 10.5) at fixed phosphate concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M, and in a range of phosphate concentrations (0.0001–1.0 M) at fixed pH values of about 3.5. A combination of techniques (XRD, DTA/TG, XAS, and thermodynamic analyses) was used to characterize the reaction products. The U(VI)-phosphate data for the most part agree closely with thermodynamic data presented in Guillaumont et al.,⁽¹⁾ although we cannot verify the existence of several U(VI) hydrolyses and phosphate species and we find the reported value for formation constant of UO₂PO⁻₄ is in error by more than two orders of magnitude. A comprehensive thermodynamic model for (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubility in the H⁺-Na⁺-OH⁻-Cl⁻-H₂PO⁻₄-HPO²⁻₄-PO³⁻₄-H₂O system, previously unavailable, is presented and the data shows that the U(VI)-phosphate system is an excellent analog for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system.     

氨基酸-BrO-3-Mn2+-H2SO4-丙酮体系的振荡反应

This paper, Using potentiometric method, first reports the oscillating behavior of five amino acids (L-methionine, L-cystine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine) in a new oscillating system of amino acid-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-H_2SO_4-acetone. The effect of many factors on oscillation have been investigated. According to Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energy of the oscillatary induction period and oscillation period of five oscillating systems are obtained within temperature range of 20～37 ℃.     

复合固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4-WO3-ZrO2的结构研究

Solid superacid catalyst SO4(2-)-WO3-ZrO2 was characterized by means of XRD,DTA-TG, and surface area measurement techniques. The dependence of the surface area, SO42- content of the catalyst on calcination temperature was measured. It was found that there is a synergy to a certain degree between SO42- and WO3 with respect to the delay of ZrO2 crystallization, the stabilization of the tetragonal ZrO2 and the enlargement of the surface area of the catalyst. The addition of WO3 is beneficial to the stabilization of SO42- and remarkably increases the stability of SO42- at high temperature.     

Syntheses, crystal structures and Raman spectra of Ba(BF4)(PF6), Ba(BF4)(AsF6) and Ba2(BF4)2(AsF6)(H3F4); the first examples of metal salts containing simultaneously tetrahedral BF4 and octahedral AF6 anions

In the system BaF₂/BF₃/PF₅/anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) a compound Ba(BF₄)(PF₆) was isolated and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction on the single crystal. Ba(BF₄)(PF₆) crystallizes in a hexagonal space group with a=10.2251(4) Å, c=6.1535(4) Å, V=557.17(5) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=3. Both crystallographically independent Ba atoms possess coordination polyhedra in the shape of tri-capped trigonal prisms, which include F atoms from BF₄⁻ and PF₆⁻ anions. In the analogous system with AsF₅ instead of PF₅ the compound Ba(BF₄)(AsF₆) was isolated and characterized. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic Pnma space group with a=10.415(2) Å, b=6.325(3) Å, c=11.8297(17) Å, V=779.3(4) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=4. The coordination around Ba atom is in the shape of slightly distorted tri-capped trigonal prism which includes five F atoms from AsF₆⁻ and four F atoms from BF₄⁻ anions. When the system BaF₂/BF₃/AsF₅/aHF is made basic with an extra addition of BaF₂, the compound Ba₂(BF₄)₂(AsF₆)(H₃F₄) was obtained. It crystallizes in a hexagonal P6₃/mmc space group with a=6.8709(9) Å, c=17.327(8) Å, V=708.4(4) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=2. The barium environment in the shape of tetra-capped distorted trigonal prism involves 10 F atoms from four BF₄⁻, three AsF₆⁻ and three H₃F₄⁻ anions. All F atoms, except the central atom in H₃F₄ moiety, act as μ₂-bridges yielding a complex 3-D structural network.     

Chromium(III) Hydroxide Solubility in The Aqueous Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O System: A Thermodynamic Model

Chromium(III)-phosphate reactions are expected to be important in managing high-level radioactive wastes stored in tanks at many DOE sites. Extensive studies on the solubility of amorphous Cr(III) solids in a wide range of pH (2.8–14) and phosphate concentrations (10^–4 to 1.0 m) at room temperature (22±2)°C were carried out to obtain reliable thermodynamic data for important Cr(III)-phosphate reactions. A combination of techniques (XRD, XANES, EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, total chemical composition, and thermodynamic analyses of solubility data) was used to characterize solid and aqueous species. Contrary to the data recently reported in the literature,⁽¹⁾ only a limited number of aqueous species [Cr(OH)₃H₂PO^–₄, Cr(OH)₃(H₂PO₄)^2–₂), and Cr(OH)₃HPO^2–₄] with up to about four orders of magnitude lower values for the formation constants of these species are required to explain Cr(III)-phosphate reactions in a wide range of pH and phosphate concentrations. The log K^o values of reactions involving these species [Cr(OH)₃(aq)+H₂PO^–₄&#x21CC;Cr(OH)₃H₂PO^–₄; Cr(OH)₃(aq)+2H₂PO^–₄&#x21CC;Cr(OH)₃(H₂PO₄)^2–₂; Cr(OH)₃(aq)+HPO^2–₄&#x21CC;Cr(OH)₃HPO^2–₄] were found to be 2.78±0.3, 3.48±0.3, and 1.97±0.3, respectively.     

白色荧光粉NaGd（MoO4）2:Dy3+,Eu3+的水热合成及发光性能

采用谷氨酸辅助水热法合成了八面体形NaGd(MoO4)2:Dy3+,Eu3+白色荧光粉.X射线衍射结果表明,合成的样品为四方晶系的NaGd(MoO4)2纯相.扫描电子显微镜照片显示所制备的粒子为八面体形,各边长约为2μm.荧光光谱结果表明,在NaGd(MoO4)2:4%Dy3+,yEu3+(y=0,0.5%,0.6%,0.7%,0.8%,0.9%,1.0%)样品中,随着Eu3+掺入量的增加,Dy3+的发射峰逐渐减弱,而Eu3+的发射峰逐渐增强,说明Dy3+-Eu3+之间存在能量传递.通过色坐标图可知,当Eu3+掺杂量y=0.9%时,荧光粉的色坐标(0.338,0.281)与标准的白光色坐标(0.33,0.33)接近,表明NaGd(MoO4)2:4%Dy3+,0.9%Eu3+是很好的近紫外光激发下的白色荧光粉.