Application of Optically Detected EPR to Study the Stability of Sterically Hindered Amine Radical Cations to Proton Transfer Reaction

Optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance technique has been applied to study the stability of sterically hindered amine radical cations with respect to the ion–molecule proton transfer reaction in liquid squalane solutions. The reaction has proved very sensitive to the steric effect of bulky tertiary substituents at the nitrogen atom. It has been established that steric hindrance is able to efficiently block the N–H proton transfer reaction, while the H-bonding may stabilize the distonic intermediate complex of aminyl radical and cation of ammonium type.     

Dynamics of Optically Driven Exciton and Quantum Decoherence

By using the normal ordering method, we study the state evolution of an optically driven excitons in aquantum well immersed in a leaky cavity, which was introduced by Yu-Xi Liu et al. [Phys. Rev. A63 (2001) 033816]. Theinfluence of the externallaser field on the quantum decoherence of a mesoscopically superposed state of the excitons isinvestigated. Our result shows that, the classical field can compensate the energy dissipation of the excitons. Althoughthe decoherence rate of the excitonic Schrodinger cat state does not depend on the external field, the phase of thedecoherence factor can be well controlled by adjusting the amplitude of the external field as well as the detuning betweenthe field and the transition frequency of the atom.     

NMR and EPR Study of the Nitroxide Radical Tempo Interaction with Phenols

The 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-I-piperidinyloxy free radical (TEMPO) was used as a probe to study the changes in hydrogen bonding between the phenolic OH group and the ON group of the radical by means of NMR and EPR. ¹³C NMR contact shifts induced by TEMPO were measured for five phenols. Formation of intermolecular hydrogen bond between a phenol and TEMPO molecule causes noticeable increase of ¹⁴N hyperfme coupling constant in the radical and appearance of negative spin density on carbon nuclei of C-OH fragment in the phenol.     

Understanding the Zero-Field Splitting of Mononuclear Manganese(II) Complexes from Combined EPR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry

This micro-review is devoted to the studies of the electronic structure, especially the zero-field splitting, of mononuclear Mn(II) complexes by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantum chemistry.     

EPR and DFT Study of the Polycyclic Aromatic Radical Cations from Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reactions

利用电子顺磁共振和电子核双共振技术在间二甲苯与氯代烷烃和对二甲苯与氯代烷烃进行付-克烷基化反应体系中分别检测到二个多核芳烃正离子自由基信号．研究结果表明,所观察到顺磁共振信号分别来自于2,6-二甲基蒽正离子和1,4,5,8-四甲基蒽自由基的贡献．提出了这二个自由基的生成是在付-克烷基化反应中生成的氯代芳基在AlCl3存在下发生Scholl缩合反应生成多核芳烃,后者发生单电子氧化转变为相应的多核芳烃正离子自由基。利用密度泛函理论计算了这两个自由基的超精细偶合常数,与实验值符合相当满意,从理论上支持了对实验超精细谱线的归属．     

Study of Nonclassical Features and Quantum Dynamics in the Jaynes-Cummings Model

Some nonclassical features, including photon antibunching, atomic squeezing and quantum collapse-revival phenomenon, were numerically studied in thp vacuum field Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM). The influence of the initial atomic coherence on these features was discussed. It is shown that the squeezing can appear only if the atom is initiaJly prepared in the coherent state, and photon antibunching cHn occur if the atom is initially in the excited state or the coherent one. The effect of the virtual-photon field was studied in JCM without the rotating-wave approximation (ftWA). We have shown that even undh the condition in which RWA is considered to be valid, there are significant effects on the nonc1assical features due to the interference between the virtual-photon processes and the real-photon processes. Quantum dynamics of JCM without RWA was aJso studied. We showed that regular dynamical behavior is exhibited in the cases rather close to the integrable limits, and irregular dynamical behavior is presented in the cases far from the integrable limits; in addition, all the nondassical features disappear in the cases far from the integrable limits.     

量子系统的动力学对称性研究与代数动力学

文章介绍了量子系统的动力学对称性理论和代数动力学在人造了系统和量子光学系统中的应用。     

Elliptic Flowers: New Types of Dynamics to Study Classical and Quantum Chaos

We construct examples of billiards where two chaotic flows are moving in opposite directions around a non-chaotic core or vice versa; the dynamics in the core are chaotic but flows that are moving in opposite directions around it are non-chaotic. These examples belong to a new class of dynamical systems called elliptic flowers billiards. Such systems demonstrate a variety of new behaviors which have never been observed or predicted to exist. Elliptic flowers billiards, where a chaotic (non-chaotic) core coexists with the same (chaotic/non-chaotic) type of dynamics in flows were recently constructed. Therefore, all four possible types of coexisting dynamics in the core and tracks are detected. However, it is just the beginning of studies of elliptic flowers billiards, which have already extended the imagination of what may happen in phase spaces of nonlinear systems. We outline some further directions of investigation of elliptic flowers billiards, which may bring new insights into our understanding of classical and quantum dynamics in nonlinear systems.     

2-氨基-5巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑异构化反应机理的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论 (DFT)中的B3LYP方法 ,采取 6 3 1+G 基组对 2 氨基 5巯基 1,3 ,4 噻二唑 (简称AMT)的异构化反应机理进行了量子化学研究 ,全参数优化了异构化过程中反应物、产物的几何构型 ,找出了异构化途径中的过渡态 ,并通过振动分析加以确认 ,同时进行零点能校正 .研究结果表明 ,异构化过程存在六种不同的异构化通道 ,有六个过渡态 ,相对而言 ,A→C之间的异构化反应最易发生 ,C是最稳定的异构化产物     

二苯二硫和二苄二硫润滑性能的量子化学研究

用Gaussian03W程序在B3LYP/631G和HF/631G水平上对二苯二硫(DPDS)和二苄二硫(DBDS)的分子几何构型、电子结构、分子轨道指数及与铁原子簇的相互作用等进行了理论计算.用前线分子轨道理论分析了反应的活性原子和活性键,讨论了DPDS和DBDS与铁原子的作用方式,用前线电子密度,超离域性指数,原子净电荷及化合物与铁原子簇的化学吸附作用能等参数作为判据分析了DPDS和DBDS与铁原子间键合的强弱,反应性的大小.计算结果表明DPDS和DBDS与铁接触时,趋向于S-S键与C-S键断裂,在较为缓和的摩擦条件下,DPDS的抗磨作用优于DBDS,在较为苛刻的摩擦条件下,DBDS的极压作用优于DPDS,与摩擦学试验结果一致.     

N4H4分子取代基效应的量子化学研究

本文计算了甲基(-CH3),羟基（-OH）对1-丁氮烯和2-丁氮烯的取代基效应。当1-丁氮烯引入取代基后,N=N双键的键长变短,而N-N单键的键长增长。异构体2-丁氮烯的键长变化较小。当引入甲基或羟基后,N原子的孤对电子会与相应的N-C(N-O)键之间发生相互作用,使整个分子的超共轭作用增强。随着取代基数目的增多,总能量和生成热就会降低,取代基数目与分子能量（生成热）之间具有很好的相关性。     

N4H4分子取代基效应的量子化学研究

本文计算了甲基（-CH₃）,羟基（-OH）对1-丁氮烯和2-丁氮烯的取代基效应.1-丁氮烯引入取代基后.N=N双键的键长变短,而N-N单键的键长增长.异构体2-丁氮烯的键长变化较小.引入甲基或羟基后,N原子的孤对电子会与相应的N-C（N-O）键之间发生相互作用,使整个分子的超共轭作用增强.随着取代基数目的增多,总能量和生成热就会降低,取代基数目与分子能量（生成热）之间具有很好的相关性.     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体的量子化学研究

采用量子化学的从头算(abinitio)和密度泛函(DFT)方法,在6311++G计算水平上研究了离子液体1乙基3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐在气相模型下的离子对结构.经振动分析得到了离子对的红外谱,并利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析了阴阳离子与离子对的电荷布居差异.计算结果表明,离子对中存在氢键等弱相互作用.运用Counterpoise方法消除基组重叠误差,得到阴阳离子间的相互作用能为346.78kJ/mol.     

烯烃同系物紫外光谱的量子化学研究

应用量子力学CNDO／S方法对烯烃同系物紫外光谱进行研究，算出了各分子轨道的能量及相应紫外光谱吸收峰的理论位置。发现随着n的增大，其能量差、紫外光谱最大吸收峰及红移均呈规律性变化，原因均为π轨道跃迁。     

四种黄酮类化合物荧光光谱的量子化学研究

采用量子化学半经验方法RHF/PM3对四种黄酮类化合物的荧光光谱进行了理论研究。首先,采用能量梯度法对各化合物的构型进行了优化。所得结果表明,在4个化合物中,左侧两个六元环均在同一个平面内,而右侧苯环平面与该平面有大小不等的扭转角。对4个优化构型进行振动分析,均未出现虚频率,说明所得构型基本合理。在此基础上,采用单激发组态相互作用方法(CIS)计算荧光光谱,所有计算结果与实验值基本吻合。     

三种农药荧光光谱的量子化学研究

对异丙威、速灭威和抗蚜威三种常用的氨基甲酸酯类农药的荧光光谱进行了理论研究。采用密度泛函(DFT)方法,在 B3LYP/6-31G 水平下,对化合物的几何构型进行了全参数优化。经振动分析,均未出现虚频率,说明优化所得到的构型是势能面上的稳定点。在此基础上,采用组态相互作用(CI)方法在溶剂化效应PCM模型下计算了荧光光谱,所得结果与实验值基本吻合。计算结果表明：三种农药分子具有较强的共面性,为超共轭体系。随着供电子基团的加入,荧光光谱的波长增长,谱线发生红移。此外,取代烷基的加入对分子的荧光光谱影响较小,而胺基的加入对分子荧光光谱影响较大。     

三种常见农药荧光光谱的量子化学研究

扑海因、啶虫脒和西维因是几种较为常用的农药分子。文章对此三种化合物分子的荧光光谱进行了理论研究。在B3LYP/6-31G水平下优化了这三种化合物的几何构型。在振动分析中,均未出现虚频率。基于此,在B3LYP/6-31+G的水平下计算了该类化合物的荧光光谱,所有计算结果与实验值基本吻合。此外,作者还发现扑海因分子中形成了分子内氢键,但是不太稳定,其键长为0.234 8 nm左右。     

六种香豆素类染料荧光光谱的量子化学研究

采用量子化学半经验方法AM1对6种香豆素类染料的荧光光谱进行了理论研究。对各化合物优化后的构型作了振动分析,均未出现虚频率。在此基础上,采用单激发组态相互作用方法(CIS)计算荧光光谱,所有计算结果与实验值基本吻合。     

苯与铂化学吸附作用及其溶剂效应的量子化学研究

采用Gaussian98程序密度泛函方法全优化计算了考虑水溶剂效应下苯与铂化学吸附作用的位能曲线,得到的位能曲线呈单调下降,苯与铂的吸附是自发过程.计算得到无水和有水溶剂作用时的吸附作用能分别为-149.6535和-202.1635kJ/mol;有水溶剂作用时吸附作用能被降低,展示出明显的水溶剂效应.计算还发现,铂可在苯环上发生吸附转移,在无水和有水溶剂效应下,铂转移的活化能分别为61.2537和70.8356kJ/mol.     

FLiNaK-ZrF_4体系的Raman光谱及量子化学计算研究

本文采用量子化学从头计算方法对FLiNaK-ZrF_4体系中锆的不同配位结构及不同阳离子的影响进行了模拟计算,锆的配位数与其特征峰的峰位呈线性关系。对不同配比的FLiNaK-ZrF_4体系样品进行拉曼光谱实验,结果表明,随着ZrF_4含量的增加,体系中自由F-浓度减小,导致锆的配位数降低并出现桥氟结构。高温熔融状态下,FLiNaK-0.37ZrF_4样品中六配位结构分解形成五配位和七配位结构。