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土壤中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱测定研究及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文用高效液相色谱方法分离测定土壤中的多环芳烃,通过改变不同的流动相组成使15种多环芳烃完全分离,并分别得到15种物质的最低检出限和线性范围,被试验的4种多环度烃的回收率为96%-112%,本文最后对深圳河的实际土壤样品进行了测度定,一些多环节芳烃被检出。 相似文献
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固相萃取搅拌棒萃取-气相色谱分析海水中的多环芳烃 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
利用固相萃取搅拌棒(SBSE)萃取海水中的多环芳烃,然后用热解吸脱附-气相色谱分析。研究了萃取时间、添加NaCl浓度对萃取效率的影响。实验结果表明,SBSE方法对16种多环芳烃的萃取回收率分别在33.5%~122.4%之间;对标准样品的检出限为2.74-13.5ng/L;方法RSD为3.8%~13.1%。用此方法测定了大连海岸海水中的多环芳烃含量。 相似文献
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不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的PM10中多环芳烃的研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
对大气可吸入颗粒物采样器进行改装,建立了垃圾焚烧炉烟气中PM10采样系统,并采集了三家垃圾发电厂焚烧炉排放烟气中的可吸入颗粒物。利用GC-MS对可吸入颗粒物中的16种多环芳烃进行定量研究,获得了多环芳烃的质量分数和浓度,并对不同环数的芳烃进行了比较,分析了不同样品中的多环芳烃的毒性参数。结果表明,颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要集中在4环、5环和6环,3环和2环所占比例较少;与燃煤电厂相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂排放的烟气中多环芳烃的浓度和毒性参数更高。 相似文献
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超临界流体分级萃取正构烷烃和多环芳烃 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本工作用超临界CO2对环境模拟样品中的正构烷烃和多环芳烃的超临界分级萃取方法及超临界CO2的压力,温度和用量对分级效率的影响进行了详细的研究。结果表明,在低压、低温下(80MPa,50℃)能成功地分级萃取正构烷烃和多环芳烃,其C10~C18的萃取率为99.94%~59.28%,而多环芳烃基本未被萃取。当压力升至26.0MPa、温度升至80℃时,可有效地萃取多环芳烃,实现了正构烷烃和多环芳烃的有效分离 相似文献
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河南贫煤不同温度燃烧烟气中环烃类产物的分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用色谱/质谱/红外联用系统研究了河南贫煤在不同温度下燃烧释放的烟气二氯甲烷富集液中的脂环烃,苯系物,多环芳烃及杂多环芳烃等环烃类物的组成和差异,尤其是对多环芳烃的种类,含量及分布特征进行了较详细的探讨。并与原煤常温二氯甲烷浸取中各化合物组成进行了对照。 相似文献
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研究盐类对多环芳烃溶解度的影响,不仅涉及盐效应各种理论的研究,而且在化工分离、环境治理上也有重要的实际意义。本文研究了25℃下7种多环芳烃在NaCl水溶液中的活度系数和盐析常数。计算并比较了萘和联苯的盐析常数以及5种多环芳烃在被正辛醇饱和的NaCl水溶液中的活度系数和盐析常数。 相似文献
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多环芳烃指纹用于渤海采油平台原油的鉴别 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用气相色谱/质谱方法,对渤海海上4个不同区块、5个平台的6口油井原油进行了烷基化多环芳烃系列化合物和美国环保署(EPA)优先控制多环芳烃系列化合物的准确定性定量分析。通过多环芳烃原始指纹谱图、多环芳烃组分分布模式和特征比值的比较对上述原油进行鉴别。结果证明不同区块的原油中多环芳烃指纹信息不尽相同,即使在同一平台不同油井中所产的原油其指纹也存在一定差异。为确保原油鉴别的准确性,分析过程中必须在仪器的稳定性和样品前处理方面实施严格的质量控制措施。 相似文献
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Coal is a non renewable fossil fuel, used mainly as a source of electrical energy and in the production of coke. It is subjected to thermal treatment, pyrolysis, which produces coke as a main product, in addition to a condensed liquid by-product, called tar. Tar is a complex mixture of organic compounds which contains different chemical classes, presenting aromatic and sulphur heterocyclic compounds. In general, identification of these compounds requires steps of isolation and fractionation, mainly due to co-elution of these compounds with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The objective of this work is to characterize the sulphur compounds present in the coal tar obtained via pyrolysis, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detector (GC×GC/TOFMS). Coal samples from the State of Paraná, Brazil were subjected to laboratorial scale pyrolysis. Several experimental conditions were tested, such as sample weight (5, 10 and 15g), heating ramp (10, 25 and 100°C/min) and final temperature (500, 700 and 900°C). Samples were analyzed by one dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC) coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometry detector (GC/qMS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detector (GC×GC/TOFMS). The higher amount of sulphur compounds was obtained at a final temperature of 700°C and a heating ramp of 100°C/min. The main classes observed in the color plot were thiophenes, benzothiophenes and alkylated dibenzothiophenes. GC×GC/TOFMS allowed the identification of the greater number of compounds and the separation of several sulphur compounds from one another. Moreover, separation of sulphur compounds from polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phenols was achieved, which was not possible by 1D-GC. Comparing GC×GC/TOFMS and 1D-GC (SIM mode) also showed that 1D-GC, one of the most employed quantification tools for sulphur compounds, can be misleading for detection, identification and quantification, as the number of isomers of sulphur compounds found was greater than theoretically possible. 相似文献
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气相色谱近年的发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要阐述了近几年气相色谱(GC)的发展和特点。GC是一个成熟的技术,广泛地应用于各个领域,近几年GC的发展除了继续研究新的固定相和高性能的毛细管色谱柱之外,主要在全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)、快速GC、便携式GC仪和微型GC仪几个方面。近几年新研究的GC固定相主要集中在常温离子液体和各种环糊精的衍生物。现在GC研究者趋向于使用商品化的GC毛细管柱,而商品化的GC毛细管柱应用最多的是以含5%苯基的聚甲基硅氧烷为固定相的色谱柱。GC×GC发展迅猛,特别是关于调制器的研究,已开发出十多种调制模式,并广泛地应用于各个领域。为了适应大量样品的分析和现场分析,研究和开发了多种快速GC方法和仪器以及便携式GC仪。为了仪器的小型化和专属性检测,μGC仪的研究也稳步地发展起来。 相似文献
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D. I. Welch C. D. Watts 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(2):185-198
Abstract The collection of rainwater, aerosol and vapour samples at a semi-rural site in the UK was achieved using a PTFE-lined wet-only rainfall collector and a high-volume filter/adsorption trap air sampler, respectively. Analysis of atmospheric deposition revealed the presence of several hundred compounds, many of which were of anthropogenic origin, e.g.: PAH, phenols and alkylbenzenes. Amounts of compounds varied from low nanograms to tens of micrograms per litre in rainwater samples and from low picograms to high nanograms per cubic metre in aerosols. Phenolic compounds were the most abundant group of organics identified in rainwater and were present at total concentrations of >20μg1?1 in some of the samples analysed. In the high-volume air samples most anthropogenic compounds were detected in the adsorbent rather than the filter extract. Seasonal variations in the PAH content of the adsorbent extracts were observed. The presence of siloxanes in the air samples was thought to be the result of contamination. 相似文献
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Summary Methyl(phenyl)silicones offer useful selectivities when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography (GC). Such phases have, however, hitherto been of restricted importance in capillary GC due to the lack of phases having a viscosity high enough to ensure stationary phase film stability. Further, to utilize fully the possibilities of a methyl(phenyl)silicone capillary column, it must also possess high efficiency and a high degree of deactivation.In this work, the preparation of soda-glass capillary columns coated within situ cured methyl(phenyl) and methyl(tolyl)-silicones is presented. Vulcanization was made possible by the introduction of some vinyl substitution in the gum to be cured: tolyl-containing gums could be cured without the presence of vinyl groups. In addition, fused silica capillary columns coated with OV-1701 were prepared.The columns show a coating efficiency of above 80%, a thermal stability up to 320 °C and a high degree of deactivation. Their utility is demonstrated by the separation of samples containing polynuclear aromatics, antidepressants and some potent mutagens.Presented at the 14th International Symposium on Chromatography London, September, 1982 相似文献
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全二维气相色谱技术及其进展 总被引:37,自引:2,他引:35
许多分析问题的解决需要得到比一维色谱技术能提供的更高的分辨率。分离能力可通过使用多种分离技术或机理的组合来增强。此时 ,样品被分散在不同的时间维 ,最终的分辨率强烈地依赖于这些维间分离特性的差异。当它们之间没有关联 ,也即相互间正交时 ,系统可获得最高的分辨率。全二维气相色谱 (GC×GC)提供了一个真正的正交分离系统。它把分离机理不同而又互相独立的两支色谱柱以串联方式结合组成二维气相色谱。在这两支色谱柱之间装有的一个调制器起捕集再传送的作用。全二维色谱的峰容量为组成它的两支色谱柱各自峰容量的乘积。 相似文献
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气相色谱-质谱法分析山柰挥发油化学成分 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用水蒸气蒸馏法从山柰中提取挥发油。采用不同类型的毛细管桩进行分析,找出最佳分析条件,用归一化法测定其质量分数用并用相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。共鉴定了34种成分,占挥发油总成分的91%以上。 相似文献