Fabrication Techniques and Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Optical Polarizing Films Using Gold Island Films

Fabrication techniques of ultra-thin optical polarizing films using gold island films have been investigated for the near-infrared region. The polarizing films are fabricated by stretching the periodic multilayers consisting of gold island layers and glass layers. We have experimentally investigated the optimum fabricating conditions necessary to induce large optical anisotropy into the gold island layers and have formed submicrometer-thick polarizing films with an extinction ratio of ≥20 dB in a near-infrared region longer than 800 nm. These polarizing films could be useful micro-polarizers for fiber-embedded in-line optical devices, micro-optics, and hybrid integrated optics.     

1 064 nm激光对氧化铟锡薄膜的损伤研究

 液晶光学器件在激光光束精密控制上具有重要应用前景,氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜作为液晶光学器件的透明导电电极,是液晶器件激光损伤的薄弱环节。为此,建立了ITO薄膜激光热损伤物理模型。理论计算结果表明：1 064 nm激光对ITO薄膜的损伤主要为热应力损伤;连续激光辐照下,薄膜损伤始于靠近界面的玻璃基底内;脉冲激光辐照下,温升主要发生在光斑范围内的膜层,薄膜损伤从表面开始。利用泵浦探测技术,研究了ITO薄膜的损伤情况,测量了不同功率密度激光辐照后薄膜的方块电阻,结合1-on-1法测定了ITO薄膜的50%损伤几率阈值。实验结果表明：薄膜越厚,方块电阻越小,激光损伤阈值越低;薄膜未完全损伤前,方块电阻随激光功率密度的增加而增大。理论计算与实验结果吻合较好。设计液晶光学器件中的ITO薄膜电极厚度时,应综合考虑激光损伤、透光率及薄膜电阻的影响。     

Laser radiation effects on optical and structural properties of nanostructure CdSe thin film

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate using the thermal evaporation method at room temperature. The changes in the optical properties (optical band gap and absorption coefficient) after irradiation by TEA N₂ laser at different energies were measured in the wavelength range 190–800 nm using a spectrophotometer. It was found that the optical band gap is decreased after irradiating the thin films. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the grain size of the CdSe thin film was calculated from XRD data, which was found to be 41.47 nm as-deposited. It was also found that grain size increases with laser exposure. The samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and it was found that big clusters were formed after irradiation by TEA N₂ laser.     

Reversible,electical and optical switching on silver 3—phenyl—1—ureidonitrile complex thin films

We report on the reversible, electrical and optical switching on silver 3-phenyl-1-ureidonitrile complex thin films. The films can switch from a high impedance state to a low impedance state with an applied electric field at the threshold of 3.5×10⁷V/m. Furthermore, the films can be switched back to the original state by treating the samples at about 80℃. The optical recording is fulfilled using a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 780 nm. Erasure can be accomplished by bulk heating or by the laser working with the power beneath the threshold. No loss of the organic was found in the experiments. This material may have a potential application in ultrahigh data density storage.     

Low cost fabrication of SiO2 optical waveguides by laser direct writing on Ti-doped Sol-Gel films

A commercial direct laser writing (DLW) system operating at 1070 nm was used to fabricate SiO₂ optical waveguides on silicon wafers. A Ti-doped SiO₂ Sol-Gel film was deposited on the SiO₂/Si substrate by the dip-coating technique, based on which SiO₂ optical waveguides were patterned by DLW using a Ytterbium fiber laser and followed by chemical etching. The effects of laser parameters and the preheated temperature of Sol-Gel films on the dimensions of optical waveguides were studied systematically. The differences of etching rate between laser irradiated and non-irradiated areas in Sol-Gel films preheated at various temperatures are characterized by measuring the thickness of the films. Results demonstrate that the available laser power density range for laser densification and the width of the patterned optical waveguides are influenced strongly by the preheated temperature of the Sol-Gel films. The width of the optimized optical waveguide in this work is 25 μm. The minimum propagation loss of the fabricated optical waveguides is 1.7 dB cm⁻¹ at the wavelength of 1550 nm.     

Highly flexible transparent and conductive ZnS/Ag/ZnS multilayer films prepared by ion beam assisted deposition

ZnS/Ag/ZnS (ZAZ) multilayer films were prepared on polyethene terephthalate (PET) by ion beam assisted deposition at room temperature. The structural, optical and electrical characteristics of ZAZ multilayers dependent on the thickness of silver layer were investigated. The ZAZ multilayers exhibit a low sheet resistance of about 10 Ω/sq., a high transmittance of 92.1%, and the improved resistance stabilities when subjected to bending. When the inserted Ag thickness is over 12 nm, the ZAZ multilayers show good resistance stabilities due to the existence of a ductile Ag metal layer. The results suggest that ZAZ film has better optoelectrical and anti-deflection characteristics than conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) single layer.     

Transparent conductive ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature

ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers have been prepared onto conventional soda lime glass substrates by sputtering at room temperature. The optical and electrical characteristics of single layer and multilayer structures have been investigated as a function of the Ag and ITO film thicknesses. Transmittance and sheet resistance values are found mainly dependent on the Ag film thickness; whereas the wavelength range at which the maximum transmittance is achieved can be changed by adjusting the ITO films thickness. ITO/Ag/ITO electrodes with sheet resistance below 6 Ω/sq have been obtained for Ag film thickness above 10 nm and ITO layers thickness in the 30-50 nm range. These multilayers also show high transmittance in the visible spectral region, above 90% by discounting the glass substrate, with a maximum that is located at higher wavelengths for thicker ITO.     

偶氮染料掺杂高分子薄膜的光谱和光存储性质研究

利用旋涂法,制备了以二乙基胺基〖Ｎ（ＣＨ２ＣＨ３）２〗作为推电子基因、以具有强电负性的羧基（ＣＯＯＨ）作为拉电子基团的推－拉型偶氮染料掺杂的高分子（ＰＭＭＡ）薄膜。在室温下测试了该偶氮染料在溶液和薄膜态的吸收光谱、薄膜态的反射光谱和透过光,发现该薄膜在４００～５５０ｎｍ波长范围内具有强的吸收。在５１４．５ｎｍ光盘静脉测试仪上测试了膜片的静脉光存储性能,结果表明,用低功率Ａｒ＾＋激光（５１４．５ｎ     

缺氧La0.6Ca0.4MnO3-δ薄膜的光响应特性

采用波长均为532 nm的连续激光和脉冲激光研究了缺氧La0.6Ca0.4MnO3-δ(LCMO)薄膜的光响应特性。分析了在金属态和绝缘态时,缺氧对LCMO薄膜光响应的不同影响。在脉冲宽度7 ns、峰值功率750 mW的脉冲激光作用下,缺氧LCMO薄膜在室温下呈现出明显的光响应信号,其光电导增大36.4%,上升时间约30 ns。由于光子能量大于LCMO的禁带宽度,光子注入在薄膜中产生了电子-空穴对,而电子很容易被氧空位俘获,从而在薄膜中产生大量额外的空穴载流子,大量的空穴载流子可能诱发局域绝缘-金属相变,从而在薄膜中产生明显的光电导效应。实验显示出缺氧钙钛矿薄膜在光电器件上的巨大应用潜力。     

Tunable surface-plasmon-resonance wavelength of silver island films

This paper experimentally and theoretically investigates the effect of the underlayer medium on tuning of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength of silver island films,and the effect of substrate temperature on the morphologies and optical properties of the films.From the absorption spectra of single Ag with various thickness and overcoated (Ag/TiO 2) films deposited on glass substrates at various substrate temperatures by RF magnetron sputtering,we demonstrate that the surface plasmon resonance wavelength can be made tunable by changing the underlayer medium,the thickness of metal layer and the substrate temperature.By varying substrate temperatures,the interparticle coupling effects on plasmon resonances of nanosilver particles enhance as the spacing between the particles reduces.When the substrate temperature is up to 500 C,the absorption peak decreases sharply and shifts to shorter wavelength side due to the severe coalescence between silver islands in the film.     

Optical properties of magnetic quasi-2D nanocomposites in the IR spectral region

The optical absorption spectra of magnetic quasi-2D Co island films and of hybrid Co/SiO₂ multilayers in which island films are separated by SiO₂ layers were studied. It was found that, when the Co film was masked by a thin SiO₂ layer, the absorption considerably increased and exceeded 0.8. This was observed when the Co fraction was substantially lower than its critical value for the percolation transition. Moreover, the maximal absorption in this case weakly depends on both the effective film thickness and the number of Co layers. Numerical analysis shows that the observed peculiarities of the absorption spectra of the structures based on quasi-2D granulated Co films are connected to a great extent with the peculiar features of the interference effects occurring in such systems.     

钛酸锶钡薄膜的室温光学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了(Ba0.75Sr0.25)TiO3薄膜,研究了不同退火温度下样品的物相结构、薄膜的光致发光性能和光学透过率。结果表明:室温下非晶钛酸锶钡薄膜在蓝光激发下具有明显的发光现象,发光波长范围是500～650 nm,峰值在525 nm附近。延长非晶态薄膜的退火时间能够显著提高样品的发光强度,且发光强度随薄膜厚度增加而增大。晶态薄膜有微弱的发光现象。透射谱测试结果表明,钛酸锶钡薄膜在可见光范围内具有良好的光学透过率。     

Giant third optical harmonic generation in island silver films

Giant third optical harmonic (TH) generation has been experimentally observed in island silver films. The TH intensity in the island silver films studied is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the value observed for the smooth surface of a homogeneous silver film. The mechanism of enhancement of the nonlinear cubic response is associated with the resonance enhancement of the local optical field at the TH wavelength, which is caused by the excitation of local surface plasmons in the ensemble of metal nanoparticles.     

Laser direct patterning induced the tunable optical properties of indium tin oxide micro-hole arrays films

Here we introduce a facile method to fabricate patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films via selective laser ablation at ambient conditions. By scanning the ITO thin films with focused Nd: YAG pulsed laser, the ITO thin films were selective ablated and patterned without using any conventional chemical etching or photolithography steps. Then we investigated the effects of scanning rate for the structure, morphology and optical properties of patterned ITO thin film. These results indicate that the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelength of ITO thin films can be tuned from 1100 nm to 1340 nm by adjusting the period of the micro-hole array in microstructure. The nonlinear absorption response of patterned ITO films was about 2.85 time than of the as-deposited ITO thin film. Additionally, the results of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation are in good agreement with those of the experiments.     

酞菁铜LB薄膜覆盖层光波导的光学双稳特性

利用LB薄膜技术在一定尺寸的钾离子交换玻璃波导上制备了30层四—4—(2、4—二特戊基苯氧基)酞菁铜(简称tapCuPc)Z型LB薄膜,形成覆盖有LB薄膜的四层介质波导.首次报道在室温下采用不同激光脉冲观察覆盖有LB薄膜的光波导片上的光学双稳特性,除去LB薄膜覆盖层后没有观察到光双稳特征.     

Microstructure and roughness improvement of polycrystalline Bi thin films upon pulsed-laser melting

Bismuth films with different thicknesses have been grown by do sputtering on substrates held at room temperature. The films are always formed by columnar crystals with a grain size comparable to the film thickness which lead to surface roughness. It increases with the thickness of the films and has a strong influence on the film optical properties. The films have been irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses, and real-time reflectivity measurements during the irradiation were used to follow the changes in the film optical properties. It will be shown that pulsed-laser irradiation of films thinner than 100 nm improves substantially their surface roughness and their crystalline quality by increasing the grain size at least one order of magnitude.     

Structural and optical properties of layers of pentacene formed by PLD method

Organic films fabrication offers the possibility of producing electronic devices of low weight, mechanical flexibility and low cost. One suitable material for organic film fabrigation which is the subject of the great interest is pentacene, because it is characterized by the large carrier mobility (∼1 cm²/Vs). In this work, the growth of pentacene layers using pulse laser deposition (PLD) on different substrates (glass/ITO, Si) is described and various processing parameters are investigated. Two pulsed YAG:Nd³⁺ laser wavelengths were used for the ablation of the PLD target: the first harmonic at 1064 nm aGn:dNdth3+e second at 532 nm. The structure of the layers formed was examined using SEM and RHEED methods. The results were compared with results of optical spectroscopy studies. It will be shown that layers deposed using second harmonics have a higher quality than those for first harmonic. The other PLD parametersalso have a strong influence on the structure quality of layers.      

激光辐照对热退火金属/掺氟二氧化锡透明导电薄膜光电性能的影响

采用532 nm纳秒脉冲激光对热退火的铝(Al)/掺氟二氧化锡(FTO)、铜(Cu)/FTO和银(Ag)/FTO三种双层复合薄膜表面分别进行处理, 结果显示薄膜样品的光电性能都得到提高.其中, 热退火Ag/FTO薄膜的平均透光率(400–800 nm)增幅最大, 从72.6%提高到80.5%, 主要是由于其表面产生了具有减反增透作用的光栅结构.激光辐照后热退火Ag/FTO薄膜的导电性也略有提高, 其方块电阻从5.6 Ω/sq下降到5.3 Ω/sq, 原因主要是激光辐照的热效应造成的退火作用使薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大, 减少了晶界散射而使载流子迁移率提高.计算结果显示, 激光辐照后热退火Ag/FTO薄膜的品质因子从0.73×10^-2Ω^-1增大为2.16×10^-2Ω^-1, 表明其综合光电性能得到显著提高.激光辐照可同步实现薄膜表面光栅结构的制备和附加退火作用, 这为金属层复合透明导电薄膜光电性能的综合优化提供了新的思路.     

基于铝浸润层的超薄银透明导电薄膜研究北大核心CSCD

超薄银薄膜具有高柔韧性和优良的光电性能,是用于透明导电电极的潜在材料。通过电阻热蒸发技术以金属铝作为浸润层制备超薄银透明导电薄膜。引入铝浸润层降低银薄膜的阈值厚度,使银薄膜在K9玻璃基底上以尽可能低的厚度达到连续。对不同厚度铝浸润层上银薄膜方块电阻进行测试,经SEM图像验证后得出,1 nm铝浸润层对银薄膜具有较好的浸润效果。随后采用相同的工艺在1 nm铝浸润层上制备了不同厚度的银薄膜,透过率和方阻测试结果表明,1 nm铝浸润层上制备的10 nm银薄膜方阻值可达到13Ω/,其在0.4μm~2.5μm波段内透过率可达到50%以上。     

Formation of periodic structures by the space-selective precipitation of Ge nanoparticles in channel waveguides

Thermally stabilized channel waveguides with Bragg gratings were fabricated by the space-selective precipitation technique of crystalline Ge nanoparticles using KrF excimer laser irradiation. The periodic structures consisting of Ge nanoparticles were formed in Ge-B-SiO₂ thin glass films after exposure to an interference pattern of the laser followed by annealing at 600 °C. The channel waveguides with the periodic structures were fabricated by the cladding of the patterned Cr layers on the films. The diffraction peak for the TE-like mode of 11.8 dB depth was observed clearly at a wavelength of 1526.4 nm, indicating that the periodic structure also served as the optical band-pass filter in optical communication wavelength. The spectral shape, diffraction efficiency, and diffraction wavelength remained unchanged even after annealing at 400 °C. Furthermore, a low temperature dependence of the diffraction wavelength - as low as 8.1 pm/°C - was achieved. The diffraction efficiency was further enhanced after subsequent annealing at 600 °C. The space-selective precipitation technique is expected to be useful for the fabrication of highly reliable optical filters or durable sensing devices operating at high temperature.