高灵敏度光纤温度传感器

针对深井温度变化小,提出了一种可用于深井温度测量的高灵敏度光纤温度传感器。两根陶瓷插芯从铝管的两端插入构成外腔式光纤法珀干涉仪(EFPI)结构,用螺钉固定插芯,再用高强度的环氧树脂密封该结构,达到防水防尘效果。金属铝和陶瓷插芯具有不同的热膨胀系数,温度的变化将引起EFPI腔长变化,采用高灵敏度光纤白光干涉测量技术,就可以通过测量EFPI腔长获得被测温度。分别在固定温度和不同温度下,对腔长为146.5μm的EFPI光纤温度传感器进行了连续测量。测量结果表明,高灵敏度EFPI光纤温度传感器的腔长-温度灵敏度为260nm/℃,温度测量分辨率为0.002℃。     

测量电容量的一种实验方法

利用冲击电流计和一个标准电容器 ,设计一个简单的实验电路来测量未知电容器的电容量。通过测量电容量 ,将进一步加深对“电容”的理解和掌握     

铯原子永久电偶极矩实验研究

圆柱形电容器中充铯蒸气,测量不同温度下电容量的变化,这变化与铯原子数度成正比。本实验得出铯原子永久电偶极矩edCs>2.4e×10-8cm。     

超导量子器件片上皮法电容的制备及测量

片上集成电容是超导量子芯片上的核心器件，其数值一般在百飞法(fF)至皮法(pF)范围.采用常规微纳加工技术在蓝宝石基片上制备了铌-氧化硅-铝(Nb/SiO₂/Al)平行板电容.利用刻蚀工艺制备了平行板电容器的下极板Nb,利用剥离工艺制备平行板电容器的上极板Al和介电层SiO₂.室温下利用锁相放大原理和桥式电路原理测定电容大小，两种方法测定电容值基本一致，表明锁相放大原理测试pF级电容的可靠性.利用该电容与铝基约瑟夫森结组成谐振器，制备了中心频率位于4.35 GHz的约瑟夫森参量放大器.在稀释制冷机中10 mK温度下测定直流偏置谐振器的磁通-频率相位图，拟合数据获得的电容值与室温测定电容值接近，表明在mK、GHz条件下工作的片上集成电容可在室温、kHz条件下测定其数值大小.     

简化共沉淀法制备CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷及其介电性能研究

具有巨介电常数的CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂陶瓷是一种理想的高储能密度电容器材料.本文以草酸为沉淀剂、以乙酸铵为调节pH值的定量缓冲剂,获得制备CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂陶瓷的简化共沉淀法.确定了pH=30为制备前驱粉料的最佳反应条件.通过显微分析和介电性能测量,发现在1040℃—1100℃范围内,随着烧结温度的提高,陶瓷的品粒尺寸增大,非线性系数上升,电位梯度和介电损耗下降,1100℃烧结的试样tanδ最低达到0.04.认为CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂陶瓷介电损耗包含直流电导分量、低频松弛损耗和高频松弛损耗.低频松弛活化能为0.51 eV.,对应于晶界处的Maxwell-Wagner松弛极化;高频松弛过程活化能为0.10 eV,对应晶粒内部的氧空位缺陷.烧结温度的升高导致晶界电阻下降.     

CaZrO_3改性(Na,K)NbO_3基无铅陶瓷电学性能的温度稳定性

压电陶瓷广泛用于驱动器、传感器等电子领域,但是目前主要使用的压电陶瓷是铅基陶瓷.基于保护环境和社会可持续发展的需要,无铅压电陶瓷的研发变得迫切.无铅压电陶瓷(K,Na)NbO_3(KNN)因具有较高压电常数和居里温度,而受到广泛关注.然而较差的温度稳定性限制了其应用.本文通过二步合成法制备了电学性能温度稳定的(1-x)(Na_(0.52)K_(0.48))_(0.95)Li_(0.05)NbO_3-xCaZrO_3(NKLN-xCZ)陶瓷,研究了CaZrO_3对KNN基陶瓷微结构及电学性能的作用.研究结果表明:适量CaZrO_3改善了样品烧结性能,得到了致密陶瓷.随CaZr O_3增加,NKLN-CZ陶瓷的三方相(R)-四方相(T)共存出现在组分为0.05 ≤x ≤0.06.x=0.05时,陶瓷样品不但具有高居里温度(T_c=373 ℃),而且表现出良好电学性能(d_(33)=198 pC/N,k_p=39%,ε_r=1140,tanδ=0.034,P_r=21μC/cm~2,E_c=18.2 kV/cm).此外,该陶瓷由于存在弥散R-T相变,导致其相变温度区间拓宽,因此,该陶瓷具有较好的电学性能温度稳定:在温度范围为-50—150 ℃,NKLN-0.05CZ陶瓷的k_p保持在34%—39% (k_p变化量≤13%).     

光子晶体光纤温度压力传感器

提出了一种在高温环境下同时测量温度和气压的光子晶体光纤温度压力传感器.在普通单模光纤和光子晶体光纤之间熔接一段空心光纤构成干涉结构.空心光纤段构成非本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪,利用光子晶体光纤的微孔与外界相通,通过气体折射率变化来测量环境中的气压变化;光子晶体光纤段构成本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪,利用热膨胀效应和热光效应来测量环境中的温度.传感器的解调通过自制的白光干涉解调仪实现,实验通过测量腔长得到被测环境的温度和气压.在不同温度和气压环境下,对腔长分别为306μm和1535μm的温度压力光纤传感器进行连续测量.实验结果表明,传感器能够在28~800℃的温度下和0~10 MPa的气压下稳定工作,测量范围内温度灵敏度可达17.4 nm/℃,压力灵敏度随温度增加而降低,在28℃时可达1460.5 nm/MPa.     

基于蓝宝石晶片的光纤法布里-珀罗高温传感器

提出并研制了一种基于蓝宝石晶片的光纤法布里-珀罗(法珀)高温传感器.该传感器采用斜端面蓝宝石光纤作传输波导,蓝宝石晶片作法珀干涉仪,"陶瓷插芯-陶瓷套管"结构做为传感器的固定结构.通过傅里叶变换-最小均方差联合算法解调传感器的反射光谱,实现了20℃~1 000℃范围内的温度测量,测试准确度为±2.5℃.该传感器具有体积小、成本低、制作简单以及重复性高的优点,可用于高温环境下稳定、精确的温度测量.     

双掺杂的Sm0.9Sr0.1Al1-xCoxO3-δ钙钛矿结构导电陶瓷的制备及其电性能

采用有机凝胶法结合高温烧结制备了Sm_0.9Sr_0.1Al_1-xCo_xO_3-δ (SSAC,x = 0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6) 系列钙钛矿结构混合导电陶瓷,并详细讨论了烧结温度和Co掺杂量对其晶体结构、相组成和电性能的影响.X射线衍射结果显示,过高的烧结温度或Co掺杂量都会导致杂相Sm(Sr)CoO₃生成,Co在该体系的固溶限位于50mol%—60mol%之间,Co对Al的部分取代使晶格体积增大.电性能测量结果表明,SSAC陶瓷的电导率主要取决于p型电导,其导电行为符合小极化子跳跃导电机制;随着烧结温度的升高,材料的电导率逐渐增大;在固溶限内随Co含量的增加,SSAC陶瓷的电导率增大,表观活化能减小;1200 ℃烧结10 h制得的单相Sm_0.9Sr_0.1Al_0.5Co_0.5O_3-δ陶瓷体在800℃的电导率达63.4 S/cm,表观活化能为0.14eV.具有良好电性能的SSAC导电陶瓷有望应用于高温电化学领域. 关键词： 导电陶瓷 3')" href="#">Sr和Co掺杂的SmAlO₃ 有机凝胶法 电性能     

Bi0.5Ba0.5FeO3 陶瓷的电性能及阻抗分析

以传统的固相反应法制备了Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷,并采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、直流阻温测试仪和交流阻抗分析仪测试了Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷的微结构和电性能.分析结果表明:Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷具有立方钙钛矿结构,颗粒尺寸约1.0 μm;在16—280 ℃范围内,Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷表现出明显的负温度系数热敏效应,其热敏常数、活化能分别为6490 K及0.558 eV;介电温谱揭示,在280 ℃下Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷材料没有出现相变行为.对于交流阻抗谱,采用3个串联的RQ(R与Q为并联)等效部件来拟合分析,拟合结果表明拟合数据与实验数据高度匹配,且这3个等效部件分别代表晶界、晶粒和晶壳的贡献.3个部件中,晶粒对陶瓷电阻阻值的影响最大,晶壳贡献次之,晶界最小,且3个部件电阻值都显示出负温度系数效应.在25—115 ℃范围内,电学模量虚部峰频与阻抗虚部峰频始终不匹配,意味着Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷体内部一直表现出局域导电机理. 关键词： 0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷')" href="#">Bi_0.5Ba_0.5FeO₃陶瓷 电性能 阻抗分析     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.