荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２ 甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂，并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷 环氧丙烷 环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ ＰＰＯ ＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响，结果表明，一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性，使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高，而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看，能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构，在此条件下，形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小，而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

微量PEO-PS-PEO/PEO共混体系结晶过程中共聚物胶束的成核作用

 本工作将Leibler等近期关于含非晶两嵌段共聚物“稀固体溶液”的胶束理论推广并应用到含结晶三嵌段共聚物的“稀固体溶液”.对微量聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯三嵌段共聚物/聚氧化乙烯均聚物共混体系的结晶行为进行了研究.结果表明,共聚物胶束在共混体系的结晶过程中可以起到成核剂的作用.这对改善结晶均聚物的性能具有一定的应用价值.     

嵌段—接枝共聚物SPEG与PS（OH）之间的氢键络合导致胶束化的研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合反应合成了以聚苯乙烯－ｂ－聚（乙烯－ｃｏ－丙烯）（ＳＥＰ）为主链、无规分布且数目可控的聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯（ＰＥＭＡ）为支链的嵌段接枝共聚物ＳＰＥＧ,发现在甲苯中因支链ＰＥＭＡ与聚（苯乙烯－ｃｏ－对六氟丙基－α－甲基苯乙烯）「简称ＰＳ（ＯＨ）」的氢键络合作用和ＥＰ嵌段的溶解作用导致了聚集体的胶束化,研究了胶束的尺寸及其分布对ＰＳ（ＯＨ）中羟基含量和共混物组成的依赖性。     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂,并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷环氧丙烷环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯＰＰＯＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响,结果表明,一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性,使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高,而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看,能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构,在此条件下,形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小,而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO—PPO—PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内 …

选择了甲醇、乙醇,正丙醇,乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２－甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂,并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷 －环氧丙烷－环氧乙烷共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响。     

阳离子表面活性剂溴代十六烷基吡胶束对2,4—二硝基氯苯…

阳离子表面活性剂溴代十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）胶束对不中ＯＨ和２，４－二硝基氯苯的反应有催化作用，随ＣＰＢ浓度的增大，反应速率常数开始时迅速增大，然后趋于常数，ＯＨ浓度的增大使胶束催化不解的二级速率常数减小，ＣＰＢ胶束对此反应的速率提高作用比十六烷基三甲基溴化铵胶束更有效，对这两种胶束催化作用差异进行了讨论。     

长软链段对苯二甲酸乙二酯—环氧乙烷多嵌段共聚物的组成…

合成了不同软锻段长度和不同链段含量的系列对苯二甲酸乙二酯－环氧乙烷（ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＯ）多嵌段共聚物，用ＮＭＲ质子谱测定了硬链段一，对部分溶于氯仿的ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＯ多嵌段共聚物进行了分离，并分别测定基氯仿可溶物和不溶物的硬边段一、熔融热谱和热结晶谱，揭示了ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＯ多嵌段共聚物的组成不均一性及其对软段长度和硬链段一的信赖性，进而用ＤＳＣ热谱证明了软链段和硬链段的结晶能力与ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＯ多嵌段共聚物组     

表面张力法研究温敏性接枝共聚物的微胶束化行为

用表面张力法研究了以水溶性可生物降解的葡聚糖为主链 ,具有温敏相变特性的聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 )为接枝链的葡聚糖 接枝 聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (Dextran g PNIPAM)共聚物在水溶液中的胶束化行为 .研究结果表明Dextran g PNIPAM体系的微胶束化行为与共聚物结构和溶液体系的温度密切相关 ,接枝共聚物中PNIPAM含量越大 ,水溶液体系的温度越高 ,形成胶束的临界胶束浓度 (CMC)越小 .特别值得指出的是 ,无论水溶液的温度是否高于PNIPAM接枝链段的相变温度 (LCST) ,即PNIPAM链段由亲水性转变为疏水性的温度 ,Dextran g PNIPAM均呈现一个临界胶束浓度大 ,对该现象给予了解释 .     

嵌段共聚物微胶束行为的研究Ⅱ．动态激光光散射法研究聚（苯乙烯－异戊二烯）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中微胶束的形成过程

采用动态激光光散射研究聚（苯乙烯－异成二烯）（ＰＳ－ＰＩ）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂二氧六环／甲醇混合体系中微胶束的形成过程。讨论了温度、混合溶剂的组成和共聚物分子量对形成微胶束的影响。并对与体积排斥色谱法得到结果的差异进行了讨论，从而提出临界接触浓度的概念。还就实验测得的分子链尺寸和微胶束尺寸进行理论估算，结果符合Ｆｌｏｒｙ无扰链模型。     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸/聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯二元胶束的杂化作用

用光散射技术和透射电镜研究了聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯胶束和聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸胶束在水中的相互作用.结果表明,壳层带有氨基和羟基的聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯胶束和壳层带有羧基的聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸胶束在水中可以通过胶束之间的链交换形成壳层结构致密的杂化胶束,温度的升高有助于胶束之间链交换的进行,并提出了形成杂化胶束的链交换机理.     

表面活性剂溶胀胶束：性能及应用

溶胀胶束是表面活性剂胶束增溶其它物质后使胶束膨胀的一种胶束状态,因其能显著提高难溶性物质的溶解度而备受关注。针对近年来对溶胀胶束的研究进展,综述了溶胀胶束的最大增溶量、增溶过程以及增溶后形貌尺寸的变化等问题,总结了影响胶束增溶作用的因素,厘清了溶胀胶束与微乳液的异同,介绍了溶胀胶束的应用,展望了其应用前景与发展方向。     

How can temperature affect reverse micellar extraction using sucrose fatty acid ester?

The reverse micellar extraction of lysozyme using sucrose fatty acid ester was found to be greatly affected by the temperature in the extraction process. For example, lysozyme was perfectly extracted from the feed aqueous phase to the reverse micellar organic phase at 25°C, while it was not extracted at 5°C at all. After entrapping lysozyme into the reverse micelles, lysozyme was recovered from the reverse micellar organic phase to the recovery aqueous phase only by decreasing the temperature in the backward extraction. Moreover, lysozyme solubilized in the reverse micellar organic solution could be recovered without the recovery aqueous solution at 3°C, and its activity was retained at 95%.     

A new low temperature methodology to obtain pure nanocrystalline nickel borate

The present study focuses on the development of a new route for the synthesis of pure nickel borate nanoparticles using reverse micellar route. Nickel borate nanoparticles (25 nm) were synthesized from a precursor (obtained by reverse micellar route) containing both nickel and boron (nickel nitrate and sodium borohydride as starting materials). Decomposition of the precursor at a temperature of ∼800 °C yielded pure nickel borate nanoparticles. This was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These nanoparticles show an antiferromagnetic ordering with N?el temperature of 47 K.     

反胶团相转移法提取青霉素G的研究

报道了非蛋白质类活性物质青霉素Ｇ在反胶团相转移提取中的特性和机理。结果表明，青霉素Ｇ在ＣＴＡＢ／正辛醇：氯仿（４：１，Ｖ／Ｖ）反胶团体系中的相转移提取为离子对静电作用与胶团溶解机理；在室温及ｐＨ值５～８的条件下，提取率在９０％以上，且保持了青霉素的稳定性。     

Higher order structure of proteins solubilized in AOT reverse micelles

The higher order structure of proteins solubilized in an bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium (AOT) reverse micellar system was investigated. From circular dichroic (CD) measurement, CD spectra of cytochrome c, which is solubilized at the interface of reverse micelles, markedly changed on going from buffer solution to the reverse micellar solution, and the ellipticity values in the far- and near-UV regions decreased with decreasing the water content (W₀: molar ratio of water to AOT), indicating that the secondary and tertiary structures of cytochrome c changed with the water content. The ellipticity of ribonuclease A, which is solubilized in the center of micellar water pool, in the near-UV region was dependent on W₀ and became minimum when W₀ of ca. 8 while the ellipticity in the far-UV region was almost constant, indicating that the tertiary structure of ribonuclease A was affected by the water content, but the secondary structure was conserved. The degree of curvature of the micellar interface appears to influence the protein structure because the reverse micelle size is linearly proportional to the W₀ value. As evidence of this, when the micelle size was comparable to the protein's dimensions, the structures were more affected by the water content. Judging from the dependence of the factor influencing the protein structure on the protein species, the location of solubilized protein in reverse micelles is significantly related to whether the protein structure in the system is affected by the micellar interface. In the cases of cytochrome c and lysozyme, the ellipticity against W₀ was dependent on the AOT concentration. In contrast, ribonuclease A gave very similar ellipticity values whatever the AOT concentration. In the n-hexane micellar system, cytochrome c exhibited lower ellipticity values and ribonuclease A in the lower W₀ range (W₀ < ca. 8) higher ellipticity values. These results indicated that the interaction between the protein and the micellar interface is a dominant factor influencing the protein structure in reverse micelles, and that it is governed by the location of solubilized proteins and the state of the micellar interface.     

乙二醇对烷基三甲基溴化铵胶团化行为的影响

利用电导法研究了烷基三甲基溴化铵表面活性剂(CnTAB,n=12,14,16),即十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB),十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),在混合极性溶剂乙二醇/水(体积分数0～40%)中的胶团化行为。考察了温度对胶团形成的影响,应用相分离模型估算了三个表面活性剂的胶团热力学参数。结果表明临界胶团浓度(cmc)和反离子解离度(α)都随乙二醇组分的增加而增大。在乙二醇/水混合溶剂中胶团形成的标准吉布斯自由能相差很小,混合焓都是负值,而混合熵都为正值,说明焓-熵补偿效应在胶团形成中起主导作用。     

Aggregation behavior and interaction of an amphiphilic drug imipramine hydrochloride with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: light scattering studies

The aggregation behavior and interaction of an amphiphilic antidepressant drug imipramine (IMP) hydrochloride with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have been studied using light scattering (both static and dynamic) techniques. Due to rigid tricyclic hydrophobic moiety present in the molecule, the drug shows interesting association behavior. The static light scattering measurements show that the self-association of IMP commenced above a well-defined critical micellar concentration (CMC), which decreases with increasing the mole fraction of the CTAB surfactant. Both the excess Gibbs energy (ΔG(ex)) and the Gibbs energy of micellization (ΔG(M)°) are negative, and decrease with increasing mole fraction of the surfactant. The hydrodynamic diameters (d(h)) of the micellar aggregates were also evaluated using the dynamic light scattering measurements. The data indicate formation of larger aggregates by IMP and CTAB due to mixed micellization and subsequent micellar growth. The results have been analyzed using different models (viz., Clint, Motomura, Rosen, Rubingh, etc.) for mixed micelle formation.     

苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系流变性及CTAB分子1HNMR谱影响的研究

报道了苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系粘度的影响,利用1HNMR法研究了苯甲醇在CTAB胶束中的增溶位置.结果表明,在KBr盐溶液中,随着苯甲醇的加入,0.01mol/LCTAB胶束体系的粘度增大至最大值.对CTAB分子的1HNMR分析表明,少量的苯甲醇增溶在棒状胶束的界面,促使胶束体积增大和相互缠结,体系的粘度随之增大;当苯甲醇浓度较高时,将增溶在胶束的栅栏层靠近极性头一侧,胶束发生棒-球转变和解缠,体系的粘度降低.     

Improved micellar hydration and gelation characteristics of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer solutions in the presence of LiCl

LiCl-induced changes in the micellar hydration and gelation characteristics of aqueous solutions of the two triblock copolymers F127 (EO(100)PO(70)EO(100)) and P123 (EO(20)PO(70)EO(20)) (where EO represents the ethylene oxide block and PO represents the propylene oxide block) have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and viscometry. The effect of LiCl was found to be significantly different from those observed for other alkali metal chloride salts such as NaCl and KCl. This can be explained on the basis of the complexation of hydrated Li(+) ions with the PEO chains in the micellar corona region. The interaction between the chains and the ions is more significant in the case F127 because of its larger PEO block size, and therefore, micelles of this copolymer show an enhanced degree of hydration in the presence of LiCl. The presence of the hydrated Li(+) ions in the micellar corona increases the amount of mechanically trapped water there and compensates more than the water molecules lost through the dehydration of the PEO chains in the presence of the Cl(-) ions. The enhancement in micellar hydration leads to a decrease in the minimum concentration required for the F127 solution to form a room-temperature cubic gel phase from 18% to 14%. Moreover, for both copolymers, the temperature range of stability of the cubic gel phase also increases with increasing LiCl concentration, presumably because of the ability of the Li(+) ions to reduce micellar dehydration with increasing temperature. Viscosity studies on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) homopolymer with a size equivalent to that of the PEO block in F127 (4000 g/mol) also suggest that the dehydrating effect of the Cl(-) ion on the PEG chain is compensated by its interaction with the hydrated Li(+) ions.     

阳离子碳氟表面活性剂研究I: 水溶液中的胶束特性及生长

利用动态光散射(Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS)、瞬态电双折射(Transient Electric Birefringence, TEB)和粘度测定方法研究了部分氟代阳离子表面活性剂氟代-2-羟基十一烷基二乙羟基甲基氯化铵(diethanolheptadecafluoro-2-undecanol methylammonium chloride, C₈F₁₇CH₂CH(OH)CH₂NCH₃(C₂H₄OH)₂Cl, DEFUMACl)水溶液的胶束化特性. 结果表明: DEFUMACl的临界胶束浓度cmc为3.8 mmol•L^－1. 稀溶液中随着DEFUMACl浓度的增加或者无机盐NaCl的加入, DEFUMACl胶束由球形向棒状转变, 其转变浓度, 即第二临界胶束浓度(cmc_II)为0.2 mol•L^－1; 电导测定的反离子(Cl^－)结合度为0.72. 利用球形和棒状胶束模型确定的DEFUMACl胶束聚集数分别为45和335.