Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties of a two-dimensional mixed-valence assembly [Fe(salen)]2[Fe(CN)5NO]

A cyanide-bridged Fe^III–Fe^II mixed-valence assembly, [Fe^III(salen)]₂[Fe^II(CN)₅NO] [salen = N,N-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)dianion], prepared by slow diffusion of an aqueous solution of Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO] · 2H₂O and a MeOH solution of [Fe(salen)NO₃] in an H tube, has been characterized by X-ray structure analysis, i.r. spectra and magnetic measurements. The product assumes a two-dimensional network structure consisting of pillow-like octanuclear [—Fe^II—CN—Fe^III—NC—]₄ units with dimensions: Fe^II—C = 1.942(7) Å, C—N = 1.139(9) Å, Fe^III—N = 2.173(6) Å, Fe^II—C—N = 178.0(6)°, Fe^III—N—C = 163.4(6)°. The Fe^II—N—O bond angle is linear (180.0°). The variable temperature magnetic susceptibility, measured in the 4.8–300 K range, indicates the presence of a weak intralayer antiferromagnetic interaction and gives an Fe^III–Fe^III exchange integral of –0.033 cm^–1.     

The N—H and O—H bond dissociation energies in 4-hydroxydiphenylamine and its phenoxyl and aminyl radicals

The N—H and O—H bond dissociation energies in 4-hydroxydiphenylamine Ph—NH—C₆H₄—OH (D _NH= 353.4, D _OH=339.3 kJ mol^–1) and its semiquinone radicals D _NH(Ph—NH—C₆H₄—O^·) = 273.6, D _OH(Ph—N^·—C₆H₄—OH) = 259.5 kJ mol^–1 were first estimated using the parabolic model and experimental data (rate constants) on two elementary reactions with participation of N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinonemonoimine (2). One of the reactions, namely, that of 2 with aromatic amines, was studied in this work using a specially developed method.     

Syntheses,crystal structures and magnetic properties of two cyano-bridged two-dimensional assemblies [Fe(salpn)]2 [Fe(CN)5NO] and [Fe(salpn)]2[Ni(CN)4]

Two cyano-bridged assemblies, [Fe^III(salpn)]₂[Fe^II(CN)₅NO] (1) and [Fe^III (salpn)]₂[Ni^II(CN)₄] (2) [salpn = N, N-1,2-propylenebis(salicylideneiminato)dianion], have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. In each complex, [Fe(CN)₅NO]^2– or [Ni(CN)₄]^2– coordinates with four [Fe(salpn)]⁺ cations using four co-planar CN^– ligands, whereas each [Fe(salpn)]⁺ links two [Fe(CN)₅NO]^2– or [Ni(CN)₄]^2– ions in the trans form, which results in a two-dimensional (2D) network consisting of pillow-like octanuclear [—M^II—CN—Fe^III—NC—]₄ units (M = Fe or Ni). In complex (1), the NO group of [Fe(CN)₅NO]^2– remains monodentate and the bond angle of Fe^II—N—O is 180.0°. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities, measured in the 5–300 K range, show weak intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions in both complexes with the intramolecular iron(III)iron(III) exchange integrals of –0.017 cm^–1 for (1) and –0.020 cm^–1 for (2), respectively.     

Thermal Analysis of Poly(AN—co—St) and Poly(AN—St—MMA)

Poly(AN—co—St) (PAS) and poly(AN—St—MMA)(PASM) were synthetized by emulsion polymerisation. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the copolymers and the relationship between T_g and the components of the copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that T_g for the AN—St bipolymers has apeak value in the range 115–118°C at a content of 50 mass% St. When methyl methacrylate was added, the T_g of the terpolymer was decreased by about 2–6°C.The thermostability and the activation energy E of degradation were determined by thermogravimetric analysis.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Relationship between reduction potentials and electron affinities of fullerenes and their derivatives

A linear relationship was found between the first reduction potentials (E°_red) and electron affinities (EA) for fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀, their hydro- and fluoro-derivatives, and aromatic hydrocarbons: E°_red = –3.04 + 0.81·EA. This equation was used to estimate the unknown values of EA = 2.45 eV for C₆₀H₂, 2.47 eV for C₇₀H₂, –0.15 eV for C₇₀H_36—38, –0.41 eV for C₇₀H_44—46, and E°_red = –1.74—–1.91 V (vs. Fc^0/+) for C₆₀H₁₈.     

Untersuchungen in den Systemen Thorium-Wolfram-Kohlenstoff und Uran-Wolfram-Kohlenstoff

Zusammenfassung Die Dreistoffe Th—W—C und U—W—C werden an Hand gesinterter und lichtbogengeschmolzener Legierungen röntgenographisch und metallographisch untersucht; eine Phasenfelderaufteilung wird vorgenommen. Thorium löst rd. 6 At% C unter Gitteraufweitung (bisa=5,12 Å). Der Bereich von ThC erstreckt sich bei 1500°C von 38 bis 50 At% C (a=5,30 bis 5,34 Å). Im System Th—W—C treten keine ternären Phasen auf; die Gleichgewichte werden durch die Verbindungen der Randsysteme bestimmt. Im System U—W—C wird die schon früher gefundene ternäre Phase UWC₂ und deren Struktur (a=5,633 Å,b=3,255 Å,c=10,98 Å bei der Nominalzusammensetzung) bestätigt. In der Verbindung UWC₂ wird kein merklicher Austausch von Uran gegen Thorium beobachtet; es treten schon bei kleinen Thoriumgehalten Mehrphasengleichgewichte auf. Die Löslichkeitsbereiche sind in beiden Systemen klein. Auf Grund der beobachteten Umsetzungen können unter Vernachlässigung der Beiträge des Metalls Grenzwerte für die freien Bildungsenthalpien von ThC₂ (–32 bis –23,3 kCal/Mol), bzw. UWC₂ (–37,7 bis –41,2 kCal/Mol) errechnet werden.Mit 14 Abbildungen     

Electron transfer in the photochemical reactions of phenothiazine with halomethanes

Photochemical transformations of phenothiazine (PTA) in solutions of halomethanes CH_nX_4–n (X = Cl, Br; n = 0, 1, 2) and in n-hexane—CH_nX_4–n mixtures under the irradiation with = 337 and 365 nm were studied. The rate constants of quenching of PTA fluorescence with halomethanes (k _q) are 4·10⁵—1.3·10¹⁰ L mol^–1 s^–1. The process occurs due to electron transfer with the C—X bond cleavage in the radical anion fragment of the primary radical ion pair. This results in the formation of the stable radical cation salt (PTA^·+X^–). The plot of k _q vs. free energy of electron transfer corresponds to the Rehm—Weller empirical equation for a one-electron process and is satisfactorily described in terms of the theory of nonradiative electron transitions in the approximation of one quantum vibration.     

Heteroorganic betaines. 7. Synthesis and structure of a germanium-containing organophosphorus betaine Et3P+—CHMe—GeMe2—S–

Germanium-containing organophosphorus betaine Et₃P⁺—CHMe—GeMe₂—S^– was synthesized by the reaction of hexamethylcyclotrigermatrithiane with Et₃P=CHMe. The structure of the betaine was established by X-ray diffraction analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In the crystal, the P⁺—C—Ge—S^– main chain of the molecule adopts a folded cis-gauche conformation due to strong Coulomb interactions between the anionic and cationic centers. The equilibrium geometry of the isolated molecule was calculated within the framework of the density functional theory (the PBE functional, the TZ2P basis set). The calculated geometric characteristics are in qualitative agreement with the X-ray data. The structure of the betaine is compared with the structure of its silicon-containing analog studied previously.     

Thermal transformations in systems based on zeolites Y,X, and A containing zinc and sodium nitrates

Thermal transformations in systems formed by interaction of Zn and Na nitrates with Y, X, and A zeolites were studied by TG—DTA technique. Temperature regions of existence of adsorbed water, water of crystallization, and decomposition of NO₃ ^– anion were determined. These intervals depend on the composition, structure, method of preparation, and pre-treatment conditions of zeolite systems. The extent of NO₃ ^– decomposition depends not only on the zinc and sodium content but also on the presence of ammonia involved in NO₃ ^– reduction. The zeolite matrix strongly stabilizes the occluded NO₃ ^– anions. A portion of zinc oxide formed by zinc nitrate decomposition is probably localized inside the zeolite cavities as the [Zn—O—(ZnO) _n —Zn]²⁺ particles. The latter compensate charges of the isolated [AlO₄]^– tetrahedra.     

Crown compounds for anions. Sandwich complex of cyclic trimeric perfluoro-o-phenylenemercury with [B12H11SCN]2– anion

The reaction of cyclic trimeric perfluoro-o-phenylenemercury (o-C₆F₄Hg)₃ (1) with the polyhedral [B₁₂H₁₁SCN]^2– anion in THF at 20 °C affords the {[(o-C₆F₄Hg)₃](B₁₂H₁₁SCN)}^2– (4) and {[(o-C₆F₄Hg)₃]₂(B₁₂H₁₁SCN)}^2– (5) complexes. Complex 5 was isolated as the tetrabutylammonium salt. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that this complex has a bent-sandwich structure in which the [B₁₂H₁₁SCN]^2– anion is located between the planes of two molecules 1 and is coordinated to both these molecules through B—H—Hg bridges and S—Hg bonds. The stability constants of complexes 4 and 5 in THF (20 °C), which were determined from the IR spectroscopic data, are 16 L mol^–1 and 992 L² mol^–2, respectively.     

Heterocomplexes in liquid mixtures MeOH—HF

The IR spectra and densities of MeOH—HF liquid mixtures were measured for component molar ratios ranging from 12 : 1 to 1 : 3. The IR spectra of all of the solutions exhibit bands with maxima at 3500, 2600, and 1800 cm^–1 and continuous absorption (CA) in the region of 3500—1300 cm^–1. The intensities of these bands and the CA increase with an increase in the HF concentration. A similar behavior was found for the difference between the experimental solution density and the additive sum of the solution component densities. Ab initio SCF calculations of the (MeOH)_5–n (HF) _n cyclic complexes (n = 0—5) were performed using the 6-31G basis set. The observed properties of MeOH—HF liquid mixtures may be due to the formation of heterocomplexes with a stable cyclic fragment consisting of more than four MeOH and HF molecules.     

Structural Features of Grafted Phosphates in Mesopores of Si-MCM-41 and Ti,Si-MCM-41 Molecular Sieves

We have used ³¹P NMR (MAS) and IR spectroscopy and also chemical analysis to show that when Si- and Ti,Si-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves are treated with phosphorus oxychloride, surface-anchored silicophosphate and titanophosphate compounds are formed of the type (Si—O) _x —{PO(OH)_3–x } and (Ti—O) _x —{PO(OH)_3–x } (x = 1, 2), and also compounds with the structure of titanium hydrophosphate and pyrophosphate.     

Influence of the linking chain length on the recombination kinetics of covalently bonded triplet radical pairs and magnetic field effects

Nanosecond laser flash photolysis technique is used to study the formation and decay kinetics of covalently linked triplet radical pairs (RP) formed after photoinduced electron transfer in the series of 21 zinc porphyrin—chain—viologen (Pph—Sp_n—Vi²⁺) dyads, where the number of atoms (n) in the chain increases from 2 to 138. In poorly viscous polar solvents (acetone, CHCl₃—CH₃OH (1 : 1) mixture), the dependence of the rate constant of RP formation on n can be described by the equation k _e = k _e ⁰ n ^–a at k _e ⁰ = 2.95·10⁸ s^–1 anda = 0.8. In the zero magnetic field, the RP recombination rate constant (k _r(B = 0)) is significantly lower than k _e and ranges from 0.7·10⁶ to 8·10⁶ s^–1. The dependence of k _r(B = 0) on n is extreme. The dependence k _r(B = 0) reaches a maximum at n = 20. In the strong magnetic field (B = 0.21 T), the significant retardation of triplet RP recombination is observed. The chain length has an insignificant effect on k _r(B = 0.21 T), which ranges from 0.3·10⁶ to 0.9·10⁶ s^–1. The regularities found are discussed in terms of the interplay of molecular and spin dynamics.     

Extraktion von Lanthaniden aus Rhodanidlösungen mit Aliquat-336-rhodanid in Benzol

The extraction of Pr, Eu and Yb from a solution of NH₄SCN at pH<2 with a solution of Aliquat-336—SCN in benzene has been investigated. The formation of the following kinds of extractable complexes in dependence of NH₄SCN and H₂SO₄ was established: [Ln(SCN)₄]^–1, [Ln(SCN)₅]^–2, [Ln(SCN)₆]^–3.

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Molecular structure,conformational mobility,vibrational spectra,and thermochemistry of peroxyacetic acid: an ab initio and density functional study

The structure of the peroxyacetic acid (PAA) molecule and its conformational mobility under rotation about the peroxide bond was studied by ab initio and density functional methods. The free rotation is hindered by the trans-barrier of height 22.3 kJ mol^–1. The equilibrium molecular structure of AcOOH (C _s symmetry) is a result of intramolecular hydrogen bond. The high energy of hydrogen bonding (46 kJ mol^–1 according to natural bonding orbital analysis) hampers formation of intermolecular associates of AcOOH in the gas and liquid phases. The standard enthalpies of formation for AcOOH (–353.2 kJ mol^–1) and products of radical decomposition of the peroxide — AcO^· (–190.2 kJ mol^–1) and AcOO^· (–153.4 kJ mol^–1) — were determined by the G2 and G2(MP2) composite methods. The O—H and O—O bonds in the PAA molecule (bond energies are 417.8 and 202.3 kJ mol^–1, respectively) are much stronger than in alkyl hydroperoxide molecules. This provides an explanation for substantial contribution of non-radical channels of the decomposition of peroxyacetic acid. The electron density distribution and gas-phase acidity of PAA were determined. The transition states of the ethylene and cyclohexene epoxidation reactions were located (E _a = 71.7 and 50.9 kJ mol^–1 respectively).     

Corumdephine — A new alkaloid fromDelphinium corumbosum

The epigeal part ofDelphinium corumbosum Rgl., collected in the flowering phase in the environs of Pokatilovka (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau) has yielded — in addition to the known alkaloids methyllycaconitine, lycoctonine, delcorine, deoxydelcorine, delcoridine, dehydrodelcorine, dephatine, browniine, dictysine, and dictysine acetonide — a new diterpene alkaloid with the composition C₂₅H₃₉NO₆ (I), which has been called corumdephine. The structure of corumdephine has been established on the basis of a passage from (I) to deoxydelcorine and spectral characteristics.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 95–98, January–February, 1985.     

Lactones ofFerula gigantea

The following substances have been isolated from an acetone extract ofFerula gigantea B. Fedtsch.: a coumarin — umbelliferone, C₉H₆O₂, mp 230–233°C; and sesquiterpene lactones — talassin A, C₂₅H₃₀O₇, mp 188–191°C; malaphyllinin, C₂₄H₂₄O₇, mp 231–235°C; malaphyll, C₂₉H₃₂O₉, mp 212–213°C; and malaphyllin, C₂₆H₂₈O₉, mp 216–218°C. Structures have been proposed for three new sesquiterpene lactones on the basis of an analysis of their spectral characteristics.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Botanical Garden, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 490–495, July–August, 1979.     

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Systeme Titan—Chrom—Stickstoff,Zirkonium—Chrom—Stickstoff und Hafnium—Chrom—Stickstoff

Zusammenfassung Das ternäre System Ti–Cr–N wurde bei 1000° C und 1200° C mit Hilfe von metallographischen und röntgenographischen Methoden untersucht. Die Mononitride TiN und CrN bilden eine lückenlose Reihe von Mischkristallen; dieVegardsche Kurve weicht schwach negativ von der Geraden ab. Es konnte keine ternäre Verbindung gefunden werden. Für 1000° C wird ein Vorschlag für einen isothermen Schnitt durch das System Ti–Cr–N entworfen.Die Untersuchungen in den Systemen Zr–Cr–N und Hf–Cr–N beschränkten sich auf den Bereich der pseudobinären Schnitte ZrN/CrN und HfN/CrN. Um die Stabilität des weniger stabilen CrN sicherzustellen, wurden bei den Versuchstemperaturen folgende Stickstoffdruck-Bedingungen gewählt: 1 at N₂ bei 1000° C, 30 at N₂ bei 1200° C und 250 at N₂ bei 1400° C.Die isotypen Phasen ZrN und CrN zeigen eine Mischungslücke; aus dem Temperaturverlauf der Mischungslücke kann angenommen werden, daß sie sich bei 1440° C und 50 Mol% ZrN schließt.Im pseudobinären System HfN–CrN konnte im untersuchten Temperaturbereich lückenlose Mischbarkeit zwischen den Komponenten festgestellt werden. Eine Entmischung tritt, wenn überhaupt, nur bei Temperaturen unterhalb 1000° C auf. DieVegardkurve der Gitterparameter der Mischkristalle zeigt eine schwach positive Abweichung von der Geraden.

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About the ternary systems titanium—chromium—nitrogen, zirconium—chromium—nitrogen and hafnium—chromium—nitrogen

The ternary system Ti–Cr–N has been investigated by X-ray powder technique and by metallographic methods in two isothermic sections at 1000° C and 1200° C. The isotypic mononitrides TiN and CrN form a complete series of solid solutions, theVegard's curve shows a slight negative deviation from linearity. No ternary compound could be observed. A tentative phase diagram for an isothermic section at 1000° C is given.Investigation of the systems Zr–Cr–N and Hf–Cr–N was restricted to the pseudobinary sections ZrN–CrN and HfN–CrN. To ensure the stability of the less stable component (CrN) the following pressure conditions were chosen: 1 atm N₂ at 1000° C, 30 atm N₂ at 1200° C, 250 atm N₂ at 1400° C. The isotypic compounds ZrN and CrN exhibit a miscibility gap, which diminishes with increasing temperature. The cirtical point can be estimated to be at 1440° C and 50 mol% ZrN. In the pseudobinary system HfN–CrN a complete series of solid solutions could be observed. A miscibility gap should occur, if ever, at temperatures below 1000° C.Vegard's curve for the lattice parameters of the solid solutions (Hf, Cr)N shows a slight positive deviation from linearity.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Nowotny gewidmet.

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Auszug aus der von der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften der T. H. Wien approbierten Doktor-Dissertation des Herrn Dipl.-Ing.F. Petter.     

The structure of feterin — A new terpenoid coumarin fromFerula teterrima

Summary From the roots ofFerula teterrima Kar. et Kir. a new terpenoid coumarin — feterin — has been isolated with the formula C₂₆H₃₂O₆, mp 155–158°C, [] _D ^2° -52.02° (chloroform), M⁺ 440, the structure and relative configuration of which have been established with the aid of the INDOR method and on the basis of a study of the PMR spectra in the presence of the paramagnetic shift reagent Eu(DMP)₃.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 318–322, May–June, 1978.