Spring constant modulation in a zone plate tweezer using linear polarization

At large NAs a micro-Fresnel zone plate produces a focal spot that is more elliptical than that produced by an objective lens with the same NA. Using this anisotropy we demonstrate a method for modulating the spring constant of an optical trap by rotating the linear input polarization. The focal spot ellipticity is enhanced by the apodization factor of the zone plate and its extremely high NA. By measuring the positions of trapped particles we obtain two-dimensional histograms of particle position. These indicate that the trap spring constant is 2.75 times larger perpendicular to the incident polarization than along it. The elliptical focal spot distribution can be rotated by rotating the incident polarization, allowing the spring constant along a given direction to be modulated.     

Polarization switch in an elliptical micropillar – quantum dot system induced by a magnetic field in Faraday configuration

In this paper we study the effect of applying a magnetic field on an elliptical microcavity pillar with quantum dots embedded, in the presence of external laser excitation. To obtain the system dynamics we use the matrix density formalism, taking into account realistic parameters and including losses. Our results show that it is possible to use the magnetic field strength to control the polarization of the photons inside the cavity, making our system behave like a photon polarization switch. We also report the best set of parameters where this is possible. Our results also indicate that we can use the polarization of the cavity photons to look into the fine structure of the energy levels of quantum dots.     

椭圆高斯光束在单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输特性

基于光束在各向异性介质中的傍轴矢量传输理论,导出了椭圆高斯光束在各向异性单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输公式,并利用此解析式进行数值计算和分析,研究了各向异性介质对x方向偏振的椭圆高斯光束偏振特性的影响. 研究表明,晶体的各向异性对光束的偏振和对称性有较大影响. 关键词： 椭圆高斯光束 单轴晶体 各向异性 传输     

椭圆空气孔微结构光纤限制损耗的分析

以完美匹配层为边界条件,用复有限元法分析了椭圆空气孔三角形微结构光纤中基模的限制损耗.数值结果表明: 当孔间距,空气填充率和空气孔环数增大时,基模的限制损耗减小.从计算结果还可以得出:限制损耗与基模的偏振有关,随着孔间距,空气填充率和孔的椭圆率的增大,y偏振模与x偏振模的限制损耗比也增大.最后,提出了两种可实现光单偏振,单模传输的高非线性微结构光纤. 关键词： 微结构光纤 限制损耗 复有限元法 完美匹配层     

各向异性介质中的椭圆空间光孤子特性

对矩形铅玻璃中椭圆孤子的形成进行了理论研究,在理论模型中引入各向异性衍射效应.采用变分法,得到了强非局域线性各向异性椭圆孤子的变分解.结果表明,各向异性衍射效应对椭圆孤子的形成有很大的影响.为了验证变分解的正确性,采用牛顿迭代法算出强非局域线性各向异性椭圆孤子的数值解,变分解和数值解符合得很好.     

Polarization properties of rectangular lattice photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, polarization properties and propagation characteristics of rectangular lattice photonic crystal fibers with elliptical air-holes are investigated by using the full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. Numerical results show that the birefringence of the fiber is induced by asymmetries of the cladding. Moreover, by adjusting its structure parameters, such as the hole pitch Λ, and the air-hole elliptical rate η, we find the optimized design parameters of the fiber with high birefringence (the order of 10⁻²) and limited polarization mode dispersion, operating in a single mode region at an appropriate wavelength range.     

偶氮苯聚合物全息光栅衍射效率和偏振特性研究

研究了不同偏振全息模式下基于交联偶氮苯聚合物薄膜的相位光栅的形成机理、衍射效率和偏振特性.利用琼斯矢量表征了正交线偏振(SP)和半行线偏振(SS)干涉模式下的偏振干涉场.基于SP和SS两种模式,制作了无明显表成起伏的纯折射率光栅和有表面起伏的浮雕光栅.偏光显微镜(POM)观测说明纯折射率光栅具有周期性的折射率分布;近场光学显微镜(SNOM)探测说明纯折射率光栅和浮雕光栅的表而起伏在5 nm以下和 85.23 nm.实验表明.当探测光为水平偏振时,纯折射率光栅的衍射效率达到22.2%.浮雕光栅只能达到1.65%.纯折射率光栅的0、 1级衍射光分别为水平和竖直线偏振光,偏振度达到0.9969和0.9963;浮雕光栅的0, 1级衍射光均为水平线偏振光.     

Polarization anisotropy of exciton in self-assembled elliptical InP/InGaP quantum dots

Optical anisotropy of self-assembled elliptical InP quantum dots has been investigated in terms of the polarization dependence of excitons. Although large size inhomogeneity is present, two kinds of characteristic quantum dots, which are classified into large and small quantum dots, were found in terms of the polarization anisotropy. We have confirmed that the large quantum dots are more pronounced in the polarization anisotropy, where the degree of linear polarization for the large quantum dots is significantly larger (∼60%) than that for the small ones (∼36%). The effective shape of quantum dots is also estimated by using the size dependence of oscillator strength, which is in agreement with the AFM image. We also suggest that the anisotropy of exciton oscillator strength can be modified via the dipole–dipole interaction between nearest exciton dipoles.     

Linearly polarized, single-mode spontaneous emission in a photonic nanowire

We introduce dielectric elliptical photonic nanowires to funnel efficiently the spontaneous emission of an embedded emitter into a single optical mode. Inside a wire with a moderate lateral aspect ratio, the electromagnetic environment is largely dominated by a single guided mode, with a linear polarization oriented along the ellipse major axis. The resulting monomode spontaneous emission is maintained over a broad wavelength range, a key asset of this 1D photonic structure. Our theoretical analysis is completed by an experimental study of GaAs elliptical photonic wires with embedded InAs quantum dots. In particular, the fraction of collected photons with the desired linear polarization can exceed 95%.     

A semi-skyrmions-based oscillator in elliptical nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy

Magnetic skyrmions have been proved to be applicable to spin torque nano-oscillator. In this paper, we show dynamics of magnetic skyrmions in elliptical spin-valve nanopillar with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) free layer and spin polarizer by using micromagnetic simulation. A novel semi-skyrmions-based oscillation mode with GHz frequencies appears in this geometry. We find that the mode frequencies strongly depend on the in-plane dimension of the elliptical nanopillar. The fitting function between the mode frequency and the perimeter of the ellipse is obtained. Simulation results also show that the exchange constant and the temperature effect have great influence on the mode frequency.     

Gaussian Fitting Parameters of the ESA PLANCK HFI Beams

We present Gaussian fitting parameters of simulated beams of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) of the ESA PLANCK mission. This space probe is designed for measuring the anisotropy of temperature and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The six HFI spectral bands cover the frequency range 0.1 - 1 THz with 52 bolometers. Their beams are computed by multi-mode physical optics propagation of the source field from the apertures of the horns simulated by the scattering matrix approach. Computed power patterns are fitted by the elliptical Gaussian beams minimizing the peak difference between the two power distributions within the beam. This approximation is generally considered as acceptable from the scientific viewpoint, although we show that induced errors are far from negligible.     

椭偏技术研究肌纤维运动分子动力学

肌肉细胞即肌纤维,含大量纵向排列的肌原纤维,由粗肌丝和细肌丝(主要成分是肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白分子)组成的肌原纤维具有特征性的带状结构,呈各向异性,伸缩时具有变化的双折射性.线偏振光通过肌纤维,会退偏为椭偏光,根据退偏的程度,可以研究肌纤维结构的变化.     

基于菌紫质薄膜的相移器及其应用

设计了一种基于菌紫质光致各向异性的相移器,并把它用于相移干涉计量。取向随机分布的极性菌紫质分子对线偏振诱导光的选择性吸收导致分子取向分布不均匀,使其呈现宏观的各向异性,这种各向异性与诱导光的偏振特性密切相关,圆偏振光经过各向异性的菌紫质薄膜后,出射光的偏振特性完全由偏振诱导光决定。基于上述原理设计了一种新型的相移器,用琼斯矩阵法推导了基于相移器的相移干涉原理。该相移器在工作过程中不需要移动Mach-Zender干涉仪内部的任何器件,仅需要改变外部控制光路中诱导光的偏振取向就可以控制参考光的相位,有助于提高设备的抗振能力。用最小二乘法对相移干涉结果进行重建,得到了和实际相位一致的结果,验证了相移器的可行性。     

Polarization properties of elliptical core non-hexagonal symmetry polymer photonic crystal fibre

In this paper, polarization properties and propagation characteristics of polymer photonic crystal fibres with elliptical core and non-hexagonal symmetry structure are investigated by using the full vectorial plane wave method. The results show that the birefringence of the fibre is induced by asymmetries of both the cladding and the core. Moreover, by adjusting the non-symmetrical ratio factor of cladding $\eta$ from 0.4 to 1 in step 0.1, we find the optimized design parameters of the fibre with high birefringence and limited polarization mode dispersion, operating in a single mode regime at an appropriate wavelength range. The range of wavelength approaches the visible and near-infrared which is consistent with the communication windows of polymer optical fibres.     

基于开口椭圆环的高效超宽带极化旋转超表面

电磁波的极化态在信号传输和灵敏度测量中有非常重要的应用价值. 本文设计、仿真并实验验证了微波频段基于开口椭圆环谐振器的极化旋转超表面. 理论上, 将多阶表面等离子谐振和高阻抗表面相结合, 解释了多谐振点、高效率极化旋转的物理机理. 数值上, 通过对结构参数的仿真分析, 给出了运用开口椭圆环结构设计多频段、超宽带高效极化旋转超表面的方法. 所设计和制作的超表面能够在相对带宽104.5%的频率范围内实现大于85%的极化旋转效率. 这些工作将为极化操控超表面的设计和应用提供重要帮助.     

Theory of multiphoton and tunnel ionization in a bichromatic field

The imaginary-time method [6, 7] is used to calculate the multiphoton and tunnel ionization probabilities for atoms in a laser radiation field part of which is converted into the second harmonic. We assume that the first harmonic has a linear or elliptical polarization and the second harmonic is polarized linearly, with its polarization vector making an arbitrary angle with that of the first harmonic. The mean momentum of the photoelectrons knocked out from atoms is shown to depend on the phase shift between the first and second harmonics and their mutual polarization and to be identically equal to zero for a monochromatic field. An important difference between the case of elliptical polarization and the case of linear polarization of both harmonics is the absence of conditions under which the conditions for dominance of one of the two generation mechanisms considered here can be identified during the generation of terahertz radiation from the region of optical breakdown in a gas.     

加绕变升角宽频带椭圆螺旋天线

 椭圆螺旋天线的结构比传统的圆柱螺旋天线更加适合于卫星通信的终端,然而由于其圆极化特性变差而限制了其广泛应用。把改善轴向模螺旋天线辐射特性的两种方法结合起来应用于椭圆螺旋天线,提出了带有附加螺旋线的变升角轴向模椭圆螺旋天线。以一个5圈、短轴长轴之比为0.65的椭圆螺旋天线为例,用FEKO软件对其辐射特性进行了仿真。结果表明,这种方法提高了椭圆螺旋天线的方向性系数,同时具有较好的圆极化特性。在2.2~4.2 GHz频率范围内,最高增益为12.86 dB,比单绕均匀升角的椭圆螺旋天线提高了1.2 dB。     

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser transverse mode and polarization control by elliptical holes photonic crystal

The polarization of traditional photonic crystal (PC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is uncontrollable, resulting in the bit error increasing easily. Elliptical hole photonic crystal can control the transverse mode and polarization of VCSEL efficiently. We analyze the far field divergence angle, and birefringence of elliptical hole PC VCSEL. When the ratio of minor axis to major axis b/a=0.7, the PC VCSEL can obtain single mode and polarization. According to the simulation results, we fabricate the device successfully. The output power is 1.7 mW, the far field divergence angle is less than 10°, and the side mode suppression ratio is over 30 dB. The output power in the Y direction is 20 times that in the X direction.     

Design of a large effective mode area photonic crystal fiber with modified rings

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed that, through novel design, achieves an enhanced effective mode area. The PCF is composed of two concentric elliptical cores. The central core is un-doped silicon whilst the second, outer core region, is doped. The outer doped region is also bordered by lightly doped half ellipse segments. The effective mode area of the structure was calculated and compared with the mode area of conventional PCF's. Our results show that the mode area and chromatic dispersion are very sensitive to the geometry, dimensions and placement of the lightly doped segments. The chromatic dispersion, bend losses and the nonlinear coefficient are also numerically simulated and presented in this paper.     

基于椭圆偏振光注入垂直腔表面发射激光器的正交偏振模式单周期振荡产生两路光子微波

提出了基于椭圆偏振光注入下垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL)输出的正交偏振模式单周期(P1)振荡来同时获取两路光子微波的实现方案, 并进行了相关仿真研究. 结果表明: 在合适的参数条件下, 一个自由运行的VCSEL(定义为主VCSEL, M-VCSEL)可输出椭圆偏振光, 其X偏振分量和Y 偏振分量具有相同的激射频率; 将M-VCSEL输出的椭圆偏振光注入到另外一个VCSEL(定义为副VCSEL, S-VCSEL), 在给定主副VCSEL间频率失谐的条件下, 通过选择合适的注入强度可使S-VCSEL 中两个偏振分量均呈现单周期(P1)振荡, 从而可获得两正交的光子微波信号; 随着注入强度的增加, 光子微波的频率以及功率均呈现增加的趋势; 结合微波频率、功率以及输出光谱中第一边带和第二边带的幅度差在由注入强度和频率失谐所构成参数空间下的分布图, 可确定获取高品质微波信号的优化注入参数范围.