Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter

We derive an exact solution for a spherically symmetric Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). By treating the magnetic charge g and dark matter parameter \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document} as thermodynamic variables, we find that the first law of thermodynamics and the corresponding Smarr formula are satisfied. The thermodynamic stability of the black hole is also studied. The results show that there exists a critical radius \begin{document}$r_{+}^{C}$\end{document} where the heat capacity diverges, suggesting that the black hole is thermodynamically stable in the range \begin{document}$0<r_{+}<r_{+}^{C}$\end{document} . In addition, the critical radius \begin{document}$r_{+}^{C}$\end{document} increases with the magnetic charge g and decreases with the dark matter parameter \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document} . Applying the Newman-Janis algorithm, we generalize the spherically symmetric solution to the corresponding rotating black hole. With the metric at hand, the horizons and ergospheres are studied. It turns out that for a fixed dark matter parameter \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document} , in a certain range, with the increase of the rotation parameter a and magnetic charge g, the Cauchy horizon radius increases while the event horizon radius decreases. Finally, we investigate the energy extraction by the Penrose process in a rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by PFDM.     

Global monopole in general relativity

We consider the gravitational properties of a global monopole on the basis of the simplest Higgs scalar triplet model in general relativity. We begin with establishing some common features of hedgehog-type solutions with a regular center, independent of the choice of the symmetry-breaking potential. There are six types of qualitative behaviors of the solutions; we show, in particular, that the metric can contain at most one simple horizon. For the standard Mexican hat potential, the previously known properties of the solutions are confirmed and some new results are obtained. Thus, we show analytically that solutions with the monotonically growing Higgs field and finite energy in the static region exist only in the interval 1 < λ < 3, where λ is the squared energy of spontaneous symmetry breaking in Planck units. The cosmological properties of these globally regular solutions apparently favor the idea that the standard Big Bang might be replaced with a nonsingular static core and a horizon appearing as a result of some symmetry-breaking phase transition at the Planck energy scale. In addition to the monotonic solutions, we present and analyze a sequence of families of new solutions with the oscillating Higgs field. These families are parametrized by n, the number of knots of the Higgs field, and exist for λ < γ_n=6/[(2n + 1)(n + 2)]; all such solutions possess a horizon and a singularity beyond it.     

Cloaking matter waves around a Dirac monopole

In this Letter we study the quantum cloaking of a charged particle interacting with the field of a magnetic monopole. It is shown that the matter wave of the quantum particle can be perfectly cloaked and guided by the quantum cloak of free particles.     

Thermodynamic effects of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter under general uncertainty principle

The thermodynamics of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter is investigated. We calculate the analytical expresses of corresponding thermodynamic variables, e.g., the Hawking temperature, entropy of the black hole. In addition, we derive the heat capacity to analyze the thermal stability of the black hole. We also compute the rate of emission in terms of photons through tunneling. By numerical method, an obvious phase transition behavior is found. Furthermore, according to the general uncertainty principle, we study the quantum corrections to these thermodynamic quantities and obtain the quantum-corrected entropy containing the logarithmic term. Lastly, we investigate the effects of the magnetic charge g, the dark matter parameter k and the generalized uncertainty principle parameter α on the thermodynamics of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter under general uncertainty principle.     

Thermodynamics phase transition and Hawking radiation of the Schwarzschild black hole with quintessence-like matter and a deficit solid angle

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics and Hawking radiation of Schwarzschild black hole with quintessence-like matter and deficit solid angle. From the metric of the black hole, we derive the expressions of temperature and specific heat using the laws of black hole thermodynamics. Using the null geodesics method and Parikh–Wilczeck tunneling method, we derive the expressions of Boltzmann factor and the change of Bekenstein–Hawking entropy for the black hole. The behaviors of the temperature, specific heat, Boltzmann factor and the change of Bekenstein entropy versus the deficit solid angle (\(\epsilon ^{2}\)) and the density of static spherically symmetric quintessence-like matter (\(\rho _{0}\)) were explicitly plotted. The results show that, when the deficit solid angle (\(\epsilon ^{2}\)) and the density of static spherically symmetric quintessence-like matter at \(r=1\) (\(\rho _{0}\)) vanish \((\rho _{0}=\epsilon =0)\), these four thermodynamics quantities are reduced to those obtained for the simple case of Schwarzschild black hole. For low entropies, the presence of quintessence-like matter induces a first order phase transition of the black hole and for the higher values of the entropies, we observe the second order phase transition. When increasing \(\rho _{0}\), the transition points are shifted to lower entropies. The same thing is observed when increasing \(\epsilon ^{2}\). In the absence of quintessence-like matter (\(\rho _{0}=0\)), these transition phenomena disappear. Moreover the rate of radiation decreases when increasing \(\rho _{0}\) or \((\epsilon ^2)\).     

Kinematic dynamos surrounded by a stationary conductor

We investigate kinematic dynamos in cylinders and spheres surrounded by an insulator. The flow volume is divided into an inner region, in which the conducting fluid is in motion, and an outer region enclosing the inner one, in which the conductor is at rest. The dependence of the critical magnetic Reynolds number on the thickness of the outer conducting shell is discussed as well as implications for the design of experimental dynamos.     

Vibration of piezoelectric elements surrounded by fluid media

In this paper we analyse vibrational characteristics of piezoceramic shells surrounded by acoustic media. Main results are presented for radially polarized piezoceramic PZT5 elements of hollow cylindrical shapes. The coupling in the radial direction between the solid and the acoustic media is accounted for indirectly, via impedance boundary conditions. The model based on such impedance boundary condition approximations offers a robust simplified alternative to a full scale fluid-solid interaction modelling. By using this model, we analyse numerically the influence of the boundary conditions imposed in the axial direction for long, medium, and short (disk-like) piezoceramic elements.     

Thermodynamic stability of black holes surrounded by quintessence

We study the thermodynamic stabilities of uncharged and charged black holes surrounded by quintessence (BHQ) by means of effective thermodynamic quantities. When the state parameter of quintessence \(\omega _q\) is appropriately chosen, the structures of BHQ are something like that of black holes in de Sitter space. Constructing the effective first law of thermodynamics in two different ways, we can derive the effective thermodynamic quantities of BHQ. Especially, these effective thermodynamic quantities also satisfy Smarr-like formulae. It is found that the uncharged BHQ is always thermodynamically unstable due to negative heat capacity, while for the charged BHQ there are phase transitions of the second order. We also show that there are several differences on the thermodynamic properties and critical behaviors of BHQ between the two ways we employed.     

Possibility of quark maintenance by a monopole

The behavior of a quark in a monopole-type field is studied, the field being the solution of the equations of motion of a classical field for nonlinear effective Lagrangian in the IR region. The Dirac equation (at J = 0) in this field can be transformed to a supersymmetric form (in the energy ground state, equal to zero, which leads to the possibility of quark maintenance). The solution of the classical Wong equations in the monopole field is considered and the quantities which are conserved are determined.Translated from Izvestiya Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 36–41, June, 1989.     

Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence: null geodesics

We have studied the null geodesics of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence matter. Quintessence matter is a candidate for dark energy. Here, we have done a detailed analysis of the geodesics and exact solutions are presented in terms of Jacobi-elliptic integrals for all possible energy and angular momentum of the photons. The circular orbits of the photons are studied in detail. As an application of the null geodesics, the angle of deflection of the photons are computed.     

Cherenkov magnon excitations by a sub-relativistic magnetic monopole

A magnetic monopole moving faster than the magnon phase velocity in a given magnetic medium will create a magnon Cherenkov radiation in this medium. Typical velocities of interest are in the ～10^?4c range. In this range most non-induction detection mechanisms are inefficient.     

Coulomb scattering of an electron by a monopole

The Coulomb scattering of an electron by a magnetic monopole is analyzed using a lowest-order quantum perturbation approximation suggested by a two-potential Lagrangian form for classical electromagnetism, generalized through the use of spacetime algebra to include magnetic monopoles. Good agreement with existing conventional analyses of this problem is demonstrated.1. Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.2. The idea to employ spacetime algebra (sometimes called Dirac algebra) to incorporate magnetic monopoles into classical electromagnetic theory was proposed by de Faria-Rosaet al. [3].3. This is a factori difference between the definition of 5 by Eq. (3) and that by Bjorken and Drell [6]. Since a cross section (without interference terms) is being calculated, we can ignore this distinction.     

Monopoles connected by strings and the monopole problem

To clarify the status of proposed causality arguments limiting the annihilation rate of monopoles, we present a three-dimensional model for the formation of monopoles connected by strings. The length distribution of the strings has been found using a Monte carlo simulation of the phase transition. The result is that long strings connecting monopoles are exponentially suppressed in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Mitchell and Turok [1]. The implications of our results for the monopole problem are discussed.     

Cherenkov emission of magnons by a slow monopole

The energy losses due to Cherenkov emission of magnons during the interaction of a slow heavy monopole with magnetically ordered media are discussed.     

Supermembrane monopole vacua

The supermembrane classical solutions with non-trivial circle bundles, i.e. supermembrane monopole vacua, are derived. The hamiltonian of the fermion fluctuations about the monopole vacuum configuration is weakly hermitian, in contrast with the same problem in QED. The electrically charged and dyon analogues to the monopole vacua are also discussed.     

A three dimensional dark focal spot uniformly surrounded by light

A new technique is proposed for generating a tight dark focal spot surrounded by uniform light intensity in all directions. It is based on a single focusing lens illuminated from one side, hence the alignment sensitivities associated with 4π methods are eliminated. Such a beam can be useful, e.g. as a dark atomic trap, and as the erase beam in three dimensional super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.     

弹性结构封闭空间有源消声

本文研究了外力激励弹性结构条件下封闭空间有源消声问题。首先根据声弹性理论,提出分步代入法求解初、次级声场,然后以矩形空间为例,研究了不同介质条件下有源消声规律。结果表明:对于弹性结构封闭空间有源消声,当结构一声腔耦合较弱时,次级声源基本上只能抵消声腔模态;当结构一声腔耦合较强时,次级声源不仅能抵消声腔模态,而且对抵消与声腔模态耦合良好的结构模态辐射声也有作用。最后,以有限长圆柱封闭空间为模型,完成了结构受点力激励,腔内为空气介质和水介质条件下的单次级声源有源消声实验。验证了理论结果。