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In this paper, poly(amide-6-b-ethylene oxide) (Pebax1657)/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by solvent-evaporation method with acetic acid as a novel solvent. CO2, N2, CH4 and H2 permeation properties were investigated, and the physical properties of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs were characterized by XRD and SEM. At low SAPO-34 content, it was homogeneously distributed in the Pebax ma- trix, and then precipitated and agglomerated at high SAPO-34 content. The crystallinity of Pebax phase in Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs decreased initially and then rebounded as a result of phase separation. With the increase of transmembrane pressure difference, CO2 permeability was en- hanced due to the effect of pressure-induced plasticization. Owing to the happening of stratification, the CO2 permeability of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs (50 wt% SAPO-34) increased to 338 Barrer from 111 Barrer of pristine Pebax, while the selectivities of CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 were almost unchanged. Compared with the pristine Pebax, the gas separation performances of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs were remarkably enhanced. 相似文献
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《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2014,23(2):227-234
In this paper, poly(amide-6-b-ethylene oxide) (Pebax1657)/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by solvent-evaporation method with acetic acid as a novel solvent. CO2, N2, CH4 and H2 permeation properties were investigated, and the physical properties of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs were characterized by XRD and SEM. At low SAPO-34 content, it was homogeneously distributed in the Pebax matrix, and then precipitated and agglomerated at high SAPO-34 content. The crystallinity of Pebax phase in Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs decreased initially and then rebounded as a result of phase separation. With the increase of transmembrane pressure difference, CO2 permeability was enhanced due to the effect of pressure-induced plasticization. Owing to the happening of stratification, the CO2 permeability of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs (50 wt% SAPO-34) increased to 338 Barrer from 111 Barrer of pristine Pebax, while the selectivities of CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 were almost unchanged. Compared with the pristine Pebax, the gas separation performances of Pebax/SAPO-34 MMMs were remarkably enhanced. 相似文献
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Wenhe Yu Prof. Xiaowen Wu Bohao Cheng Dr. Tianyi Tao Dr. Xin Min Dr. Ruiyu Mi Prof. Zhaohui Huang Prof. Minghao Fang Prof. Yangai Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(11):e202102787
Silicoaluminophosphate zeolite (SAPO-34) has been attracting increasing attention due to its excellent form selection and controllability in the chemical industry, as well as being one of the best industrial catalysts for methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction conversion. However, as a microporous molecular sieve, SAPO-34 easily generates carbon deposition and rapidly becomes inactivated. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the crystal size of the zeolite or to introduce secondary macropores into the zeolite crystal to form a hierarchical structure in order to improve the catalytic effect. In this review, the synthesis methods of conventional SAPO-34 molecular sieves, hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieves and nanosized SAPO-34 molecular sieves are introduced, and the properties of the synthesized SAPO-34 molecular sieves are described, including the phase, morphology, pore structure, acid source, and catalytic performance, in particular with respect to the synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieves. We hope that the review can provide guidance to the preparation of the SAPO-34 catalysts, and stimulate the future development of high-performance hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts to meet the growing demands of the material and chemical industries. 相似文献
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硅铝分子筛SSZ-13和硅磷铝分子筛SAPO-34已广泛应用于已商业化的催化应用中, 如甲醇制烯烃反应(MTO)和氨气选择性催化还原反应(NH3-SCR). 目前, 已有多种商业化的有机结构导向剂(OSDA)可用于制备 SAPO-34, 而用于合成SSZ-13的OSDA仍主要依赖经典的N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵(TMAdaOH). 因此, 寻找具有较高性价比且可导向合成高硅铝比(SAR)SSZ-13的OSDAs具有重要意义. 本文使用3种可制备SAPO-34的OSDAs[二异丙胺(DIPA)、 二丙胺(DPA)、 正丁胺(nBA)]替代部分TMAdaOH, 发现即使不加入晶种也可合成出SSZ-13. 采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和固体核磁共振(ss-NMR)分析方法对制备的SSZ-13进行了系统研究. 结果显示, 所合成的具有可调变SARs的SSZ-13负载Cu之后, 在NH3-SCR性能上与商业化催化剂相当. 此外, 通过研究DIPA和TMAdaOH合成SSZ-13的晶化机理发现, DIPA的加入可以加快结晶过程、 提高产率并防止非晶相的形成. 本文提出的观点可为寻找更高效和商业化的SSZ-13结构导向剂及合成具有特定性质的SSZ-13提供参考. 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法分别制备了Y_2O_3,La_2O_3和Ce O_2改性的Cu O-Zn O-Zr O_2,表征结果表明,稀土改性的Cu O-Zn O-Zr O_2分散性良好,比表面积增大.将稀土改性的Cu O-Zn O-Zr O_2与SAPO-34分子筛机械混合用于催化CO_2加氢一步法合成了低碳烯烃,在反应温度400℃,压力3 MPa,空速为1800 m L·g~(-1)_(cat)·h~(-1),氢碳体积比为3∶1,Ce O_2改性Cu O-Zn O-Zr O_2与SAPO-34质量比为1∶1,催化剂用量为1.0 g时,CO_2的单程转化率为54.6%,低碳烯烃的选择性和产率分别为51.1%和27.9%. 相似文献
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SAPO-34分子筛的合成及甲醇制烯烃催化性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以三乙胺为模版剂,系统研究了合成凝胶中硅含量、磷酸含量以及水含量对SAPO-34分子筛晶化及其MTO催化性能的影响,Si对SAPO-34的形成具有结构导向作用,只有当SiO2/Al2O3 ≥ 0.25时才可以得到纯相SAPO-34分子筛. 然而随着凝胶中Si含量增大,合成样品中出现氧化铝物种,结晶度、比表面积逐渐下降,催化稳定性降低. 进一步研究发现,凝胶P2O5/Al2O3和H2O/Al2O3比对SAPO-34的合成和催化性能也有很大影响. 当P2O5/Al2O3=1.1,H2O/Al2O3=36时,合成样品具有较高的比表面积、较为理想的(P+Si)/Al比和适宜的酸性,单程寿命达到520 min. 在此基础上研究了焙烧条件对SAPO-34分子筛催化性能的影响,结果表明SAPO-34在流动的空气气氛中焙烧8 h得到的样品比焙烧10 h的样品残留了更多的模版剂,且部分残留的模版剂以二烯烃的形式存在,催化寿命明显比焙烧10 h的样品长,达到580 min. 相似文献
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甲醇制烯烃(MTO)是典型的自催化过程,包含诱导期反应.在诱导期反应中,甲醇转化生成的烃池物种在分子筛催化剂上积累,形成含有活性中心的烃池,从而进一步促进和加快更多烃池物种的生成.作为MTO反应的活性中间体,研究分子筛上烃池物种及其演变,对于理解MTO反应机理以及C1化学中第一个C-C键的生成具有重要意义.本文采用SAPO-34分子筛催化剂,对较低温度下流化床反应器中MTO诱导期反应进行研究,获得了诱导期反应的数据.通过HF溶解分子筛骨架的方法,检测各阶段存留在SAPO-34分子筛催化剂中的有机物种,分析了分子筛催化剂上烃池物种的积累和演变、烃池的形成以及烃池物种与催化剂失活之间的关系,并结合诱导期反应数据进一步讨论了MTO诱导期反应的动力学.研究发现,与ZSM-5分子筛类似,SAPO-34分子筛上的MTO诱导期反应对温度非常敏感.诱导期证实可分为三个反应阶段:初始反应阶段(最初C-C键生成阶段)、第二阶段(烃池物种的生成和积累阶段)及第三阶段(自催化反应阶段).这表明SAPO-34分子筛上MTO反应中烃池机理的重要性.然而,由于烃池物种和烃池机理的复杂性,在缺乏动力学研究的情况下,很难将诱导期反应三个阶段与反应机理进行明确的关联.因此,我们分别讨论了诱导期反应三个阶段的动力学,并计算了各阶段的表观活化能.动力学研究表明,与ZSM-5不同的是,在SAPO-34上的MTO诱导期反应中,初始反应阶段表观活化能较低,反应进行相对容易;而自催化反应阶段的活化能较高,反应进行相对困难.这主要是SAPO-34与ZSM-5分子筛的结构差异所致.SAPO-34分子筛因具有CHA结构而导致的扩散限制和空间约束,使得在第一阶段初始活性物种的生成和积累相对容易;但是在自催化反应阶段,不具活性的金刚烷类物质开始生成,并随着反应的进行在所有积碳物种所占的比例逐渐升高,导致其在自催化反应阶段(第三阶段)的活化能高于烃池物种的生成和积累阶段(第二阶段).对于HZSM-5催化剂上的MTO诱导期反应,由于MFI结构所产生的扩散限制和空间约束低于CHA结构,在第一阶段初始活性物种的积累相对困难,导致其初始阶段的表观活化能高于SAPO-34催化剂;但是随着反应的进行,活性物种在HZSM-5催化剂上不断积累,导致自催化反应阶段的进行相对比较容易.然而,对于SAPO-34分子筛上MTO诱导期反应,随着反应时间的推移,催化剂上积累的活性物种和非活性物种同时增多,而且由于SAPO-34结构特点而引起的扩散限制,大部分物种均保留在SAPO-34分子筛的笼中.分子筛中活性物种能提高反应活性,相应地,非活性物种则会抑制反应活性.因此,SAPO-34分子筛上甲醇转化诱导期反应活化能反映的是活性物种和非活性物种之间的竞争关系. 相似文献
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以TPOAC和硅溶胶为硅源,合成了多级孔SAPO-34分子筛,总比表面积达到649 m2·g-1。详细考察了TPOAC和硅溶胶的配比对多级孔SAPO-34外比表面的影响,通过XRD、BET、SEM、NH3-TPD等对其结构进行表征,结果表明多级孔SAPO-34的外比表面积可调变,晶体外观有较多缺陷位置,弱酸量减少,强酸位有变弱的趋势。在TPOAC与硅溶胶的投料比为3:2,晶化时间为10 d,投料比为nAl2O3:nP2O5:nSi:nTEAOH:nH2O=1:0.9:0.5:2:60时,合成的多级孔SAPO-34的外比表面积达到最大,为100 m2·g-1。 相似文献
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制备了100%SAPO-34,30%SAPO-34和介孔-SAPO-34三种不同类型的SAPO-34分子筛催化剂,并采用氮吸附、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征.三种催化剂的微孔结构、比表面积和总酸最近似,但具有不同的催化剂组成和次级结构.以1-己烯裂解为模型反应考察了三种催化剂的催化活性.对于30%SAPO-34催化剂,由于添加了粘结剂.其外表面酸性和扩散性能下降,导致催化活性降低:100%SAPO-34催化剂则具有较好的催化性能:介孔 SAPO-34催化剂次级结构的存在使其失活较慢,从而提高了原料的转化率.详细讨论了1-己烯催化裂解制丙烯的活性和选择性曲线,以进一步说明催化剂组成和结构的影响. 相似文献
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This study has been focused on the synthesis of GaAPSO-34s substituted gallium for aluminum in order to improve the acidic property in SAPO-34 crystal. As the result, GaAPSO-34s with various Al/Ga ratios (Al/Ga=∞, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 0) were successfully synthesized. These were characterized by XRD, SEM, ICP, TG-DTA, MAS-NMR, and BET surface areas. The crystallinity identified from the intensity of XRD peak (for angles of 22.5° and 9.7°) and the particle size observed from SEM photographs decreased with an increase in the Ga content incorporated into the SAPO-34 framework. On the other hand, decrease in the acid sites in crystal as a target in this study was confirmed in the Ga-incorporated samples. In particular, a surprising result was that the selectivity to ethylene on methanol conversion increased in catalyst with Al/Ga=20 compared with pure SAPO-34 catalyst. However, in spite of the decreases in acid sites and particle size in catalyst with much more Ga content, the selectivity to ethylene was not enhanced, rather the methane which related to catalytic deactivation increased in GaAPSO-34 catalysts. This is ascribed to collapses of framework of SAPO-34 with an increase in Ga content. 相似文献
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用氟化氢-三乙胺复合模板剂合成SAPO-34分子筛的晶化历程 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)和热重分析(TGA)等表征手段研究了以HF-三乙胺复合模板剂合成SAPO-34分子筛的晶化历程.结果表明,在晶化过程中有SAPO-5分子筛生成,而随着晶化时间的延长,SAPO-5逐渐消失.通过SEM可以看出,SAPO-34的晶化在60h内不断进行,直到生成晶面完美的SAPO-34分子筛晶体.NMR研究表明,晶化过程中先生成磷酸铝结构,随后硅原子逐渐进入SAPO-34分子筛骨架.对晶化不同时间的SAPO-34分子筛进行了甲醇制低碳烯烃反应的性能评价,发现晶化12h的分子筛样品已经具有良好的催化性能. 相似文献
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以廉价的木糖、蔗糖、淀粉和葡甘聚糖为硬模板剂成功合成出含多级孔道的SAPO-34分子筛,采用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM、ICP和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床上,研究了糖类硬模板剂对SAPO-34分子筛的结构以及MTO性能的影响。结果表明,糖类硬模板剂能够提升SAPO-34分子筛的比表面积、微孔和介孔体积。与常规SAPO-34分子筛相比,多级孔道SAPO-34分子筛的双烯选择性和寿命均高。介孔体积最大、酸量最少、酸性最弱的SAPO-34-z分子筛的寿命最长(130 min),高出常规SAPO-34分子筛(100 min)30%,分子筛寿命从长到短顺序为SAPO-34-z > SAPO-34-h > SAPO-34-d > SAPO-34-m > SAPO-34 > SAPO-34-p。含多级孔道的SAPO-34分子筛的双烯选择性均高于常规SAPO-34分子筛。 相似文献