Low-energy monopole and dipole response in nuclei at finite temperature

The multipole response of nuclei at temperatures T=0–2 MeV$T=0\text{–}2\text{MeV}$ is studied using a self-consistent finite-temperature RPA (random phase approximation) based on relativistic energy density functionals. Illustrative calculations are performed for the isoscalar monopole and isovector dipole modes and, in particular, the evolution of low-energy excitations with temperature is analyzed, including the modification of pygmy structures. Both for the monopole and dipole modes, in the temperature range T=1–2 MeV$T=1\text{–}2\text{MeV}$ additional transition strength appears at low energies due to thermal unblocking of single-particle orbitals close to the Fermi level. A concentration of dipole strength around 10 MeV excitation energy is predicted in ^60,62Ni. The principal effect of finite temperature on low-energy strength that is already present at zero temperature, e.g. in ⁶⁸Ni and ¹³²Sn, is the spreading of this structure to even lower energy and the appearance of states that correspond to thermally unblocked transitions.     

On the magnitude of the Li + He → B + n reaction cross section at the Big-Bang temperature

The ⁸Li + ⁴He → ¹¹B + n reaction at Ecm<2 MeV$E_{\mathrm{cm}}<2\text{MeV}$ is a process of relevant astrophysical interest for which a remarkable experimental discrepancy between inclusive and exclusive cross-section measurements exists. In this Letter, a new inclusive neutron measurement at Ecm=1.05±0.16 MeV$E_{\mathrm{cm}}=1.05\pm 0.16\text{MeV}$ is given. The radioactive ⁸Li beam was delivered by the EXCYT facility. The cross section was determined by a low-background measurement of the time correlation between the ⁸Li projectile arrival to the target and the following neutron capture in a threshold-less 4π thermalization counter. This new data strengthens the reliability of the previous inclusive reaction cross-section data and altogether are consistent with a significant population of ¹¹B levels at high excitation energy.     

Neutron–proton analyzing power at 12 MeV and inconsistencies in parametrizations of nucleon–nucleon data

We present the most accurate and complete data set for the analyzing power Ay(θ)$A_y(\theta )$ in neutron–proton scattering. The experimental data were corrected for the effects of multiple scattering, both in the center detector and in the neutron detectors. The final data at En=12.0 MeV$E_n=12.0\text{MeV}$ deviate considerably from the predictions of nucleon–nucleon phase-shift analyses and potential models. The impact of the new data on the value of the charged pion–nucleon coupling constant is discussed in a model study.     

Effect of electric field of the electrosphere on photon emission from quark stars

We investigate the photon emission from the electrosphere of a quark star. It is shown that at temperatures T∼0.1–1 MeV$T\sim 0.1\text{–}1\text{MeV}$ the dominating mechanism is the bremsstrahlung due to bending of electron trajectories in the mean Coulomb field of the electrosphere. The radiated energy flux from this mechanism exceeds considerably both the contribution from the bremsstrahlung due to electron–electron interaction and the tunnel e⁺e⁻$e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pair creation.     

High-resolution measurements of analogue states in 57Co

Using a proton beam with an overall resolution of 300–400 eV (FWHM) spins, parities and partial widths were determined for all resonances observed (99 s-wave, 42 p-wave, 106 d-wave and one g-wave resonances). Differential cross sections for proton elastic scattering from ⁵⁶Fe were measured at proton energies between 3.1 and 4.2 MeV. Spectroscopic factors and Coulomb displacement energies were extracted for the fragmented analogue resonances which correspond to the $\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{(2.506}\text{MeV}\text{)}$, $\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{(2.565}\text{MeV}\text{)}$ and $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{(2.687}\text{MeV}\text{)}$ states in ⁵⁷Fe. A value of the s-wave proton strength function was deduced.     

Fine structure of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in Ca due to Landau damping?

The fragmentation of the Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) in ⁴⁰Ca has been investigated in high energy-resolution experiments using proton inelastic scattering at Ep=200 MeV$E_{\mathrm{p}}=200\text{MeV}$. Fine structure is observed in the region of the ISGQR and its characteristic energy scales are extracted from the experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis. The experimental scales are well described by Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and second-RPA calculations with an effective interaction derived from a realistic nucleon–nucleon interaction by the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM). In these results characteristic scales are already present at the mean-field level pointing to their origination in Landau damping, in contrast to the findings in heavier nuclei and also to SRPA calculations for ⁴⁰Ca based on phenomenological effective interactions, where fine structure is explained by the coupling to two-particle–two-hole (2p–2h) states.     

Strange stars properties calculated in the framework of the Field Correlator Method

We calculate the strange star properties in the framework of the Field Correlator Method. We find that for gluon condensate values G₂$G_2$ in the range 0.006–0.007 GeV⁴$0.006\text{–}0.007{\text{GeV}}^4$, which give a critical temperature Tc∼170 MeV$T_c\sim 170\text{MeV}$ at μc=0${\mu }_c=0$, the sequences of strange stars are compatible with some of the semi-empirical mass–radius relations and data obtained from astrophysical observations.     

Classical and potential descriptions of 9Be+28Si and 9Be + 40Ca elastic scattering cross sections at E(9Be) = 45 and 60 MeV

The elastic scattering angular distributions for ⁹Be + ²⁸Si and ⁹Be + ⁴⁰Ca have been measured at ⁹Be bombarding energies of 45 and 60 MeV over an angular range in which $\text{σ}\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>R</mtext>}}$ varied from 1 (i.e. Rutherford scattering) to values ? 0.001. The measured cross sections are analyzed classically using Wegner plots and quantum mechanically using both an optical potential of Woods-Saxon form and a double-folding potential with a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction. ⁹Be appears to exhibit somewhat different behaviour from both the lighter projectiles such as p and α and from its heavier neighbours such as ¹²C and ¹⁶O.     

Measurement of the 11B(11B, 10Be)12C proton transfer reaction at low energies

Differential cross sections for the ¹¹B(¹¹B,¹⁰Be)¹²C proton transfer reaction leading to the ¹⁰Be(g.sO+¹²C(4.43 MeV) $\text{(Q = 0.289}\text{MeV}\text{)}\text{and}{}^{10}\text{(3.37}\text{MeV}\text{) +}{}^{12}\text{C}\text{(g.s.) (Q = 1.36}\text{Me V}\text{)}$ final channels have been measured at E_c.m. = 5.5 MeV by coincident detection of the ¹⁰Be and ¹²C nuclei. The integrated cross sections for the ¹⁰Be + ¹²C(4.43 MeV) channel have been obtained for incident energies between E_c.m. = 2.66 and 3.64 MeV from the yields of the 4.43 MeV γ-ray emitted in the ¹²C 4.43 MeV → g.s. transition. The cross-section magnitudes compare well with the DWBA calculations. The sub-barrier transfer cross sections exhibit an unusual energy dependence: their ratio to the total reaction cross section is decreasing with decreasing incident energy.     

Double transverse-spin asymmetries in Drell–Yan processes with antiprotons

We present next-to-leading order predictions for double transverse-spin asymmetries in Drell–Yan dilepton production initiated by proton–antiproton scattering. The kinematic region of the proposed PAX experiment at GSI: 30?s?200 GeV²$30?s?200{\text{GeV}}^2$ and 2?M?7 GeV$2?M?7\text{GeV}$ is examined. The Drell–Yan asymmetries turn out to be large, in the range 20–40%. Measuring these asymmetries would provide the cleanest determination of the quark transversity distributions.     

Anomalous 3He scattering in the Ca region

Elastic ³He scattering on ⁴⁰Ar, ³⁹K, ⁴¹K, ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴²Ca was investigated at $\text{E(}{}^3\text{He) = 28}\text{MeV}$. A comparison of the scattering on neighbouring nuclei shows differences in backward angle cross sections up to one order of magnitude. This variation is clearly outside the domain of the standard optical model. This anomalous backward angle scattering is discussed in connection with similar anomalies observed in elastic α-particle scattering.     

Kaon pair production close to threshold

The total cross section of the reaction pp→ppK⁺K⁻$pp\to pp{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ has been measured at excess energies Q=10 MeV$Q=10\text{MeV}$ and 28 MeV with the magnetic spectrometer COSY-11. The new data show a significant enhancement of the total cross section compared to pure phase space expectations or calculations within a one boson exchange model. In addition, we present invariant mass spectra of two particle subsystems. While the K⁺K⁻$K^{+}{K}^{-}$ system is rather constant for different invariant masses, there is an enhancement in the pK⁻$p{K}^{-}$ system towards lower masses which could at least be partially connected to the influence of the Λ(1405)$\Lambda (1405)$ resonance.