Progress of Power Supply System in 2003

CSR power supply system made a great progress in 2003. All power supplies for CSRm E-cooler have been accepted and put into operation since Feb. 2003. And we are preparing to test power supplies of CSRe cooler 31 sets pulsed convertor for CSRm quadruple magnet arrived in IMP. But their output current must be increased from 590 A to 700 A, because of higher beam energy. 12 of them can fit the new request, but the others have to be redesigned and reproduced. The dipole power supply was assembled in plant and by using the power supply was some experiment made. The first test results was excited. Now this device has been installed in IMP and connected with the dipole magnet. We invited a public bidding for RIBLL2 and CSRe power supplies last September. Two companies provided 128 power supplies, which will be delivered to IMP before June 2004.     

ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF HONGTA AUDITORIUM IN BEIJING

Hongta Auditorium in Beijing is a multi-purpose auditorium intended mainly for music per-formance.This auditorium with a seating capacity of 2010 persons and an effective volume of 7800 m~3was completal in 1978.It was remodlled later in order to meet the requirements for performingmusic in natural sound.The acoustics of the auditorium has been proved to be successful in theseyears. This paper mainly describes the design requirements and the concrete measures taken as wellas the formal acoustical design and evaluation.     

在JYFL开展的研究工作：等离子体势的测量、电子加热的模拟、JYFL-MMPS及高温炉子

Extensive plasma potential measurements have been carried out using a device developed at JYFL. In this article the main results of the measurements will be summarized.A new simulation code to study the electron heating is being developed.One objective of the code is to determine the change of the electron loss cone when the magnetic field component of the electromagnetic wave is taken into account along with the permittivity of the plasma.As a part of the work,accurate X-ray measurements have been initiated. A new plasma chamber based on the MMPS-concept(Modified MultiPole Structure)has successfully been constructed and tested with the JYFL 6.4GHz ECRIS.The results and conclusions will be presented elsewhere in these proceedings.In the same article,a new concept of ECRIS and first results will be presented.The active development work of evaporation ovens has been carried out in a joint European collaboration(ISIBHI). The objective of the task is to make the operation of the oven reliable at 2000℃for several days.Both resistively and inductively heated ovens have been studied and further developed.The status of this work will be presented.     

Simulation Studies in Data Replication Strategies

The aim of this work is to present the simulation studies in evaluating different data replication strategies between Regional Centers.The simulation Framework developed within the “Models of Networked Analysis at Rgional Centers”(MONARC) project,as a design and optimization tool for large scale distributed systems,has been used for these modeling studies.Remote client-serer access to database servers as well as ftp-like data transfers have been ralistically simulated and the performance and limitations are presented as a function of the characteristics of the protocol used and the network parameters.     

Experiences Constructing and Running Large Shared Clusters at CERN

The latest steps in the steady evolution of the CERN Computer Centre have been to reduce the multitude of clusters and architectures and to concentrate on commodity hardware.An active RISC decommissioning program has been undertaken to encourage migration to Linux,and a program of merging dedicated experiment clusters into larger shared facilities has been launched.This paper describes these programs and the experiences running the resultant multi-hundred node shared Linux clusters.     

Bilevel Architecture for High—Thronghput Computing

We have prototyped and analyzed design of a novel approach for the high throughput computing-a core element for the emerging HENP computational grid.Independent event processing in HENP is well suted for computing in parallel.The prototype facilitateds use of inexpensive mass-market components by poviding fault tolerant resilienece (instead of the expensive total system reliablity) via highly scalable management components. The ability to handle both hardware and software failures on a large dedicated HENP facility limits the need for user intervention.A robust data management is especially important in HENP computing since large data-flows occur before and /or atfer each processing task.The architecture of our active object object coordination schema implements a multi-level hierarchical agent model,It provides fault tolerance by splitting a large overall task into independent atomic processes,performed by lower level agents synchronizing each other via a local database.Necessary control function performed by higher level agents interact with the same database thus managing distributed data production.The system has been tested in production environment for simulations in the STAR experiment at RHIC.Our architectural prototype controlled processes on more than a hundred processors at a time and has run for extended periods of time.Twenty terabytes of simulated data hava been produced.The generic nature of our two level architectural solution fault tolerance in distributed environment has been demonstrated by ist successful test for the grid file replication services between BNL and LBNL.     

Thermoelectric transport in conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)has proved its quite competitive thermoelectric properties in flexible electronics with its excellent electrical and mechanical properties.Since the early discovery of PEDOT,considerable experimental progress has been achieved in optimizing and improving the thermoelectric properties as a promising organic thermoelectric material(OTE).Among them,theoretical research has made significant contributions to its development.Here the basic physics of conductive PEDOT are reviewed based on the combination of theory and experiment.The purpose is to provide a new insight into the development of PEDOT,so as to effectively design and preparation of advanced thermoelectric PEDOT material in the future.     

Electron gun system for NSC KIPT linac

In the NSC KIPT linac, a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly driven by a 100 MeV/100 kW electron linear accelerator is under design and development. The linear accelerator needs a new high current electron gun. In this paper, the physical design, mechanical fabrication and beam test of this new electron gun are described.The emission current is designed to be higher than 2 A for the pulse width of 3 μs with repetition rate of 50 Hz.The gun will operate with a DC high voltage power supply that can provide a high voltage up to 150 kV. Computer simulations and optimizations have been carried out in the design stage, including the gun geometry and beam transport line. The test results of high voltage conditioning and beam test are presented. The operation status of the electron gun system is also included. The basic test results show that the design, manufacture, and operation of the new electron system are basically successful.     

Spectral anomalies of polychromatic, spatially coherent light diffracted by an annular aperture in the far field

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the structure of wave fields in the neighborhood of points where the field amplitude has zero value[1-3]. At such points the phase of fields is singular. It has been known that in the neighborhood of the singular points, the wave fields exhibit a rather complex structure, for example, dislocations and optical vortices. Studies of phenomena associated with phase singularities have gradually devel- oped into a new branch of physical opt…     

Update of an Object Oriented Track Reconstruction Model for LHC Experiments

In this update report about an Object Oriented (OO) track reconstruction model,which was presented at CHEP‘97,CHEP‘98,and CHEP‘2000,we shall describe subsequent new developments since the beginning of year 2000.The OO model for the Kalman filtering method has been designed for high energy physics experiments at high luminosity hadron colliders.It has been coded in the C programming language originally for the CMS experiment at the future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN,and later has been successfully implemented into three different OO computing environments(including the level-2 trigger and offline software systems)of the ATLAS(another major experiment at LHC).For the level-2 trigger software environment.we shall selectively present some latest performance results(e.g.the B-physics event selection for ATLAS level-2 trigger,the robustness study result,ets.).For the offline environment,we shall present a new 3-D space point package which provides the essential offline input.A major development after CHEP‘2000 is the implementation of the OO model into the new OO software frameworkAthena“of ATLAS experiment.The new modularization of this OO package enables the model to be more flexible and to be more easily implemented into different software environments.Also it provides the potential to handle the more comlpicated realistic situation(e.g.to include the calibration correction and the alignment correction,etc.) Some general interface issues(e.g.design of the common track class)of the algorithms to different framework environments have been investigated by using this OO package.     

Superfluidity of Bose Einstein condensates in ultracold atomic gases

Liquid helium 4 had been the only bosonic superfluid available in experiments for a long time. This situation was changed in 1995, when a new superfluid was born with the realization of the Bose–Einstein condensation in ultracold atomic gases. The liquid helium 4 is strongly interacting and has no spin; there is almost no way to change its parameters,such as interaction strength and density. The new superfluid, Bose–Einstein condensate(BEC), offers various advantages over liquid helium. On the one hand, BEC is weakly interacting and has spin degrees of freedom. On the other hand, it is convenient to tune almost all the parameters of a BEC, for example, the kinetic energy by spin–orbit coupling, the density by the external potential, and the interaction by Feshbach resonance. Great efforts have been devoted to studying these new aspects, and the results have greatly enriched our understanding of superfluidity. Here we review these developments by focusing on the stability and critical velocity of various superfluids. The BEC systems considered include a uniform superfluid in free space, a superfluid with its density periodically modulated, a superfluid with artificially engineered spin–orbit coupling, and a superfluid of pure spin current. Due to the weak interaction, these BEC systems can be well described by the mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii theory and their superfluidity, in particular critical velocities, can be examined with the aid of Bogoliubov excitations. Experimental proposals to observe these new aspects of superfluidity are discussed.     

Beam experiments with a non-intercepting beam induced f luorescence profile monitor for the ADS LINAC

An accelerator-driven subcritical system(ADS) project was launched in China in 2011, aiming to design and build an ADS demonstration facility with the capability of more than 1000 MW thermal power. The driver linac is defined to be a 10 m A current of high energy protons at 1.5 Ge V in continuous wave operation mode. To meet the extremely high power and intense beam accelerator requirements, non-interceptive monitors for the beam transverse profile are required for this proton linac. Taking advantage of the residual gas as active material, the Beam Induced Fluorescence(BIF) monitor exploits gas-excited fluorescence in the visible spectrum region for transverse profile measurements. The advantages of this non-intercepting method are that nothing is installed in the vacuum pipe,component design is compact and there is no need for expensive signal processing electronics. Beam experiments have been performed under constant beam conditions. The helium spectrum has been verified with different optical filters, showing that a proper optical band-pass filter covering 400–500 nm is necessary for fluorescence experiments with helium. By changing gas pressure, it is shown that gas pressure is proportional to the signal amplitude but has no influence on detected profile width. Finally, a comparison experiment between the BIF monitor and a wire scanner shows that the detected profile width results of both methods agree well.     

Achieving High Data Throughput in Research Networks

After less than a year of operation ,the BaBar experiment at SLAC has collected almost 100 million particle collision events in a database approaching 165TB.Around 20 TB of data has been exported via the Internet to the BaBar regional center at IN2P3 in Lyon,France,and around 40TB of simulated data has been imported from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(LLNL),BaBar Collaborators plan to double data collection each year and export a third of the data to IN2P3.So within a few years the SLAC OC3 (155Mbps) connection will be fully utilized by file transfer to France alone.Upgrades to infrastructure is essential and detailed understanding of performance issues and the requirements for reliable high throughput transfers is critical.In this talk results from active and passive monitoring and direct measurements of throughput will be reviewed.Methods for achieving the ambitious requirements will be discussed.     

Photoproduction of multi-meson final states — recent results from the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA-

Multi-meson final states such as γp →pπ0π0 and γp →pπ0η have been investigated with the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA. Baryon cascades via △π and △η and also via higher mass baryon resonances are clearly observed. Based on this data and on data from other reactions a partial wave analysis has been performed from which partial decay widths of various N＊ and △＊ states into the different pπ0π0 and pπ0η decay channels have been determined, leading partly to unexpected results. In addition, polarisation observables have been investigated. The beam asymmetry X has been determined for both reactions and double polarisation data using a longitudinally polarised target and a circularly or linearly polarised photon beam has been taken. Given the angular coverage of the Crystal-Baxrel/TAPS experiment this data covers almost the full angular range and phase space. This data will provide new and important information for the partial wave analyses and bring us one step closer towards a complete experiment.     

Integration of Geant4 with the Gaudi Framework

The GAUDI software framework is to be used for all event-processing applications in the LHCb experiment.The GEANT4 toolkit has been integrated into GAUDI to form the basis of the LHCb simulation program GAUSS.The benefits of this approach are that it permits re-use of basic services,such as persistency,interactivity and data visualization,as well as physics algorithms that were originally developed in the context of the reconstruction and analysis programs.Following the GAUDI philosophy,the integration has been achieved by developing a number of services with abstract interfaces that can be plugged in at run-time.We describe the overall design and details of the components for interfacing the detector geometry,the primary interaction and the output from tracking particles through the detector.     

PEPX-type lattice design and optimization for the High Energy Photon Source

A new generation of storage ring-based light sources, called diffraction-limited storage rings(DLSR), with emittance approaching the diffraction limit for multi-ke V photons by using multi-bend achromat lattice, has attracted worldwide and extensive studies of several laboratories, and been seriously considered as a means of upgrading existing facilities in the imminent future. Among various DLSR proposals, the PEPX design demonstrated that it is feasible to achieve sufficient ring acceptance for off-axis injection in a DLSR, by designing the lattice based on the ‘thirdorder achromat' concept and with a special high-beta injection section. For the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)planned to be built in Beijing, a PEPX-type lattice has been designed and continuously improved. In this paper, we report the evolution of the PEPX-type design for HEPS, and discuss the main issues relevant to the linear optics design and nonlinear optimization.     

SECRAL超导磁体系统的结构分析

An advanced superconducting ECR ion source named SECRAL has been constructed at Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,whose superconducting magnet assembly consists of three axial solenoid coils and six sextupole coils with a cold iron structure as field booster and clamp.In order to investigate the structure of sextupole coils and to increase the structural reliabilities of the magnet system, global and local structural analysis have been performed in various operation scenarios.Winding pack and support structure design of magnet system,mechanical calculation and stress analysis are given in this paper. From the analysis results,it has been found that the magnet system is safe in the referential operation scenarios and the configuration of the magnet complies with design requirements of the SECRAL.     

Application of Virtual Instrumentation in HL-2A DAPS

HL-2A DAPS is a large scale special data system for HL-2A tokamak . Technology of network, communication, data acquisition, data processing, real-time display, data management and systems management have been used in this system. With higher quality products and lower design costs, virtual instrumentation has been widely used in HL-2A DAPS. Vh-tual instrumentation combines mainstream commercial technologies, with flexible software and a wide variety of measurement and control hardware. It＇s easily to create user-defined systems that meet the exact application needs for the experiment.     

Design and fabrication of computer-generated holograms for testing optical freeform surfaces

Freeform optical surfaces (FOSs) will be the best elements in the design of compact optical systems in the future. However, it is extremely difficult to measure freeform surface with sufficient accuracy, which impedes the development of the freeform surface. The design and fabrication of computer-generated hologram (CGH) , which has been successfully applied to the tests for aspheric surfaces, cannot be directly adopted to test FOSs due to their non-rotational asymmetry. A novel ray tracing planning method combined with successively optimizing even and odd power coefficients of phase polynomials in turn is proposed, which can successfully design a non-rotational asymmetry CGH for the tests of FOSs with an F-θ lens. A new eight-step fabrication process is also presented aiming to solve the problem that the linewidth on the same circle of the CGH for testing freeform surface is not uniform. This problem cannot be solved in the original procedure of CGH fabrication. The test results of the step profiler show that the CGH fabricated in the new procedure meets the requirements.