Universal deformations of simple Lie algebras

This Letter examines the question of the structure of the Hopf algebra deformations of the universal enveloping algebras of the simple Lie algebras. Deformations of a complex algebra A are viewed as algebras defined over formal power series rings that specialize to A when the parameters go to 0. Only the case of U(sl(2,C)) is treated but the methods are general. Under the Ansatz that the two Borel subalgebras are deformed as Hopf algebras but possibly differently, we construct a universal two-parameter deformation.     

Universal deformations of reductive Lie algebras

We construct multiparameter quantizations of reductive Lie algebras which have the property of universality within a certain class of deformations. The universal deformations can be defined so that the algebra structure on each simple component is the same as that of the standard one-parameter quantization, the remaining parameters being relegated to the coalgebra structure. We discuss an example in which only the latter parameters appear, as a special case of deformations of a semisimple algebra whose simple components remain classical. Deformations are defined as algebras over power series rings and it is essential to require them to be torsion free to secure the universality. The Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem and the torsion freeness are established for the universal deformation on the basis of results on the representation theory of the deformed algebras.     

Absence of ordering in a class of lattice systems

A generalized form of the classical Bogoliubov inequality obtained by Mermin is derived for all lattice systems whose configuration manifold is a compact connected real Lie groupG; the new inequality relates elements ofC ^∞ (G; ?) the algebra of indefinitely differentiable complex-valued functions onG. We use it to prove the absence of ordering in a class of one- and two-dimensional systems defined byG-invariant Hamiltonians. This class contains in particular the Stanley model for ferromagnets and a lattice version of the Maier-Saupe model for nematic liquid crystals.     

Quantum Mechanics on Manifolds and Topological Effects

A unique classification of the topological effects associated to quantum mechanics on manifolds is obtained on the basis of the invariance under diffeomorphisms and the realization of the Lie–Rinehart relations between the generators of the diffeomorphism group and the algebra of C ^∞ functions on the manifold. This leads to a unique (“Lie–Rinehart”) C ^*-algebra as observable algebra; its regular representations are shown to be locally Schroedinger and in one to one correspondence with the unitary representations of the fundamental group of the manifold. Therefore, in the absence of spin degrees of freedom and external fields, $ \pi_1{(\mathcal M)}$ appears as the only source of topological effects.     

A star-product approach to noncompact quantum groups

Using the duality and the topological theory of well-behaved Hopf algebras, we construct star-product models of noncompact quantum groups from Drinfeld and Reshetikhin standard deformations of enveloping Hopf algebras of simple Lie algebras. Our star-products act not only on coefficient functions of finite-dimensional representations, but actually on allC functions, and they even exist for nonlinear (semi-simple) Lie groups.     

Lie 2-Bialgebras

In this paper, we study Lie 2-bialgebras, paying special attention to coboundary ones, with the help of the cohomology theory of L _∞-algebras with coefficients in L _∞-modules. We construct examples of strict Lie 2-bialgebras from left-symmetric algebras (also known as pre-Lie algebras) and symplectic Lie algebras (also called quasi-Frobenius Lie algebras).     

Algebraical comparison of classical and quantum polynomial observables

The symplectic vector spaceE of theq andp's of classical mechanics allows a basis free definition of the Poisson bracket in the symmetric algebra overE. Thus the symmetric algebra overE becomes a Lie algebra, which can be compared with the quantum mechanical Weyl algebra with its commutator Lie structure. The universality of the Weyl algebra is used to study the well-known ‘classical’ Moyal realisation of the Weyl algebra in the symmetric algebra. Quantisations are defined as linear mappings of the underlying vector spaces of the two algebras. It is shown that the classical Lie algebra is −2 graded, whereas the quantum Lie algebra is not. This proves that they are not isomorphic, and hence there is no Dirac quantisation.     

Explicit form and convergence of 1-differential formal deformations of the poisson Lie algebra

Introducing the notion of an admissible graded Lie subalgebra A of the Nijenhui-Richardson algebra A(V) of the vector space V, it is shown that each cohomology class of a subcomplex C _A of the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex (C ⁰ M), extends in a cononical way as a graded cohomology class of weight — 1 of A. Applying this when V is the space N of smooth functions of a smooth manifold M, shows that the de Rham cohomology of M is induced by the graded cohomology of weight — 1 of the Schouten graded Lie algebra of M. This allows us to construct explicitly all 1-differential, nc formal deformations of the Poisson bracket of a symplectic manifold. The construction also applies for an arbitrary Poisson manifold but leads to only part of these deformations when the structure degenerates, as shown by an example.     

On the Hochschild Homology of Elliptic Sklyanin Algebras

In this paper, we compute the Hochschild homology of elliptic Sklyanin algebras. These algebras are deformations of polynomial algebra with a Poisson bracket called the Sklyanin Poisson bracket.      

On the role of semisimple subalgebras in the deformation theory of lie algebras and their homomorphisms general theory and applications

Formal deformations of Lie algebras are determined by sequences of bilinear alternating maps, and those of their homomorphisms by sequences of linear maps. The question of the existence, in any equivalence class of formal deformations of Lie algebras and of their homomorphisms, of elements determined by well-behaved sequences is investigated in this paper. A satisfactory affirmative answer is given provided the Lie algebra to be deformed has a semisimple subalgebra different from {0}. The meaning of this result in the geometric approach to deformation theory is pointed out. Applications to the problem of coupling the Poincaré group and an internal symmetry group in a nontrivial way and to the study of deformations of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of $\text{E}$(3) are given.     

Hopf -deformation of any Lie group

We use the Neroslavsky-Vlassov (1981) method to find a star product _h on a class of exact Poisson-Lie groups such that (C^∞(G)[[h]], _h, Δ) is a Hopf algebra. We show that we can find such a nontrivial star product on every Lie group.     

Quantum Lie Algebras, Their Existence, Uniqueness and q-Antisymmetry

Quantum Lie algebras are generalizations of Lie algebras which have the quantum parameter h built into their structure. They have been defined concretely as certain submodules of the quantized enveloping algebras . On them the quantum Lie product is given by the quantum adjoint action. Here we define for any finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra an abstract quantum Lie algebra independent of any concrete realization. Its h-dependent structure constants are given in terms of inverse quantum Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. We then show that all concrete quantum Lie algebras are isomorphic to an abstract quantum Lie algebra . In this way we prove two important properties of quantum Lie algebras: 1) all quantum Lie algebras associated to the same are isomorphic, 2) the quantum Lie product of any is q-antisymmetric. We also describe a construction of which establishes their existence. Received: 23 May 1996 / Accepted: 17 October 1996     

Contractions, Deformations and Curvature

The role of curvature in relation with Lie algebra contractions of the pseudo-orthogonal algebras so(p,q) is fully described by considering some associated symmetrical homogeneous spaces of constant curvature within a Cayley–Klein framework. We show that a given Lie algebra contraction can be interpreted geometrically as the zero-curvature limit of some underlying homogeneous space with constant curvature. In particular, we study in detail the contraction process for the three classical Riemannian spaces (spherical, Euclidean, hyperbolic), three non-relativistic (Newtonian) spacetimes and three relativistic ((anti-)de Sitter and Minkowskian) spacetimes. Next, from a different perspective, we make use of quantum deformations of Lie algebras in order to construct a family of spaces of non-constant curvature that can be interpreted as deformations of the above nine spaces. In this framework, the quantum deformation parameter is identified as the parameter that controls the curvature of such “quantum” spaces.     

Conformal symplectic geometry,deformations, rigidity and geometrical (KMS) conditions

Deformations admitting a unit element of a local associative algebra defined on the space of functions on a manifold. Definition and properties of the * ^f -products and conformal symplectic geometry. Deformations of a * ^f -products. A theorem of rigidity. Application to statistical mechanics (KMS conditions).     

The sh Lie Structure of Poisson Brackets in Field Theory

A general construction of an sh Lie algebra (L _∞-algebra) from a homological resolution of a Lie algebra is given. It is applied to the space of local functionals equipped with a Poisson bracket, induced by a bracket for local functions along the lines suggested by Gel'fand, Dickey and Dorfman. In this way, higher order maps are constructed which combine to form an sh Lie algebra on the graded differential algebra of horizontal forms. The same construction applies for graded brackets in field theory such as the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky bracket of the Hamiltonian BRST theory or the Batalin-Vilkovisky antibracket. Received: 5 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 May 1997     

Higher Hochschild Homology,Topological Chiral Homology and Factorization Algebras

We study the higher Hochschild functor, factorization algebras and their relationship with topological chiral homology. To this end, we emphasize that the higher Hochschild complex is a functor sSet _∞ × CDGA _∞ where sSet and CDGA _∞ are the (∞,1)-categories of simplicial sets and commutative differential graded algebras, and give an axiomatic characterization of this functor. From the axioms, we deduce several properties and computational tools for this functor. We study the relationship between the higher Hochschild functor and factorization algebras by showing that, in good cases, the Hochschild functor determines a constant commutative factorization algebra. Conversely, every constant commutative factorization algebra is naturally equivalent to a Hochschild chain factorization algebra. Similarly, we study the relationship between the above concepts and topological chiral homology. In particular, we show that on their common domains of definition, the higher Hochschild functor is naturally equivalent to topological chiral homology. Finally, we prove that topological chiral homology determines a locally constant factorization algebra and, further, that this functor induces an equivalence between locally constant factorization algebras on a manifold and (local system of) E _n -algebras.     

CQG algebras: A direct algebraic approach to compact quantum groups

The purely algebraic notion of CQG algebra (algebra of functions on a compact quantum group) is defined. In a straightforward algebraic manner, the Peter-Weyl theorem for CQG algebras and the existence of a unique positive definite Haar functional on any CQG algebra are established. It is shown that a CQG algebra can be naturally completed to aC ^*-algebra. The relations between our approach and several other approaches to compact quantum groups are discussed.