Some components of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris

The lipid composition of the free fatty acids of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris from the Ukrainian flora has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid composition was represented by 20 compounds, among which malvic and sterculic acids were detected. The presence of terpineols and retinol has been shown.Zaporozh'e Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedenii, No. 3, pp. 322–325, May–June, 1994.     

NMR study of alkaloids. V.13C NMR spectra and reconsideration of the structures of 11- and 10-hydroxypleiocarpamines and the structures of new alkaloids fromVinca erecta

The structures of phenolic alkaloids isolated previously fromVinca erecta Rgl. et Schmalh. have been reconsidered on the basis of the results of a study of their¹³C NMR spectra, and it has been shown that a base with mp 228–229° has the structure of 11-hydroxystrictamine and an amorphous base of the same composition isomeric with it is 10-hydroxystrictamine. The structures of two new indolenine alkaloids — ercinamine and ercinaminine — have been determined from an analysis of¹³C NMR spectra, and also on the basis of PMR and IR spectra and chemical transformations.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 483–488, July–August, 1983.     

Compositions of the lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled from different parts of the body

The composition of the total, the neutral, and the polar lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled (Gmelin) from different parts of the body — the white muscles of the back and abdomen, the red muscles, the brain, the internal organs, and the fish as a whole — have been studied. The amounts of lipids in these sections were 6.6, 16.1, 20.1, 13.8, 40.0, and 8.4%, respectively. It has been shown that the total and neutral lipids are similar with respect to the main groups of lipids, the bulk of them being represented by triacylglycerols (76.0–82.6%) and phospholipids (2.8–5.8%). The composition of the phospholipids depended substantially on their localization. In the lipids of the white muscles of the back, with a low level of choline-containing lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin predominated. The lipids of the viscera were distinguished by a high content of sphingomyelin. A high level of choline-containing lipids and cerebrosides was found in the tissues of the brain.Tumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January–February, 1985.     

Component composition of the essential oil ofThymus dimorphus

The composition of the essential oil (EO) ofThymus dimorphus Klok. et Shost. has been studied with the aid of chromato-mass spectroscopy for the first time, and 80 components of this oil have been identified. The EO of this thyme is represented mainly by terpenes and their alcohols and by sesquiterpenes and their alcohols. The total proportions of terpene and sesquiterpene derivatives are approximately the same. It has ben shown that with such a composition of the EO the widely employed polar columns of Carbowax 20M are not very effective.Zaporozhe State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Ukraine. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–65, January–February, 1999.     

A comparative study of the alkaloids ofCorydalis species

Summary A comparative chemical study of five species of corydalis (Corydalis rosea Leych.,C. gigantea Trautv. et Mey,C. vaginans Royle,C. remota Fisch., andC. marschalliana Pers.) has shown that important characteristics of the individual species are not only the type but also the particular composition of the alkaloids within each group and, in particular, the presence of certain characteristic signs connected with the biosynthesis of the alkaloids such as 13-methyl derivatives, phenolic compounds, racemic forms, etc.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 592–594, September–October, 1978.     

Reactivity of Water and Alcohols toward Carbocations Generated in the Photolysis of 2,2,4,6-Tetramethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline

The rate constants of the decay of carbocation generated in the photolysis of 2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and the composition of reaction products were studied as a function of solvent composition in the mixtures H₂O–ROH and MeOH–ROH (R = Et, n-Pr, and i-Pr). The rate constants of carbocation decay in alcohols are more than 20 times higher than the corresponding rate constants in water. As follows from the composition of the products obtained in the photolysis in the alcohol–water mixtures, MeOH is only 1.4 times more reactive than water, and EtOH and n-PrOH are even less active than water. The inconsistency in the product composition in the mixtures and the values of the observed rate constants in these solvents was explained by the two-step mechanism of the reaction: the reversible formation of an adduct of the carbocation with the solvent components and subsequent proton transfer to the solvent to form the final product, with the first step determining the product composition and the second step determining the rate of carbocation decay. The relative rate constants of alcohols and water were determined for the two steps. The preferred solvation of the carbocation with water also contributes significantly to the reaction kinetics and the product composition in the water–alcohol solutions.     

Seed lipids of some species of the genusAlthaea

We have determined the fatty acid composition, Trenoids, phthalates, alcohols, esters, and nitrogen containing compounds in the seeds ofAthaea L. species:A. offcinalis L.,A. armeniaca, Ten., A. taurinensis DC., and A. broussonedifolia. All the species studied contained considerable amounts of palmitic, linoleic, petroselinic, and stearic acids. Terpenoids were represented 115, aldehydes and ketones of the monoterpene series, phthalates by dibutyl phthalate, dihydric alcohols and ethers by compounds with the composition C₁₀H₂₂O₂, and nitrogen-containing substances by 4-morpholinylbutylamine.Zaporozhe State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 365–368, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted November 22, 1994.     

Terpenoids of the oleoresins ofPinus pityusa andP. eldarica

The chemical composition of the oleoresins of the pinesPinus pityusa andP. eldarica growing in the Caucasus has been studied. In relation to the amounts of the main components, the oleoresins of these species are similar. Characteristic for their resins is a high content of caryophyllene. Diterpenoids are represented mainly by tricyclic compounds, among which pimarinol and isopimarinol and methyl 15-hydroxydehydroabietate predominate.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 316–320, May–June, 1982.     

Preparation,characterization and antifungal properties of nickel(II) complexes of tridentate ONS ligands derived from N-methyl-S-methyldithiocarbazate and the X-ray crystal structure of the [Ni(ONMeS)CN]·H2O complex

Nickel(II) complexes of general empirical formula, NiLX·nH₂O (L = deprotonated form of the Schiff base formed by condensation of N-methyl-S-methyldithiocarbazate with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde; X = Cl^–, Br^–, NCS^–, AcO^– or CN^–; n = 0, 1) have been prepared and characterized by a variety of physico-chemical techniques. Magnetic and spectroscopic data support a square-planar structure for these complexes. The crystal structure of the [Ni(ONMeS)CN]·H₂O complex (ONMeS = anionic form of the 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base of N-methyl-S-methyldithiocarbazate) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex has a distorted square-planar structure in which the Schiff base is coordinated to the nickel(II) ion as a uninegatively charged anion coordinating via the phenolic oxygen atom, the azomethine nitrogen atom and the thione sulfur atom. The fourth coordination position is occupied by a cayano ligand. The antifungal properties of the Schiff bases and their nickel(II) complexes were studied against three plant pathogenic fungi. The ligands display moderate fungitoxicities against these organisms but their nickel(II) complexes are less active than the free ligands.     

Synthesis and characterization of new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of ONS donor Schiff bases derived from thiosemicarbazide,S-methyldithiocarbazate,S-benzyldithiocarbazate ando-hydroxy-aromatic aldehydes/ketones

Summary Syntheses of several new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes with composition MoO₂L · MeOH (where LH₂ = Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde,o-hydroxyacetophenone,o-hydroxybenzophenone, pyridoxal and thiosemicarbazide,S-methyldithiocarbazate orS-benzyldithiocarbazate) are reported. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., n.m.r. and electronic spectra, conductance, molecular weight and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes are monomers, nonelectrolytes, diamagnetic and six-coordinated. The Schiff bases behave as dibasic tridentate ligands and coordinate through phenolic oxygen, thioenolic sulphur and azomethine nitrogen atoms. The complexes have acis-O=Mo=O structure as evidenced by the presence of two strong bands at 880–915 and 925–955 cm^–1. All of the complexes exhibit a band atca. 25000 cm^–1 due to the ligand to metal charge transfer transition.     

Phenolic compounds ofGeranium sanguineum

The chemical composition of the phenolic compounds of the epigeal part of blood-red geranium has been studied. The structure of the main substance of the polyphenolic complex of the plant has been established — bis(hexahydroxydiphenoyl)trigalloylglucose. The high antiviral and antitumoral activity of the total phenolic compounds of the geranium has been shown.A. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax 627071. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–44, January–February, 1994.     

Seed oil ofCousinia severzovii

The composition of the seed oil ofCousinia severzovii has been studied; about 20 types and classes of compounds were isolated from the oil, including 6% of triterpenes with a molecular weight of 426 in the free state, as the acetylated derivatives, and as derivatives acylated with higher fatty acids of the 34:0–13:0 group in a ratio of 1:1:2, respectively; and 3.8% of oxidized acylglycerols (seven types). The classes of lipids were represented by no individual compound but only by a series of homologs or isomers.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–44, January–February, 1981.     

Position-species composition of the triacylglycerols of yeast microorganisms

The molecular-species and olefinic composition of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of five strains of yeast have been investigated. The predominance of a particular molecular species of TAGs in the triglyceride compositions of the strains investigated depends not only on the genus but also on the species of each particular strain. The olefinic composition of the yeast TAGs is represented mainly by TAGs with 1, 2, 3, and 4 double bonds in the molecule.Moscow Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 28–32, January–February, 1986.     

Development of an amperometric biosensor based on covalent immobilization of tyrosinase on a boron-doped diamond electrode

An amperometric enzyme electrode based on direct covalent immobilization of tyrosinase on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been developed for the detection of phenolic compounds. Combined chemical and electrochemical modifications of the BDD film with 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate, an aminophenyl-modified BDD (AP–BDD) surface was produced, and then the tyrosinase was covalently immobilized on the BDD surface via carbodiimide coupling. The response dependences of the enzyme electrode (Tyr–AP–BDD electrode) on pH of solution, applied potential, oxygen level and phenolic compounds diffusion were studied. The Tyr–AP–BDD electrode shows a linear response range of 1–200, 1–200 and 1–250 μM and sensitivity of 232.5, 636.7 and 385.8 mA M⁻¹ cm⁻² for phenol, p-cresol and 4-chlorophenol, respectively. 90 percent of the enzyme activity of the Tyr–AP–BDD electrode is retained for 5 weeks storing in 0.1 M PBS (pH 6.5) at 4 °C.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Phenolic compounds of a culture ofAlhagi kirghisorum cells

A comparative analysis has been made of a series of phenolic compounds in the initial plant and in a cell culture ofAlhagi kirghisorum. Quercetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperoside, retusin, 8-methylretusin, calycosin and formononetin were isolated from the cultivated cells and identified. Features of the formation of various classes of phenolic compounds in the cultivated cells have been studied by chromatographic methods. It has been shown that the phenolic substances synthesized by cell cultures exhibit an inhibiting influence on the biosynthesis of protein in vitro and show a moderate cytotoxic activity.M. A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, fax 8-3272-347091. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 182–184, March–April, 1999.     

Intercalation compounds of phenols and poly-N-vinylcaprolactam

Intercalation compounds of phenols and poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PVC) form when their aqueous solutions are mixed. Using¹³C NMR and IR spectroscopy complexation was shown to proceed through the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl groups of the caprolactam moieties and phenolic hydroxyls as well as through displacement of water from the polymer structure and its compaction. The processes of the formation of intercalation compounds of PVC with phenol andtert-butyl alcohol were compared.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2251–2255, September, 1996.     

Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Adamantylcalix[4,8]arenes for the Determination of Alkali Cations

Calix[4,8]arenes bearing adamantyl substituents in the upper rim and ethoxycarbonylmethoxy groups in the lower rim of the macrocycle were proposed as ionophores in membranes of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for determining alkali cations. Depending on the number of phenolic fragments (n) in the calixarene molecule, ISEs respond to either sodium (n = 4) or cesium (n = 8) ions. Sensors based on membranes that, along with ionophores, contain tetraphenyl borate ions as a lipophilic additive are selective for Na and Cs ions in the presence of other alkali metals. They exhibit almost theoretical responses over the concentration range from 1 × 10^–4 to 1 × 10^–1 M at pH 5.5–12 for Na-SE and pH 3–11 for Cs-SE, respectively.     

Application of solid-phase extraction for determination of phenolic compounds in barrique wines

A fast, selective and sensitive chromatographic method has been developed for determination of gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, benzoic, ferulic, sinapic, cinnamic, and ellagic acids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, 2-furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 5-methoxyfurfural. The compounds from untreated wine samples were pre-concentrated and cleaned using solid-phase extraction on RP-105 polymeric sorbent. The cartridge was conditioned with methanol and water. Co-extracted ballast substances were rinsed from the sorbent with 0.1 mol L^–1 hydrochloric acid–methanol, 1:4 (v/v). Retained phenolic compounds were selectively eluted with diethyl ether. A linear mobile phase gradient containing 0.3% acetic acid and methanol was used for final baseline chromatographic separation on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. Limits of detection (LOD=3s_bl) in the range 5.2 to 181.2 g L^–1, resolution (R) better than 1.7, and repeatability of 2.7–5.1% (RSD for real samples) were achieved. The method was applied for quantification of individual phenolic compounds in barrique wines.     

Investigation of kernel oils of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus robur</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus cerris</Emphasis>

The kernel oils of Quercus robur and Quercus cerris were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. Oil yields were found to be 5.2–5.6% and 4.3–4.8% for Q. robur and Q. cerris kernel, respectively (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). The physical and chemical constants, unsaponifiable matter and total fatty acids were determined. The total fatty acid composition of oils was determined by GC in the methyl ester form. Considering the composition and content of fatty acids, the examined kernel oils were very similar. Seven fatty acid components were identified in both oils: palmitic, stearic, arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and -linolenic. In Q. robur and Q. cerris kernel oils the principal acids were oleic (44.3% and 43.0%, respectively) and linoleic (37.2% and 32.6%, respectively), followed by a significant amount of palmitic acid.Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 347–348, September–October, 2004.