Solvent extraction of silver/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

A rapid and selective method for the extraction of Ag/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole/2-HMBT/ into chloroform has been developed. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient of Ag/I/ such as pH, time of equilibration, solvents, anion interferences, cation interference and stoichiometry of the metal to reagent have been established.     

Solvent extraction of Os(IV) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

2-mercaptobenzothiazole has been used for the solvent extraction of Os(IV) in acidic medium. The extraction of Os(IV) was found to be better than 90% over the pH range of 3.0 to 5.0 with an equilibration time of 5.0 minutes. The stoichiometry of metal:reagent determined by substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method was found to be 1∶4. Decontamination factor for various elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Os(IV) were also evaluated.     

A study on solvent extraction of gold/III/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

Ideal conditions for the extraction of Au/III/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole/2-HMBT/ into chloroform have been established. The effects of various parameters such as pH, time of equilibration, solvents, cation interferences, anion interferences and stoichiometry of the metal to reagent have been established.     

A study on solvent extraction of Cu/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

A method has been developed for the rapid and selective extraction of Cu/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2-HMBT/ into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extractioncoefficient value have been studied. The stoichiometry of the extracted species of 12 /Cu2-HMBT/ was obtained by the slope ratio method and by the method of substoichiometric extraction.     

Solvent extraction of cadmium/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into methyl iso-butyl ketone

The extraction of cadmium/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2HMBT/ into methyl iso-butyl ketone has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of anions and cations have been evaluated. The stiochiometry of the extracted species obtained by the method of substoichiometric extraction and mole ratio method was found to be 1:2. Decontamination factors for a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Cd/II/ were also obtained.     

A study on the solvent extraction of Se/IV/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

The extraction of Se/IV/ from hydrochloric acid medium with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole/2-HMBT/into chloroform has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as molarity of hydrochloric acid, time of equilibration, effect of cations and anions etc., has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species was determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method and was found to be 1∶4. Decontamination factors for many elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Se/IV/ was also obtained.     

A study on the solvent extraction of Hg/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

The extraction of mercury/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2-HMBT/ into chloroform has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of anions and cations have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species obtained by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method was found to be 1∶2. Decontamination factors for a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Hg/II/ were also obtained.     

Radiochemical separation of Ru/III/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform employing solvent extraction technique

The reagent 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2-HMBT/ has been used for the solvent extraction of Ru/III/. The extraction coefficient value of Ru/III/ has been evaluated, based on various parameters such as, effect of molarity of the acid, time of equilibration, time of heating, effect of various solvents and effect of various salts. The stoichiometry of the metal to reagent was determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction of slope-ratio method and was found to be 13. Separation factor and decontamination factor for various elements have also been studied.     

The solvent extraction of Ir(III) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

Ideal conditions for the extraction of Ir(III) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-HMBT) into chloroform have been established. The effects of various parameters such as pH, time of equilibration, time of heating, solvents, cation and anion interferences have been studied. The stoichiometry of metal to reagent has been evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of Co/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone into chloroform

A rapid and selective method has been developed for the extraction of Co/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of various cations and anions have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of metal to reagent determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction was found to be 12. It was further supported by the slope ratio method.     

Solvent extraction of Ni/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone into chloroform

A method has been developed for the quantitative extraction of Ni/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone /HINBA/ into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as pH, time of equilibration, effect of solvents, anions, cations etc. have been studied. The stoichiometry of the metal: reagent determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method was found to be 12. Decontamination factors for many elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Ni/II/ were also evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of Cu/II/ with 1,2,3-benzotriazole into chloroform

1,2,3-Benzotriazole/1,2,3-BT/ has been used for the extraction of Cu/II/ into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient of Cu/II/ was evaluated. The stoichiometry of metal:reagent, determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio was found to be 12. Separation factor for a number of elements in the extraction of Cu/II/ has been evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of Mn/II/ with 2-propionyl, 1-naphthol oxime/2-PRONAPOX/ into chloroform

A rapid method has been described for the quantitative extraction of milligram amounts of Mn/II/ with 2-PRONAPOX into CHCl₃. The extraction coefficient /E/ of Mn/II/ between CHCl₃ and aqueous solution containing 0.2M NH₄Cl shows a maximum value of E=143 at pH 10.5. The percentage extraction is better than 98% in the pH range from 9 to 11 and an equilibration time of 6 min. The effects of anions and cations have been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method is found to be 12. The decontamination factors for most of the elements are better than 10⁴ in the substoichiometric extraction of Mn/II/.     

Solvent extraction of zinc with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline into chloroform

The distribution equilibria of the zinc complex with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline in the water-chloroform system have been studied at 25 degrees . The influence of pH, reagent and metal concentrations, and the presence of sodium perchlorate in the aqueous phase has been determined. From quantitative evaluation of the extraction equilibrium data, it has been deduced that the complex extracted is the simple 1:2 chelate, ZnR(2), although at ligand concentrations higher than 0.3M, the self-adduct complex seems to begin to form. The extraction constant of the ZnR(2) species, refined by means of the program Letagrop-Distribution, has the value log K(ex) = - 6.15 +/- 0.07.     

Solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline into chloroform

Summary The distribution equilibria of the cobalt and nickel complexes with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline in the water-chloroform system have been studied. The influence of pH, reagent and metal concentrations, and the presence of NaClO₄ or Na₂SO₄ in the aqueous phase has been studied. From slope analysis of the distribution curves the compositions of the extracted species have been determined. The cobalt complexes extracted are [Co₂R₃(RH)]ClO₄, [Co₂R₃(RH)₃]ClO₄ and Co₂R₄; in all of them the metal is in oxidation state Co(II). For nickel the NiR₂ and NiR₂(RH) complexes are extracted.

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Die Extraktion von Kobalt und Nickel mit 5,7-Dichlor-2-methyl-8-hydroxychinolin in Chloroform

Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung der Kobaltund Nickel-Komplexe mit 5,7-Dichlor-2-methyl-8-hydroxychinolin in dem System Wasser-Chloroform wurde untersucht. Auch der Einfluß des pH, der Reagensund Metallkonzentration und der Anwesenheit von NaClO₄ oder Na₂SO₄ in der wäßrigen Phase auf das Verteilungsgleichgewicht wurde geprüft. Aus der Lage der Verteilungskurven wurde die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten Substanzen bestimmt. Die extrahierten Kobaltverbindungen waren [Co₂R₃(RH)]ClO₄, [Co_{2R 3}(RH)₃]ClO₄ und Co₂R₄; diese enthalten alle Co(II). Im Falle des Nickels wurden die Verbindungen NiR₂ und NiR₂(RH) beobachtet.

     

Solvent extraction of Sb(III) with malachite green into chloroform

A rapid and selective method for the solvent extraction of Sb(III) using malachite green (C. I. Basic green 4) has been described. Effect of different parameters affecting the extraction coefficient value of Sb(III) such as acidity, time of equilibration, KI concentration, solvents, anions, etc. has been studied. For various elements the separation factor has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species has been determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction. The decontamination factor for some elements using substoichiometric quantities of the extracting agent has been evaluated. Radiotracers were employed for the extraction studies. The method elaborated has been employed for the quantitative determination of antimony in normal, benign and cancerous tissues of the human brain.     

Solvent extraction of silver/I/ with 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone thiosemicarbazone

The solvent extraction of silver/I/ is carried out in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5.0 by 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone thiosemicarbazone /DATS/. Ethyl acetate has been used as a solvent and is found that single extraction is sufficient to remove silver/I/ completely from the aqueous phase. Silver/I/ forms 11 complex /metalreagent/ with DATS. The effect of diverse ions on the extraction of silver/I/ has been investigated.     

Solvent extraction of trivalent indium from succinate solution by 2-octylaminopyridine in chloroform

Extraction processes of indium(III) with 2-octylaminopyridine (2-OAP) from media of various complexing ability, succinate and salicylate, in chloroform have been elucidated. The ion-pair complex has also quantitative extraction in xylene and 1,2-dichloroethane. Indium(III) from organic phase was stripped with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid and determined complexometrically with EDTA. The stoichiometry of the extracted species was found out on the basis of slope analysis. The extraction of indium(III) proceeds by an anion exchange mechanism and the extracted species is [RR′NH₂ ⁺In(succinate)₂ ^-]_(org). Temperature dependence of the extraction equilibrium constant was also examined to estimate the apparent thermodynamic functions (ΔH, ΔG and ΔS) for extraction reaction. It is possible to separate indium(III) from Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), Bi(III), Tl(I), Tl(III), Ga(III), Al(III), Te(IV), Se(IV), Sb(III), Fe(III) and Sn(IV). The method is simple, rapid and reproducible and can be used to determine the indium from samples like alloys.     

Solvent extraction of Au/III/ with 1,2,3-benzotriazole into n-butanol

Aqueous 1,2,3-benzotriazole/1,2,3-BT/ has been used for the extraction of Au/III/ from acidic medium into n-butanol. The extraction of Au/III/ was found to be better than 98% over the pH range 2.0–7.0 and an equilibration time of 2.0 min. The effect of anions and cations on the extraction coefficient has been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by the slope ratio method was found to be 13. Separation factor for many elements in the extraction of Au/III/ has been evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of In/III/ with 1,2,3-bezotriazole into n-heptanol

Aqueous 1,2,3-benzotriazole has been used for the extraction of In/III/ in alkaline medium. The extraction of In/III/ was found to be better than 99% over the pH range 5.0–10.0 and an equilibration time of 2.0 min. The effect of anions and cations on the extraction coefficient has been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by the slope-ratio method was found to be 13. Separation factors for around 20 elements were better than 10³.