Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber （SMF） with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiber- based free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler （AFC） which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80/3tad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 ~rad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error （MSE） of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.     

单偏振单模聚合物光子晶体光纤设计

 设计了一种聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基的单偏振单模(SPSM)微结构聚合物光纤(MPOF)。利用全矢量有限元法和光束传播法相结合分析了这种光纤的偏振特性和约束损耗。通过优化光纤结构参数,发现在0.51 μm～0.62 μm的可见光波长范围,由于基模两个正交偏振模的截止波长不同,这种微结构聚合物光纤只能传输基模中的一个偏振模,从而实现单偏振单模运转。该11圈圆空气孔六角排列光纤结构的传导偏振模在0.57 μm波长处约束损耗仅为1.13 dB/m,这种低损耗的单偏振单模微结构聚合物光纤可有效消除传统保偏光纤固有的偏振串扰和偏振模色散。     

熔融侧面泵浦耦合器光纤夹角对耦合效率的影响

泵浦耦合器是高功率光纤激光器的关键无源光器件,其制作工艺是采用泵浦光纤和主光纤侧面熔融的方法,该方法可以保持主光纤中信号光的低插入损耗,但泵浦光纤和主光纤之间的夹角对耦合效率影响较大。为解决这一问题,根据熔融侧面泵浦耦合器的结构特点,建立了物理模型,推导出各光纤中光功率与夹角关系的方程组,进行了数值仿真和实验论证,结果是随着泵浦光纤和主光纤之间夹角的减小,耦合效率会逐渐增大,但存在临界值,NA值小的泵浦光纤耦合效率高且临界角大,NA为0.22的泵浦光纤,夹角小于9.7时耦合效率最大值为96.9%,NA为0.15的泵浦光纤,夹角小于11.5时耦合效率最大值为97.8%。     

一种实现光纤耦合器分光比微调的新方法

随着光纤通信技术的不断发展,光纤通信中至关重要的光无源器件——光纤耦合器,其使用量正在不断的增加。如何提高光纤耦合器的成品率已成为一个很重要的问题。通过对具有一定分光比的未封装的窄带光纤耦合器的一端进行固定和在另一端进行扭转,可以实现耦合器分光比的微调。实验表明,对耦合器施加扭转力矩会使耦合器的分光比发生一定的变化,并且在扭转的过程中附加损耗的变动很小。利用这一特性可以对偏离预定分光比的耦合器的分光比实现微调,从而可得到更符合要求的分光比,提高了成品率。     

Semiconductor laser diode to single-mode fiber coupling using diffractive optical elements

An integrated mode converter consisting of two diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and a Silicon slab is presented for low-loss coupling between a semiconductor laser diode (LD) and a single-mode fiber (SMF). The phase structures of the DOEs are designed using iterative phase retrieval algorithm. We introduce a new far-field amplitude constraint into the iteration to provide very high mode conversion quality. Compared with previously published mode converters, the scheme is more universal because it’s applicable for any semiconductor LD. In simulation, coupling losses lower than 0.02 dB are predicted for all the discussed LDs with aspect ratios of the elliptical fields from 1 to 9. The requirements on axial displacement and rotation angle have been removed. The tolerance for 1-dB loss increment for lateral misalignment is 0.9 μm. And the coupling loss is insensitive to tilt angle.     

Transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of single-mode fiber coupler for fiber gyro application

The relationship between the transmitting spectra characteristic of a fused single mode fiber coupler (SMFC) and the performance of interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is analyzed in theory firstly. Then the transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of SMFC is experimented, and the influence of the spectrum-stability of the SMFC on IFOG is simulated and experimented. Through the theory analysis and experiment research, it is confirmed that the spectrum output from the SMFC's throughput port is more stable than that output from the coupled port, and the bias instability of the rotation errors induced by the variation of spectrum output from the SMFC's coupled port is 10 times of that output from the throughput port. Therefore, to choose the SMFC's throughput port as the input port for navigation-grade gyroscope is an effective method to improve the IFOG's performance.     

对称结构光纤光栅耦合器及其应用

光纤光栅耦合器(FGC)具有光纤光栅良好的波长选择特性和光纤耦合器的多端口特点，易于实现全光纤的光波分插复用。光纤光栅耦合器主要有4种结构：基于M Z干涉仪的分离型、基于100％耦合器的非对称型、基于0耦合器的非对称型和基于100％耦合器的对称型。着重介绍对称结构光纤光栅耦合器的结构、工作原理和研究现状。提出了测试方案，并探讨了这种器件在大规模波分复用光纤传感器阵列中的应用。     

Demonstration of an all-optical switching operation using an optical fiber grating coupler

An optical fiber grating coupler (FGC) is a fused optical fiber coupler with a tapered region in which refractive index-modulated gratings are written. In the FGC, the light with specific wavelength satisfying the Bragg condition of the grating can be dropped to one output port and other lights are transmitted to another output port when lights with various wavelengths are launched into the input port. The FGC can operate as an all-optical switch by controlling the Bragg wavelength of the grating using a third order nonlinear optical effect caused by a control light that are launched with a signal light. In this paper, an all-optical switching operation due to a third order nonlinear optical effect in an FGC is first demonstrated for a signal light with 1.55 μm-wavelength to be changed from one port of the FGC to another one by the 720 W peak of a control light from a Nd:YAG laser with 1.06 μm-wavelength. The switching efficiency obtained was 7%. It was clarified that a longer pulse length of the control light compared to the grating length is required to obtain a large Bragg wavelength shift for the switching. It was also clarified that the Bragg wavelength shift is caused by a third order nonlinear effect and a photothermal effect. A contribution of the photothermal effect was estimated. We also estimated the switching efficiency for pump power in the FGC switch.     

光纤耦合器制造中的动态监测系统

本文报道在研制熔接光纤耦合器中所建立的动态监测系统。这个系统由于利用了时间延迟技术,不仅能较高精度地数字显示成品光纤耦合器的静态分束比;而且能在器件的制造过程中监测分束比的变化,进而控制工艺,大大提高器件的成品率。     

Frequency-stabilized Yb:fiber comb with a tapered single-mode fiber

We demonstrate a stable Yb:fiber frequency comb with supercontinuum generation by using a specially designed tapered single-mode fiber, in which a spectrum spanning from 500 nm to 1500 nm is produced. The carrier-envelope offset signal of the Yb:fiber comb is measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB and a linewidth narrower than120 k Hz. The repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset signals are simultaneously phase locked to a microwave reference frequency.     

盲优化波前校正提高自由空间光通信光纤耦合效率

为了提高自由空间光通信系统的光纤耦合效率,介绍了一种新颖的基于盲优化波前校正的自适应光学系统。该系统不使用波前传感器,而是在信号进入接收端前,将畸变光信号分束后送入光电探测器,进行耦合效率计算;采用耦合效率的估计公式斯特列尔比为目标函数,用随机并行梯度优化算法最大化目标函数,以实时控制变形镜,从而使耦合进入单模光纤的光达到最优。数值结果表明,此系统能使光纤耦合效率从6%提高到约60%。     

具有高阶耦合色散系数三芯光纤耦合器非线性光开关特性的研究

利用两种方法研究了高速光脉冲在具有交叉相位调制的等边三角形排列结构的非线性三芯光纤耦合器中传输和开关特性.首先利用变分原理得到三纤芯中传输转移系数随距离变化的方程,然后利用分裂步长傅里叶方法求得了光脉冲的数值解.变分法和数值模拟的结果表明：当一阶模间色散系数较小时,光脉冲仍能在三芯之间周期性耦合传输,并且表现出良好的开关特性,但是随着一阶模间色散系数的增大,脉冲耦合传输的周期性和陡峭的开关特性都遭到破坏,光脉冲在传输中发生分裂;二阶耦合色散系数和初始啁啾都能使光脉冲传输时的耦合长度变短、光脉冲在三纤芯之间 关键词： 三芯光纤耦合器 模间色散系数 耦合长度 开关阈值功率     

太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器

提出了一种低损耗、宽频段太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器,光纤的包层由亚波长尺度呈三角晶格排列的空气孔组成, 两个纤芯分别由去掉7个空气孔构成.利用全矢量有限元法对光纤的色散、耦合特性以及损耗特性进行了理论分析. 研究表明,这种耦合器的损耗系数小于0.021 cm^-1,更重要的是可以实现0.14 THz范围内的宽频定向耦合. 这种定向耦合器在太赫兹通信系统中滤波、波分复用、偏振分离和开关等技术中有潜在的应用价值.     

太赫兹双空芯光纤定向耦合器

设计了一种低损耗太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器.采用全矢量有限元法对光纤的耦合特性、损耗和色散进行了理论分析.结果表明,这种光纤定向耦合器在1.55-1.80 THz范围内耦合长度小于1.8 cm,能够实现0.07THz范围内窄带耦合,且其损耗系数低于0.02 cm-1.这种耦合器将在太赫兹窄带滤波、波分复用、开关和偏振分离等技术中有潜在应用价值.     

空间激光与单模光纤和光子晶体光纤的耦合效率

为了设计最优光纤耦合系统,利用高斯模场近似单模阶跃光纤的模场和大模面积光子晶体光纤的模场,推导出了理想情况下空间激光与这两种光纤的耦合效率解析表达式以及光纤端面相对于耦合系统存在横向偏移和端面倾斜时的耦合效率解析表达式。基于上述理论表达式计算了空间激光与光纤的耦合效率,并通过实验验证了此理论表达式的有效性。理论计算和实验均证实了单模阶跃光纤对于横向偏移更敏感,当横向偏移量等于单模光纤的纤芯半径时所对应的耦合效率只有20.25%,为理论最大值的1/4;而大模面积光子晶体光纤对于端面倾斜更加敏感,当端面倾斜2°时对应的耦合效率只有40.5%,为理论最大值的1/2。所提出理论表达式和实验方法完全可以为设计光纤耦合系统提供准确的参数。     

Soliton switching and propagation in two-core nonlinear fiber coupler with high order coupling coefficient

We use the variational approach (VA) and the split-step Fourier transforms (SSFT) to study the transmission and switching characteristics inside the fiber nonlinear directional coupler (NDLC). The results, based on the VA, indicate that the second-order coupling coefficient dispersion and initiative chirp all reduce the coupling length, and the second-order coupling coefficient dispersion makes the switching characteristics become sharper and threshold power become bigger under the case of not having initiative chirp. The outcomes, based on the SSFT, indicate that the first order intermodal dispersion coefficient make optical pulses splitting in the propagation of fundamental solitons, and the second-order coupling coefficient dispersion reduces the coupling length, sharpens the switching characteristics and increases the switching threshold power, the results agrees well with those from the VA.     

Optical irradiation method for fiber coupler fabrications

An optical irradiation method for high-speed fiber coupler fabrications without contamination is proposed. In optical fiber taper fabrications we found an interesting effect that fiber elongation is self-arrested although laser irradiation is continued. This is a typical effect in the optical irradiation method, but is not seen in the flame method or the thermal heating method. The “self-controlled fiber taper shape effect” is theoretically explained by considering thermal energy flows, and optical fiber couplers are fabricated using this effect. From our experiments, we show that optical fiber coupler fabrications at high-speed without contamination are possible using the optical irradiation method.     

光纤复合环形腔单模激光器的研究

单模光纤激光器在光通讯和光传感中具有广阔的应用前景。分析了复合腔光纤激光器的构成及单模的实现特点,提出了一种新颖的光纤复合环形腔激光器结构,并对其进行了实验研究。该激光器使用了波长为980nm的半导体激光器作为泵浦源。三个腔长均为2m,彼此之间的腔长差为1～2mm的光纤环形滤波器与主谐振腔构成复合腔。此激光器在波长为1562nm处得到了线宽小于0.1nm的单模激光输出,输出的光功率可达到1mW。该激光器的阈值为5mW,斜率效率为4%。     

Study of in-line single-mode optical fiber polarizer

The theoretical calculation method of multilayer metal-clad planar optical waveguide presented by Y. YAMAMOTO is greatly improved and transplant into the optical fiber and a suitable waveguide model of in-line single-mode optical fiber polarizer is set up to study its characteristics, the theorical analyses are in accordance with the experimental re suits. The polarizer whose extinction ratio is more than 30 dB at 0.633μm wavelength with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB is formed by grinding off the cladding on one side of a single-mode fibre and evaporating metal onto the polished durface in our Lab.     

匹配液的折射率对光纤定向耦合器分光比的影响

本文从理论和实验二个方面研究了光纤定向耦合器中使用不同折射率的匹配液对其分光比的影响。做出了分光比在1/1～1/30之间变化的光纤定向耦合器。