超临界二氧化碳循环离心压缩机性能与流场分析

压缩机是超临界二氧化碳(S-CO₂)布雷顿循环的核心部件之一。本文以多级回热过程的热力学分析为基础,完善适用于S-CO₂Brayton循环热力设计,为不同循环结构的压缩机选择等熵效率合理适用范围。通过对叶轮内部流场模拟,分析压缩机性能,发现本文设计的叶轮模型在转速60000 r/min时具有最高的等熵效率。存在一个最佳的进口温度和压力使叶轮内的低温低压区域最小。随着流量和转速的增加,相变或冷凝区域范围会进一步增加,为超临界二氧化碳离心压缩机内部流场数值模拟的准确性和S-CO₂循环机组中压缩机的初步设计提供参考。     

轴流压气机内部流动失稳及机匣处理扩稳机理探索

本文首先利用动态测试手段和非定常数值模拟手段探讨了亚音速条件下叶顶复杂流动机制触发轴流压气机内部流动失稳机制.然后利用全三维非定常数值模拟技术对二种不同处理机匣与亚音速压气机转子叶顶流场之间的耦合流动机制进行了详细的分析,对比分析了处理机匣引入前后压气机叶顶流场结构的变化,研究结果表明:顶部间隙泄漏流所导致的堆积在叶片通道相邻叶片压力面附近的阻塞是触发该压气机内部流动失稳的主要的机制,而处理机匣结构能够抑制或者吸除叶顶区域由于顶部间隙泄漏流导致的阻塞,推迟相邻叶片压力面前缘附近间隙泄漏流溢流的出现,从而提高压气机的失速裕度.     

离心压气机内部非定常流场的数值模拟

应用NUMECA软件对跨声速离心压气机级动静叶相互干涉形成的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,给出了不同时刻叶片表面压力系数的变化曲线,不同时刻不同流向位置截面上速度沿流道宽度方向分布的变化曲线.模拟结果表明压力场和速度场的非定常特性主要表现在叶轮出口、径向间隙以及整个扩压器内.压力面上的非定常现象较吸力面上显著.     

某离心叶轮的CFD分析和结果确认

本文运用商业软件NUMECA对某离心压气机叶轮进行r数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验数据进行比较,证明数值模拟可以较为准确地预测叶轮整体性能以及内部流动状况.但是,数值计算无法准确模拟近失速工况,并且会夸大低速区的尺度,在模拟大流量点时会产生较大误差.数值模拟结果显示,本文用到的离心叶轮内部有明显的低速区形成,低速区会对叶轮整体性能产生很大影响.另外,本文中也就顶部间隙泄漏流对轮缘低速区的影响进行了探讨,结果表明,对本叶轮来讲,由于叶片数较少,二次流动现象明显,适度的顶部间隙产生的泄漏流能够有效抑制低速区的强度,使得效率反而有所提升.     

离心压气机非定常流动频域特性

以涡轮增压器56 mm离心压气机为研究对象,采用定常流动求解方法,对其三种不同转速下的工作特性进行了预测并与实验进行了对比分析;应用相延迟方法,对高转速近失速点工况下压气机内部的三维非定常流动进行了数值模拟及频谱分析,对叶轮流道、无叶扩压器以及蜗壳内的流动频谱特性进行了初步分析.频域分析表明,对于本文所研究的离心压气机,非定常脉动特性主要表现在叶轮流道中,是诱发压气机气动噪声的主要因素,而在蜗壳内,非定常脉动特性显著减弱.     

带有涡流发生器的离心压气机内流动分析

本文采用数值计算方法对带有和不带有涡流发生器(Vortex Generator Jet,VGJ)的低速离心压气机叶轮内流动进行了数值模拟,分析了涡流发生器不同配置参数对压气机叶轮性能的影响,较为详细地揭示了叶轮内流动特性,数值计算结果证明了采用涡流发生器实现离心压气机叶轮内部流动控制的有效性.     

离心泵叶轮叶片通道三元流场数值解法的一些研究(与解析解的对比)

一、前言 离心泵叶轮设计时宜采用数值方法计算叶轮叶片通道中三元流动参数分布,据之进行选型.故需对叶轮叶片通道三元流动参数数值计算方法进行研究.在吴仲华教授两类流面理论基础上,准正交面法可以用微型计算机以较少的计算时间求得三元流场数值解,并巳用于很多离心压气机叶轮设计选型,取得了显著的效果.     

跨音压气机转子近失速工况叶尖非定常流动分析

对跨音压气机Rotor35进行单通道全三维定常/非定常数值模拟,并与试验总性能和流场分布对比校核了数值计算精度。以此为基础开展的近失速工况点的非定常计算发现,来自相邻叶片通道未形成泄漏涡的间隙泄漏流体与来流、激波与泄漏涡干涉形成的低能破碎区相互作用形成了叶尖二次涡。叶尖二次涡向下游运动过程中,其所处的位置和产生的阻塞影响了近叶顶载荷的分布,最终使得叶尖部流场出现了循环往复的自维持的非定常波动现象。     

旋转离心叶轮与叶片扩压器间耦合流动的数值分析

以离心压气机内部动静部件耦合的非定常流场为研究对象，本文提出了动静耦合统一正命题型式，采用κ－ε紊流模型、同步计算动静耦合流场的方法，分别对下同流量工况下离心叶轮与叶片扩压器内部非定常流动进行了数值计算。计算结果与激光多普勒测量结果进行了比较：在设计工况下，离心叶轮与叶片扩压器相互匹配较好，而在非设计工况下，流道内流动趋向恶化。说明计算结果是有一定的可信度；计算结果同时说明，只有采用非定常算法，才有可能较好地描述动静部件耦合的流场。     

叶片数及分流叶片位置对压气机性能的影响

应用三维粘性计算程序对存在叶顶间隙泄漏时带分流叶片的离心压气机内部流动进行了数值模拟,重点分析了叶片数及分流叶片处于不同位置对压气机级内三维粘性流场及级性能的影响。计算中采用中心差分格式结合B-L代数模型使用时间推进法求解雷诺平均N—S方程。计算结果表明:叶片数增加,叶轮进口阻塞增加,压气机性能下降,但可有效降低叶轮单个叶片的载荷。分流叶片位于不同位置时,应用IBSA叶轮的压气机效率最高,压气机性能最好。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.