回热式气体压缩制冷系统性能整体优化

本文以回热式气体压缩制冷系统为研究对象,结合(火积)耗散分析与热力学分析,建立了回路中各点温度与设计参数的数学关系,明确了各设计参数间的约束关系,从而将系统设计优化问题转化为条件极值问题并求得理论解,实现了系统内多参数的全局优化。通过对以换热器总热导最小为优化目标的算例进行计算分析,发现当制冷需求、功耗及压比给定时,增大压比或预冷工质热容量流有利于回热式制冷系统总热导的减小,而增大净功耗则使总热导先减小后增加,在净功耗临界值处总热导极小。     

非对称空间光学遥感器主动热控系统多目标优化设计

针对大口径、离轴、非对称结构的空间光学遥感器主动热控功率最小分配的难题,提出一种基于多目标遗传算法的功率优化方法。首先根据空间相机结构建立有限元模型。然后,凭借设计者的经验,根据相机结构特点及大致热分布规律,初步划分热控区域,规划设计变量和目标变量。之后,将设计变量和目标变量代入多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解集。最后,在最优解集中选出合适的功率分配代入到仿真模型中进行计算,得到优化后的功率分配及温度场。对某离轴三反空间相机进行了功率优化和地面热平衡试验。经TMG仿真计算,优化后整机波动范围在低温工况和高温工况分别降低了4.76%和35.7%,并且总功耗降低了6.85%。经地面热平衡试验表明,整机温度场温差控制在±0.5℃以内,满足±2℃的指标要求。     

三维集成电路堆叠硅通孔动态功耗优化

三维集成电路堆叠硅通孔结构具有良好的温度和热特性. 提出了一种协同考虑延时、面积与最小孔径的堆叠硅通孔动态功耗优化办法. 在提取单根硅通孔寄生电学参数的基础上, 分析了硅通孔的直径对多层硅通孔的功耗与延时性能的影响, 由此构建了分层逐级缩减堆叠硅通孔结构, 分析了硅通孔高度与氧化层厚度的影响. 结果表明, 该模型可在牺牲少许延时的情况下显著优化动态功耗, 在允许牺牲延时5%的情况下, 堆叠硅通孔的动态功耗最多可减少19.52%.     

废水余热回收热泵系统的节能控制方法研究

当今社会有大量废水余热没有回收利用。本文通过不同热回收系统间的对比分析,提出一种基于粒子群优化BP神经网络PID的废水余热回收热泵系统。利用能量平衡原理,建立了系统数学模型;运用粒子群优化BP神经网络PID控制方法,实现了PID参数的在线调整,实现了冷凝器风扇和循环泵的在线调节,最终实现了系统控制。利用Matlab/Simulink建立了控制系统仿真模型,结果表明:该控制方法与传统PID控制方法相比有效提高了系统响应速度和降低了系统超调量。以浴室为例进行实验验证,结果表明:与传统定频系统相比,采用传统PID控制方法可使系统功耗降低10.3%,而采用粒子群优化BP神经网络PID控制方法可使系统功耗降低14.1%。仿真与实验结果表明了所提出数学模型和控制方法的有效性。     

基于双电源电压和双阈值电压的全局互连性能优化

基于双电源电压和双阈值电压技术,提出了一种优化全局互连性能的新方法.文中首先定义了一个包含互连延时、带宽和功耗等因素的品质因子用以描述全局互连特性,然后在给定延时牺牲的前提下,通过最大化品质因子求得优化的双电压数值用以节省功耗.仿真结果显示,在65 nm工艺下,针对5%,10%和20%的允许牺牲延时,所提方法相较于单电压方法可分别获得27.8%,40.3%和56.9%的功耗节省.同时发现,随着工艺进步,功耗节省更加明显.该方法可用于高性能全局互连的优化和设计. 关键词： 全局互连 双电源电压 双阈值电压 功耗     

带射流微小通道热沉的数值模拟及优化

本文对射流与微小通道结合的高热流密度热沉的性能进行了数值模拟。为比较不同结构尺寸的热沉性能,发展了一种同定流体泵功耗比较热源面温度的分析和优化方法,利用该方法对通道深度、喷口深度和通道宽度的影响规律进行了模拟分析和优化,结果表明这种热沉结构存在最优尺寸,最优尺寸和泵功有关。同时模拟结果也表明该热沉具有良好的散热性能,热...     

MFC液化流程的分析和优化

MFC为适用于大型LNG工厂的三阶液化流程,运行时功耗较高。因此流程任何的性能提升都能够明显降低功耗。使用HYSYS软件对MFC流程进行模拟和分析。对预冷、液化、过冷循环中制冷剂组分进行了敏感性分析,给出MFC流程中每阶循环中各组分对流程性能的影响。将MATLAB优秀的数值计算能力和友好界面等特点与HYSYS强大的物性包相结合,使用遗传算法对MFC液化流程进行全局优化,优化后流程比功耗降低为4.685k Wh/kmol。基于优化结果对流程中的主要设备进行分析,同时给出进一步降低损失的建议。     

增压锅炉过热器三维数值模拟及热偏差分析

本文选择简化的增压锅炉过热器整体模型作为计算区域,综合考虑过热器热力特性、水力特性和结构特性,给出合理的边界条件,利用FLUENT软件对过热器内部流场进行流动与传热的三维数值模拟,得到蒸汽质量流量、蒸汽密度、蒸汽焓值以及热偏差等参数的分布规律.简化的整体模型计算方法克服r大量弯曲长管束网格划分的难题,实现了过热器内流场的整体计算.计算结果和实际数据能够较好地吻合,较准确地反映出该锅炉的实际情况.为进一步确立过热器管柬壁温分布规律提供理论基础.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的火电厂机组负荷分配

以坑口电厂SIS系统机组负荷优化分配功能模块为应用背景,针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部收敛、收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种基于惯性权重非线性减小策略的改进粒子群优化算法。并且通过MATLAB与Visual C++混合编程,开发了机组负荷在线优化分配功能模块,提高了算法的计算效率和工程应用价值。     

基于RLCπ型等效模型的互连网络精确焦耳热功耗计算

基于互连网络的RLC π型等效模型,考虑电感的屏蔽作用和非理想的阶跃激励,提出了互连线网络在斜阶跃激励下的焦耳热功耗计算方法,极大地简化了互连网络中电流和功耗的表达式. 基于90 nm金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺的互连参数对所提出的计算方法进行了计算和仿真验证,对于上升信号小于1 ns的情况,计算结果与Hspice仿真结果的误差小于3%,具有很高的精度,适合应用于大规模互连网络中的功耗估算和热分析.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.