基于固定校正镜的折衍共形光学系统设计

设计了一个大扫描视场的折衍混合红外共形光学系统,共形成像系统工作波段为3.7～4.8 m,相对孔径为1/2,焦距为120 mm,扫描视场为40。由于共形光学系统具有大偏心、大倾斜光学特性,像差校正难度较大,设计中采用固定校正镜和折衍混合混合结构校正了共形光学元件的像差,引入了非球面和衍射面有效消除了各个扫描视场的像差。设计结果表明：光学系统光阑与探测器冷光阑重合,满足100%冷光阑效率。在40扫描视场范围内,共形光学系统的光学传递函数曲线接近衍射极限,成像良好。

     

基于固定校正镜的折衍共形光学系统设计

设计了一个大扫描视场的折衍混合红外共形光学系统,共形成像系统工作波段为3.7～4.8 m,相对孔径为1/2,焦距为120 mm,扫描视场为40。由于共形光学系统具有大偏心、大倾斜光学特性,像差校正难度较大,设计中采用固定校正镜和折衍混合混合结构校正了共形光学元件的像差,引入了非球面和衍射面有效消除了各个扫描视场的像差。设计结果表明:光学系统光阑与探测器冷光阑重合,满足100%冷光阑效率。在40扫描视场范围内,共形光学系统的光学传递函数曲线接近衍射极限,成像良好。     

制冷型中/长红外双波段双视场全景光学系统设计

为了同时探测中波红外和长波红外两个波段信息,实现两个不同视场快速切换,采用空间多镜头图像拼接全景成像法,设计了四通道制冷型中/长红外双波段双视场全景成像光学系统。该全景系统由周视方向3个互成120的红外物镜和顶视方向一个红外物镜构成,每一个成像通道光学系统采用二次成像结构。F数为2,工作波段为中波3.5 m～4.8 m、长波7.8 m～9.8 m,双视场两档焦距之比为5,通过轴向移动变倍组可以完成122/44.49双视场转换。利用折/衍混合器件及非球面设计技术,采用光学被动式消热差法对光学系统进行了温度补偿。设计结果表明,该双视场光学系统具有100%冷光阑效率和良好的冷反射抑制能力。在-40℃～+60℃范围内,在奈奎斯特频率18 lp/mm位置处,中波红外系统MTF值均大于0.5,长波红外系统MTF值均大于0.3。     

大相对孔径紧凑型无热化红外光学系统设计

根据目前搜索和跟踪系统要求其红外成像光学系统具有高成像质量、超轻小型化和高温度适应性的特点。采用折反射式光学系统结构形式,基于J-T制冷型320×320凝视焦平面阵列探测器,设计了一种大相对孔径紧凑型无热化红外光学系统,光学系统远摄比达到0.6。采用光学被动消热差方法进行设计,使该系统在-40℃～60℃温度范围内实现了无热化。同时采用杂散辐射分析软件对系统进行杂散辐射分析,提出合理杂辐射抑制方案,给出了完整的光学系统设计。结果表明,光学系统在不同温度环境下所有视场的调制传递函数(MTF)(17lp/mm)均接近衍射极限,80%的能量集中在1个像元内,且具有结构紧凑、体积小等优点,可满足搜索和跟踪红外光学系统的使用要求。     

折/衍混合红外光学系统的消热差设计

研究了衍射光学元件的温度特性以及混合红外光学系统的消热差设计方法.设计了工作在3.7～4.8μm,视场4.5°,具有100%冷光阑效率的折射/衍射混合红外光学系统.该系统在-30～70℃温度范围内成像质量接近衍射极限,可用于像元尺寸为30 μm的制冷型凝视焦平面阵列探测器上.     

双色红外共孔径消热差光学系统设计

针对红外搜索跟踪系统对目标的探测,为提高光学系统在复杂背景下的探测能力,设计了双色红外共口径光学系统。系统工作波段为红外中波3 m~5 m和红外长波8 m~12 m,采用分光型RC系统实现双波段共孔径清晰成像,总焦距为400 mm,相对孔径D/f=1/2,全视场角为2,为了抑制中波的热辐射杂光,对中波系统实现了二次成像,通过红外材料与光焦度的合理分配实现了折反式被动消热差设计。设计结果表明,系统在-40℃～+60℃工作温度下像质优良,能够满足红外搜索跟踪系统的使用需求。     

光学补偿式红外高变倍比步进变焦光学系统的设计

根据光学补偿变焦距理论,基于红外中波制冷型320240焦平面探测器,设计了31光学补偿式红外步进变焦光学系统。该光学系统工作波长范围为3 m～5 m,光学系统的F#和探测器相匹配,恒定为4,冷屏效率100%,焦距范围430 mm~12.867 mm。采用3种光学材料和非球面对光学系统进行优化设计,对7个视场严格校正了像差,各个视场的MTF曲线均接近衍射极限,获得了良好的像质。     

高分辨率制冷型中波广角红外成像系统的光学设计

设计了一个F数为2,工作波段为3.7～4.8μm,全视场2ω=111.2°的高分辨率制冷型中波广角红外成像光学系统。该系统采用二次成像构型,通过Si、Ge、ZnSe三种材料六片式对称布局,利用折/衍混合器件及非球面,实现了光学被动消热差设计,使系统在-55℃至+80℃的宽温范围内,在空间频率为33lp/mm处的光学传递函数(MTF)均大于0.4,系统在15μm的像素尺寸内,能量集中度大于70%;采用f-θ设计,使成像系统对不同视场具有相同的角分辨率;通过引入光阑像差和控制像方视场角,使像面具有较好的均匀性,边缘视场最低相对照度为中心视场的90.9%,且具有近100%的冷光阑效率,同时,系统具有较好的冷反射抑制效果,该光学系统适用于像素为15μm,分辨率为640pixel×512pixel的中波制冷探测器。     

基于卡塞格林系统的红外制冷型长焦分档变倍光学系统的设计

本文基于卡塞格林系统设计了红外制冷型长焦分档变倍光学系统,计算、推导了光学初始参数及组元的光焦度分配。采用了二次成像结构形式,主物镜组采用R-C光学结构用于缩短筒长,使用投影镜组解决冷屏匹配问题,利用调焦镜实现调焦,通过切换投影镜组后组实现变倍,然后对光学系统像差进行了优化设计,分别给出了长焦系统和短焦系统不同视场的成像质量优化结果,0.8视场内光学传递函数在空间频率17 lp/mm时均大于0.4。最后对主要结构进行了相应的精度分析,结果表明该设计能够很好地满足工程实际需要。     

大面阵红外两档变焦光学系统设计

针对面阵规模为1 280x1 024,像元尺寸为12 μm×12 μm的大面阵非制冷长波红外焦平面阵列探测器,设计了基于非球面的长波红外两档变焦光学系统,采用轴向移动式变焦方式实现焦距30 mm和54 mm切换,工作波段为8～12μm,F/#为0.9,宽视场时全视场角为36.3°,可用于跟踪和搜索目标;窄视场时全视场角...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.