晶粒尺度对延性金属材料层裂损伤的影响

微细观结构对材料动态损伤、破坏的影响是目前国内外力学领域的研究热点之一. 基于相关文献的实验结果, 通过理论分析, 给出了一个新的反映晶粒尺度效应的孔洞成核模型, 并将其耦合到延性金属材料层裂损伤模型中. 采用数值方法分析了晶粒尺度对高纯铜材料层裂损伤演化过程的影响. 计算结果显示: 随着材料平均晶粒尺度的增加, 自由面速度回跳点降低, 回跳后速度曲线的斜率增加; 损伤材料内部的孔洞数减少、平均孔洞尺寸增大.计算结果与相关文献所报道的实验 分析结果定性上符合较好. 该结果对于层裂损伤的深入研究具有一定的启发性. 关键词： 层裂 晶粒尺度 延性金属材料 冲击     

冲击加载下LY12铝合金的动态屈服强度和层裂强度与温度的相关性

采用可测量任意反射表面的速度干涉仪对LY12铝合金在不同初始温度条件下的动态屈服与层裂行为进行了实验研究，温度范围从室温到接近熔化温度.实验结果显示：LY12铝合金的动态屈服强度随着温度升高而快速下降，当初始温度为847K (比熔化温度低86K) 时，其屈服强度仅为室温下的15％，层裂强度也随着温度升高而减小，在296—847K的实验温度范围内，层裂强度损失80%.通过实验结果与模型估算值的比较，发现Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA) 模型可以对LY12铝合金的动态屈服强度与温度的相关性进行较好 关键词： 温度相关性 LY12铝合金 动态屈服强度 层裂强度     

飞秒激光驱动超高应变率加载下铝材料的层裂特性

层裂损伤是材料动态损伤破坏研究中最重要的问题之一,其损伤特性和机制随加载应变率不同表现出明显的阶段性规律。超高应变率条件下材料层裂损伤特性、规律和机制研究已成为极端条件下材料动态响应研究的重要内容,在工程应用和基础研究领域均有重要意义。采用飞秒激光驱动冲击加载技术开展了超高应变率条件下铝材料的层裂损伤实验研究,利用啁啾频域干涉超快诊断方法对铝材料的层裂损伤过程进行了诊断,分析并获得了在109 s-1应变率条件下铝材料的层裂强度约为7 GPa,结合前人的研究数据,解读了铝材料层裂强度随应变率的变化规律。     

温度、应变率和空位缺陷对氮化硼纳米管压缩性能的影响

采用分子动力学方法,分别模拟了完好的和含有缺陷的氮化硼纳米管的轴向压缩过程。原子间的相互作用采用Tersoff多体势函数来描述。结果表明,同尺寸的锯齿型氮化硼纳米管的临界轴向压缩强度高于扶手型氮化硼纳米管,这与碳纳米管的研究结果一致。发现纳米管的压缩强度,如临界轴向内力在低温下受温度影响明显,并且和应变率的大小有关。然而,应变率对纳米管的弹性变形没有影响。另外,还发现空位缺陷降低了纳米管的力学性能。与完好的纳米管相比,含有缺陷的纳米管轴向压缩强度对于温度的影响并不敏感。     

Effect of grain size and arrangement on dynamic damage evolution of ductile metal

Plate-impact experiments have been carried out to examine the effect of grain size and grain arrangement on the damage evolution of ultrapure aluminum. Two groups of samples, "cross-cut" and "longitudinal-cut," are obtained from the rolled aluminum rod along different directions. The peak compressive stress is approximately 1.25 GPa-1.61 GPa, which can cause incipient spall damage that is correlated to the material microstructure. The metallographic analyses of all recovered samples show that nearly all damage nucleates at the grain boundaries, especially those with larger curvature. Moreover, under lower shock stress, the spall strength of the "longitudinal-cut" sample is smaller than that of the "crosscut" sample, because the different grain sizes and arrangement of the two samples cause different nucleation, growth, and coalescence processes. In this study, the difference in the damage distribution between "longitudinal-cut" and "cross-cut" samples and the causes for this difference under lower shock-loading conditions are also analyzed by both qualitative and semi-quantitative methods. It is very important for these conclusions to establish a reasonable and perfect equation of damage evolution for ductile metals.     

Dependence of grain boundary character distribution on the initial grain size of 304 austenitic stainless steel

Abstract

In order to study the dependence of the grain boundary character distributions (GBCD) on the grain size, annealing treatment was carried out on 304 austenitic stainless steel with different initial grain sizes. The evolution of the GBCD was analysed by electron backscatter diffraction. The experimental results showed that abnormal grain growth (AGG) occurred when grain size was small. With a smaller initial grain size, the number density of abnormally large grains and the fraction of low-Σ CSL boundaries increased but the size of abnormally large grains decreased and the random boundaries presented a continuous network. With a larger initial grain size, the fraction of low-Σ CSL boundaries also increased as well as the size of abnormally large grains but the number density of abnormally large grains decreased and the connectivity of random boundary network was disrupted by low-Σ CSL boundaries, especially Σ3ⁿ (n = 1, 2, 3) boundaries. However, with a very large initial grain size, normal grain growth (NGG) occurred, which had no effect on the fraction of low-Σ CSL boundaries and the connectivity of random boundary network.     

面心立方多晶薄膜中应变能密度对晶粒取向的依赖

对附着在基体上面心立方多晶薄膜中不同取向晶粒的应变能密度进行了计算.结果表明:在屈服之前,5个最小的应变能密度对应的晶粒取向依次为(100),(510),(410),(511)和(310);在屈服膜中,5个最小的应变能密度对应的晶粒取向依次为(110),(100),(511),(411)和(211).仅考虑应变能,这些取向的晶粒将依次优先生长 关键词： 薄膜 应变能密度 晶粒生长     

Axial distribution of plasma fluctuations,plasma parameters,deposition rate and grain size during copper deposition

Floating potential fluctuations, plasma parameters and deposition rate have been investigated as a function of axial distance during deposition of copper in direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering system. Fluctuations were analyzed using phase space, power spectra and amplitude bifurcation plots. It has been observed that the fluctuations are modified from chaotic to ordered state with increase in the axial distance from cathode. Plasma parameters such as electron density (n_e), electron temperature (T_e) and deposition rate (D_r) were measured and correlated with plasma fluctuations. It was found that more the deposition rate, greater the grain size, higher the electron density, higher the electron temperature and more chaotic the oscillations near the cathode. This observation could be helpful to the thin film technology industry to optimize the required film.     

金属力学性能的温升率效应研究概述

总结了快速加热下金属力学性能温升率效应研究的有关工作和结果,包括二战刚结束的几年中美国的研究者采用材料宏观性能测试方法进行的研究和近十余年国内的研究者采用将宏观实验测试与材料微观组织观察相结合的方法进行的研究;指出在温升率效应方面应进一步进行更准确、系统的宏-微观实验和从时-空多尺度角度进行热-力-材料耦合的理论建模和数值模拟,获得更明确的规律性认识并归纳出工程可用的数学描述。     

热等离子体射流温度与放电功率和气体流量的定标关系

利用氮系统的高温热力学函数C_p,m,结合热量计算公式及能量平衡关系,在理论上得到热平衡等离子体射流温度与放电功率和气体流量的定标关系。结果表明,该过程满足相似性原理,射流温度不是功率和流量的一般二元函数,而是比值P_eff/f 的一元函数。并对结果进行了相关的分析和讨论,为热等离子体的应用提供了参考数据。     

Grain size effects on microstructural stability and creep behaviour of nanotwinned Ni free-standing foils at room temperature

Creep tests were performed on the high stacking fault energy (SFE) nanotwinned (NT) Ni free-standing foils with nearly the same twin thickness at room temperature (RT) to investigate the effects of grain size and loading rate on their microstructural stability and creep behaviour. The grain growth mediated by the twinning/detwinning mechanism at low applied stresses (<800 MPa) and grain refinement via the detwinning mechanism at high applied stresses (>800 MPa) were uncovered in the present NT-Ni foils during RT creep, both of which are attributed to the interactions between dislocations and boundaries. It appears that a higher initial dislocation density leads to a faster primary creep strain rate and a slower steady-state creep strain rate. Unlike the non-twinned metals in which grain growth often enhances the creep strain rate, the twinning/detwinning-mediated grain growth process unexpectedly lowers the steady-state creep strain rate, whereas the detwinning-mediated grain refinement process accelerates the creep strain rate in the studied NT-Ni foils. A modified phase-mixture model combined with Arrhenius laws is put forward to predict the scaling behaviour between the creep strain rate and the applied stress, which also predicts the transition from grain growth-reduced to grain refinement-enhanced steady-state creep strain rate at a critical applied stress. Our findings not only provide deeper insights into the grain size effect on the mechanical behaviour of nanostructured metals with high SFE, but also benefit the microstructure sensitive design of NT metallic materials.     

Effects of calcining temperature and heating rate on properties of high-permeability NiCuZn ferrites

The effects of calcining temperature and heating rate during sintering on densification and magnetic properties of high-permeability NiCuZn ferrites were investigated. It was confirmed that increasing calcining temperature lead to increase of the molding density (the pressed density of samples that have not been sintered), both molding density and activity of the calcined powders determined the sintering density (the density of samples after sintering) of the samples. With the calcining temperature of 1060 °C, the sintering density reached a peak. The initial permeability also peaked with the calcining temperature of 1060 °C, which could be attributed to the highest sintering density and relatively big grain size. Quality factor peaked with the calcining temperature of 1020 °C, which could be attributed to the biggest grain size. Calcining temperature had no distinct connection with Curie temperature, and it had a slight effect on the saturation magnetism (B_s) due to varieties of the sintering density. Further studies showed that heating rate had a pronounced effect on initial permeability and quality factor, which could be attributed to a variety in the grain size. The critical heating rate value was 2 °C/min in order to obtain high-performance NiCuZn ferrites with both high initial permeability and high quality factor.