二级轻气炮内弹道的数值模拟与性能分析

为了优化二级轻气炮的设计参数和工作参数,必须进行数值模拟。本文介绍了准一维不定常流的Lagrangian算法,讨论了数值模拟中的若干问题,分析了气动过程。根据我们的数值模拟,归纳了影响气炮性能的一些基本规律,可供选择工作参数时综合分析。     

气相爆轰驱动二级轻气炮内弹道数值模拟

二级轻气炮是超高速弹丸驱动技术中使用最广泛的技术之一, 它在超高速气动物理现象及材料高速碰撞下力学性能的实验研究和验证方面起着不可或缺的作用. 中国科学院力学研究所基于爆轰驱动方法研制了一座大型二级轻气炮, 可弥补高压气体驱动能力有限和火药使用受限的不足. 本文基于经过实验验证的准一维数值模拟方法, 详细研究了该设备的内弹道动力学参数及发射性能, 并探讨了不同发射方法及装填参数对设备性能的影响规律和机理. 研究结果表明, 氢氧爆轰驱动相比于高压气体驱动具有明显优势; 不同爆轰驱动方式对弹丸发射性能影响较小, 但其影响到整个设备的强度设计; 对装填运行参数的研究表明增大爆轰段充气压力可以有效加强轻气炮发射性能, 而活塞质量变化对发射速度的影响较为复杂, 轻气炮实际运行中受设备设计指标及模型材料性能的限制, 优化过程中需要同时调整3种参数以达到轻气炮最佳性能.      

点火过程和初始条件对燃烧轻气炮内弹道性能的影响

采用计算流体力学方法对燃烧轻气炮膛内燃烧过程进行数值模拟,分析不同的点火点数目和点火能量以及初始温度和压力对燃烧轻气炮内弹道特性的影响。结果表明,采用合理的点火点数目、初始温度和压力条件可以有效控制氢气的燃烧过程,减弱燃烧室内的压力波动。模拟结果对燃烧轻气炮膛内燃烧过程控制具有重要参考价值。     

一级气体炮内弹道数值模拟

利用拉格朗日方法跟踪弹后工质的运动规律，对一级轻气炮内弹道进行一维数值模拟。用此编码对我所φ100mm一级气体炮的内弹道进行计算，所得结果与实验弹道参数符合良好。并对影响弹丸速度的主要因素进行了简要的讨论。     

角色散FP干涉测速技术应用与分析

发展了固定腔结构的角色散FP干涉测速系统,干涉仪结构紧凑,采用固定腔标准具,实现了干涉 条纹永久免调,并且条纹常数的标定非常简单。该系统可用于靶面反射光强动态变化很大的场合,在电炮驱 动Mylar膜飞片实验中,光强变化达100倍时仍然获得了很好的结果。分析了标准具厚度误差、标准具端面 不平行、干涉条纹动态展宽和扫描图像畸变等因素对系统测量精度的影响以及系统的速度和时间分辨能力。     

一种非火药驱动气体炮内弹道模型及发射诸元协调

介绍一种新型非火药驱动的气体炮,它有五个气室控制气体炮的整个发射过程。给出了该气体炮的结构原理和内弹道数学模型,并通过计算机模拟,分析了这种气体炮的发射参数的协调和优化关系,指出了影响弹丸最大加速度的主要因素。     

Internal ballistics of a high velocity light gas gun

Flow, Turbulence and Combustion - In this communication the authors have given a theory of internal ballistics of a high velocity light gas gun in which the column of conventional propellant gas...     

高压气体驱动二级轻气炮发射过程的数值模拟方法及应用

二级轻气炮是一种常见的超高速发射装置,多年来其数值研究大多采用简化一维模型,鲜有三维有限元模型。以14 mm口径高压气体驱动二级轻气炮为研究对象,采用耦合欧拉-拉格朗日（coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, CEL）算法,根据膜片破裂与否,将二级轻气炮模型解耦为2个分级三维数值模型。为确定实验难以测得的参数（材料摩擦因数和膜片破膜压力）,设计正交试验,拟合确定活塞与泵管间摩擦因数为0.82,弹丸与发射管摩擦因数为0.30和膜片破膜压力为11.73 MPa。正交结果表明,摩擦因数对计算结果影响较大,在高压气体驱动二级轻气炮的计算中不应忽略。通过上述方法建立数字化高压气体驱动二级轻气炮,完整复现气炮发射过程,计算的弹丸终速与实验结果吻合度高。选取验证工况详细分析了气炮发射过程内流场变化,并呈现关键时刻的压力云图。该气炮简化方法、分级思想和关键参数确认方法可推广应用于固体发射药驱动、爆轰驱动等其他驱动形式的二级/多级轻气炮。

     

Equation for nonsteady-state combustion velocity of a powder

An integral equation is obtained for the nonsteady-state combustion velocity of a powder. It is shown that the effect of a variable tangential stream of gases on the rate of burning (nonsteady-state erosion) can be calculated in a similar way as for the change of pressure. The solution of the equation in linear approximation is considered (rate of burning differs slightly from steady-state).Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Teknicheskoi Fiziki, No. 4, pp. 73–78, July–August, 1970.     

燃烧轻气炮多级渐扩型燃烧室流场特性数值研究

为了分析多级渐扩型燃烧室结构对燃烧轻气炮氢氧燃烧特性的影响, 通过计算流体力学方法, 分别对采用传统圆柱型燃烧室和多级渐扩型燃烧室的燃烧轻气炮氢氧燃烧发射过程进行数值模拟。对比结果表明, 多级渐扩型燃烧室结构能够明显地减小燃烧室压力波动幅度, 提高氢氧燃烧稳定性; 多级渐扩型燃烧室内形成回流区, 可以减小气流轴向运动速度; 火焰扩展形态与渐扩型结构相吻合, 燃烧反应区表面变化平稳; 多级渐扩型燃烧室结构对氢氧火焰传播过程和压力波动现象有着重要影响。     

Solution with a linear velocity field for a submodel of one-dimensional gas motions

A method for finding exact solutions of the equations of gas dynamics with a linear velocity field is proposed. This method was used to find exact solutions for one submodel of the evolutionary type which was fully integrated for the case of a polytropic gas. Examples of particle motion for the obtain exact solutions are given.     

Numerical modeling of the nonstationary two-stage axisymmetric escape of a gas into a submerged space

This paper contains an exposition of the results of numerical modeling of the nonstationary two-stage flow of an underexpanded jet into the surrounding space by the method of coarse particles. A comparison is made with the results of experiment.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 153–156, July–August, 1978.     

Maximum wave velocity in the moments system of a relativistic gas

We consider the system of moments associated with the relativistic Boltzmann-Chernikov equation. Using the particular symmetric form obtained by the closure procedure of Extended Thermodynamics we deduce a lower bound for the maximum velocity of wave propagation in terms of the number of moments for a non-degenerate gas. When the number of moments increases this velocity tends to the speed of light. We also give the lower bound estimate in the limit cases of ultrarelativistic fluids and in the non relativistic approximation. Received September 28, 1998     

Time integration method to determine the characteristic parameter of a light extinctiometer

The linear relation between the particle concentration and the output voltage of a light extinctiometer used to measure particle concentrations has been derived and calibrated. A time integration method was introduced to determine the characteristic parameter of such a measuring system. This characteristic parameter which is proportional to the extinction coefficient is found to be in good agreement with its theoretical value. As an example, in a vertical tube the increasing particle concentration was measured behind a developing flat interface between a gas and a gas-particle mixture as a function of time.On leave from East China Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210014, The People's Republic of China