脉冲溶出伏安法中汞膜碳纤维电极性能的研究

采用脉冲阳极溶出伏安法,研究了汞膜碳纤维电极测定痕量金属离子的行为,并与汞膜玻碳电极和悬汞电极进行了系统的对比,显示了碳纤维电极在静止态溶液、极稀溶液、有机溶液和双电极体系中具有特殊的优越性。本文对该电极的制作,预处理和实际测试条件进行了探讨。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅱ.不可逆电极溶出

本文对在玻璃碳电极上不可逆溶出催化的理论进行了研究,推导了溶出催化过程的电流方程,峰电流和峰电势方程,并用微计算机模拟出各种关系曲线,从理论方程得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了二个数量级。本文还用钯的溶出催化实验验证理论方程,所得的实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅰ.可逆电极溶出

本文推导了玻璃碳电极上可逆溶出催化过程的理论电流方程、峰电流及峰电势方程,得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了数十倍,从而进一步提高了溶出伏安法的灵敏度。本文还用碲的溶出催化实验验证理论方程。所得实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

管式金电极差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定水中痕量硒

阳极溶出伏安法测定硒已见报导。本文主要介绍了采用管式金电极为流通池,差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定水中痕量硒的方法。管式电极流通池的制作和应用很方便,测定方法具有快速、灵敏、可靠、可用于连续分析的特点。本实验证实了管式电极和差分脉冲法联合应用的理论及其在分析应用中的优越性。本方法可望在现代连续流动分析中推广应用。     

铋膜电极电位溶出法测定痕量铅、镉、锌

研究了用铋膜电极替代汞膜电极测定痕量重金属元素铅、镉和锌的电位溶出法。实验了同位镀铋膜及测定重金属特别是痕量铅的条件。实验结果表明：铅、镉、锌在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰，峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近，使用铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。利用铋膜电极电位溶出法测定了水样及血样中痕量铅的含量。     

悬汞电极电位溶出分析法研究

电位溶出分析法近年来有迅速的发展和广泛的应用,八十年代初开始的该法理论研究的进展不仅定量解释了实验事实,而且开拓了该法应用的新领域,本文报告悬汞电极电位溶出分析法的理论研究结果。     

预镀铋膜阳极溶出伏安法测定废水中微量铅和镉

本文采用预镀铋膜法修饰玻碳电极,并用该电极对废水中微量铅和镉同时进行了阳极溶出伏安法测定,研究了预镀铋膜测定铅和镉的条件。实验结果表明:铅和镉在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰,峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近,使用预镀铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。     

痕量铜在金膜电极上阳极溶出伏安法的研究和应用

痕量铜的测定一般采用原子吸收或发射光谱法,但对ppb级的铜也有一定的困难。玻碳汞膜电极溶出伏安法对重金属分析有极高的灵敏度,并已广泛应用于痕量分析,如环境水样中痕量铜的测定也已有报导。崔春国报导了铜在金电极上的溶出法,邓家祺等报导了砷、碲等在金膜电极上的溶出法,并指出金膜电极的灵敏度胜过金电极。铜在金膜电极     

新型固体汞电极在仪器分析实验中的应用

介绍了仪器分析实验中阳极溶出伏安法的改进方法。利用银汞固体电极阳极溶出伏安法连续测定痕量铜、铅、镉、锌。在pH=4.7的HAc-NH4Ac缓冲液中,富集电位为-1.3V,Cu2 、Pb2 、Cd2 、Zn2 在固体汞电极表面分别还原成金属,并沉积在工作电极上。溶出时电极上沉积的金属分别于-0.13、-0.45、-0.63和-1.00V产生4个灵敏的溶出峰,灵敏度与传统的液态汞电极相当。避免了汞电极使用中的不方便性和毒性。用于大学生实验可得到较好的实验效果。     

金膜电极阳极溶出伏安法测定砷

阳极溶出伏安法测定砷已有一些报道,最合适的工作电极是金电极,但金电极的制备技术要求较高,使用时电极处理也较复杂。Daris等用预镀金膜电极测定砷以及彭图治等用同电位镀金阳极溶出法在1N硫酸中测定砷都存在一些缺点。我们用同电位镀金法比较了砷在盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸以及氯化铵等溶液中的溶出峰和重现性,在1N硝酸和高氯酸中砷的溶出峰较宽,灵敏度也较低,1N盐酸或0.5N氯化铵(pH3—4)比硫酸更     

Reciprocal derivative constant-current stripping analysis

Reciprocal derivative constant-current stripping analysis (RD-CCSA) is based on the measurement of dt/dE converted from a derivative signal, dE/dt, vs. electrode potential (E) during the stripping of analyte under galvanostatic conditions from a mercury-film electrode after preconcentration. The potential transient signal (E-t) in normal chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CPSA) is converted in RD-CCSA into a stripping peak (dT/dE)(p) the height of which is proportional to the bulk concentration of analyte in solution. The theory of RD-CCSA has been derived, and validated by the good correlation obtained between the theory and experimental data. Compared with normal CPSA, RD-CCSA is more sensitive and has higher resolution. The detection limit for cadmium is 6 x 10(-10)M. Simultaneous determination of Cd(2+), In(3+), and Tl(+) (for which the differences between the stripping peak potentials are 58 and 50 mV, respectively) which is impossible for normal CPSA, voltammetry or differential pulse polarography, has become possible with RD-CCSA.     

平面汞膜电极二阶倒导数电位溶出分析法研究

对电位溶出的Ｅ－ｔ曲线进行二阶倒导数处理，提高了二阶倒导数电位溶出分析法理论，其信号较一阶倒导数法增强约４３．１ｎ倍，分辨率由原来的６５．５ｍＶ／ｎ改善到４８．２ｍＶ／ｎ。用根据二阶倒导数法原理自行设计研制的多阶倒导数电位出仪验证了本提出了的理论，富集１２０ｓ，Ｃｄ＾２＋的检测限可达１．０×１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

Electrodeposition and stripping process by long optical pathlength potential-step transmission chronoabsorptometry

Based on the transmittance-averaged rather than absorbance-averaged model of long optical pathlength transmission spectroelectrochemistry, a reasonable theoretical model for potential-step electrodeposition and stripping process has been developed. It can accurately predict the stripping-chronoabsorptometric waveform with a peak absorbance with respect to the time rather than that with no peak but only a theoretical maximum absorbance at the initial stage of the stripping process. Cu(II) in NH(3) . H(2)ONH(4)Cl supporting electrolyte is utilized to verify the theory. With this anodic stripping spectroelectrochemical method, a detection limit of ca 0.01mM without stirring or ca 0.002mM under stirring during deposition can be achieved. An application in the analysis of copper in practical samples is presented.     

Depletive Stripping Chronopotentiometry: A Major Step Forward in Electrochemical Stripping Techniques for Metal Ion Speciation Analysis

A comparative evaluation of the utility of the various modes of stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) for trace metal speciation analysis is presented in the broad context of stripping voltammetric techniques. The remarkable fundamental advantages of depletive SCP at scanned deposition potential (SSCP) are highlighted, and the rigorous underpinning theory is described. The distinctive features of SSCP include: i) an effective getting around part of the Nernstian extension of the reoxidation process, leading to ii) greater resolution than conventional stripping voltammetries; iii) a certain insensitivity to electrochemical irreversibility, especially at a microelectrode; iv) in principle, freedom from induced metal ion adsorption interferences; v) no requirement for excess ligand during stripping; and vi) ability to provide a certain measure of any chemical heterogeneity in the metal speciation that is easily distinguishable from effects of electrochemical irreversibility.     

Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry with a mercury-plated reticulated vitreous carbon electrode

A rotating mercury-plated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode is tested for square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry; RVC provides very large surface areas which are easily plated with mercury. Despite the ill-defined geometry of the electrode, the square-wave stripping peaks are very well defined; their behaviour conforms partly to known theory for square-wave stripping from mercury film electrodes. Fast analytical determinations of lead and cadmium in the μg l^?1 range are facilitated by the high efficiency of the preconcentration step and the high sensitivity given by the stripping waveform.     

搅拌条件下电流密度对Cu镀层的结构和表面形貌的影响

电沉积;晶体取向;搅拌条件下电流密度对Cu镀层的结构和表面形貌的影响     

Separation of Trivalent Samarium through Facilitated Stripping Dispersion Hollow Fiber Liquid Membrane Using p204 as Mobile Carrier

The separation of Sm(III) through stripping dispersion hollow fiber liquid membrane system (SDHFLM) containing feed phase adding acetate buffer solution and dispersion solution with HCl solution as the stripping solution and membrane solution of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (p204) dissolved in kerosene, has been studied. A set of factors were studied, including pH value, initial concentration of Sm(III) and different ionic strength of feed phase, volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution (O/W), HCl concentration, carrier concentration, different stripping agents of dispersion phase on Sm(III) separation. Experimental results indicate that the optimum separation conditions of Sm(III) were obtained as that HCl concentration was 4.00 mol/L, p204 concentration was 0.150 mol/L, and volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution (O/W) was 1.00 in the dispersion phase, and pH value was 4.60 in the feed phase. Ionic strength had no obvious effect on separation of Sm(III). When initial Sm(III) concentration was 1.00×10^?4 mol/L, the separation rate of Sm(III) was up to 93.5% in 85 min. The kinetic equation was developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry. The modeled results were in good agreement with the experiment data.     

超微盘电极上电位溶出分析法理论

本文提出了超微盘电极上电位溶出分析法理论,内容包括:过渡时间(τ)方程式、电位(E)-时间(t)曲线方程式及微分电位溶出分析法dt/dE-E曲线方程式,并对该曲线的性质进行了论述。     

An iridium based mercury film electrode: Part II. Comparison of mercury-film electrode behaviors: theory versus reality

An experimental study of a 2 mm diameter iridium based mercury film rotating disk electrode (IrMFE) is presented. Using anodic stripping voltammetry and test ions of cadmium, lead and zinc, the effects of Hg film thickness on peak potential, half-width and peak height are compared with the predictions given by the De Vries and Van Dalen theory. The response of the Ir-MFE was found to be theoretical for Hg film thicknesses less than 1 μm. Application of this classical theory to real Hg film electrodes, on any type of substrate, is found to be inappropriate when the Hg film thickness begins to exceed 1 μm. It is also shown that the stripping peak characteristics at a semi-spherical film electrode can be estimated by assuming that it is composed of a large number of annular flat films. The individual responses of the flat films can be summed to give the overall semi-spherical response.     

微电极电位溶出法研究进展

本文介绍用于电位溶出分析（ＰＳＡ）的固体微电极的种类及制作，综述了该领域研究的理论进展、技术应用及其方法的优越性，引用文献４１篇