On the Cauchy problem for macroscopic model of pedestrian flows

In this paper, we discuss the limit behavior of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with stiff relaxation terms to the local systems as the relaxation time tends to zero. The prototype is crowd models derived from crowd dynamics according to macroscopic scaling when the flow of crowds is supposed to satisfy the paradigms of continuum mechanics. Under an appropriate structural stability condition, the asymptotic expansion is obtained when one assumes the existence of a smooth solution to the equilibrium system. In this case, the local existence of a classical solution is also shown.     

On the necessary and sufficient condition for the extended Wedderburn–Guttman theorem

Let A be a u by v matrix, and let M and N be u by p and v by q matrices, where p may not be equal to q or rank(M^′AN)<min(p,q). Recently, Galantai [A. Galantai, A note on the generalized rank reduction, Acta Math. Hungarica 116 (2007) 239–246] presented what he claimed to be the necessary and sufficient condition for rank(A-AN(M^′AN)^-M^′A)=rank(A)-rank(AN(M^′AN)^-M^′A) to hold. This rank subtractivity formula along with the condition under which it holds is called the extended Wedderburn–Guttman theorem. In this paper, we show that some of Galantai’s assertions are incorrect.     

Nonclassical interactions portrait in a macroscopic pedestrian flow model

In this paper we describe the main characteristics of the macroscopic model for pedestrian flows introduced in [R.M. Colombo, M.D. Rosini, Pedestrian flows and non-classical shocks, Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 28 (13) (2005) 1553-1567] and recently sperimentally verified in [D. Helbing, A. Johansson, H.Z. Al-Abideen, Dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study, Phys. Rev. E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics) 75 (4) (2007) 046109]. After a detailed study of all the possible wave interactions, we prove the existence of a weighted total variation that does not increase after any interaction. This is the main ingredient used in [R.M. Colombo, M.D. Rosini, Existence of nonclassical Cauchy problem modeling pedestrian flows, technical report, Brescia Department of Mathematics, 2008] to tackle the Cauchy problem through wave front tracking, see [A. Bressan, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws. The One-Dimensional Cauchy Problem, Oxford Lecture Ser. Math. Appl., vol. 20, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000, The one-dimensional Cauchy problem; A. Bressan, The front tracking method for systems of conservation laws, in: C.M. Dafermos, E. Feireisl (Eds.), Handbook of Differential Equations; Evolutionary Equations, vol. 1, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 87-168; R.M. Colombo, Wave front tracking in systems of conservation laws, Appl. Math. 49 (6) (2004) 501-537]. From the mathematical point of view, this model is one of the few examples of conservation laws in which nonclassical solutions have a physical motivation, see [P.G. Lefloch, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws, Lectures Math. ETH Zürich, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2002, The theory of classical and nonclassical shock waves], and an existence result is available.     

On a multivariable extension for the extended Jacobi polynomials

The main object of this paper is to construct a systematic investigation of a multivariable extension of the extended Jacobi polynomials and give some relations for these polynomials. We derive various families of multilinear and multilateral generating functions. We also obtain relations between the polynomials extended Jacobi polynomials and some other well-known polynomials. Other miscellaneous properties of these general families of multivariable polynomials are also discussed. Furthermore, some special cases of the results are presented in this study.     

On the Boltzmann system for a mixture of reacting gases

Exact analytical solutions to the nonlinear spatially homogeneous integro-partiaS differential Boltzmann system, governing the distribution functions of the rarefied gases of a given mixture in the presence of scattering, removal and chemical reaction effects, are derived upon the hypothesis of constant collision frequencies, BGK-type scattering and creation laws, and particles possessing only translational energy. Four classes of second-order chemical reactions are investigated together with the relevant continuity system for the number densities of the participating species.

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Sommario In questo lavoro vengono riportate soluzioni analitiche esatte del sistema integro-differenziale non lineare di Boltzmann, che definisce le funzioni di distribuzione di una miscela di gas rarefatti in presenza di effetti di scattering, di rimozione e di reazioni chimiche. Tre sono le ipotesi invocate, a precisamente: i) la costanza delle frequenze di collisione; ii) il modello di BGK per le leggi di scattering e di creazione, e iii) le particelle costituenti i gas considerati sono dotate di sola energia di traslazione. Vengono cosí studiate quattro classi di reazioni chimiche del secondo ordine insieme al corrispondente sistema di continuità per le densità delle specie partecipanti.

     

On a homogeneity condition for MV-algebras

In this paper we deal with a homogeneity condition for an MV-algebra concerning a generalized cardinal property. As an application, we consider the homogeneity with respect to α-completeness, where α runs over the class of all infinite cardinals. This work was supported by VEGA grant 1/9056/02.     

Stability of rarefaction wave for a macroscopic model derived from the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system

In this article, we are concerned with the nonlinear stability of the rarefaction wave for a one-dimensional macroscopic model derived from the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system. The result shows that the large-time behavior of the solutions coincides with the one for both the Navier-Stokes-Poisson system and the Navier-Stokes system. Both the time-decay property of the rarefaction wave profile and the influence of the electromagnetic field play a key role in the analysis.     

A macroscopic model for magnetic shape-memory single crystals

A rate-independent model for the quasi-static magneto-elastic evolution of a magnetic shape-memory single crystal is presented. In particular, the purely mechanical Souza–Auricchio model for shape-memory alloys is here combined with classical micro-magnetism by suitably associating magnetization and inelastic strain. By balancing the effect of conservative and dissipative actions, a nonlinear evolution PDE system of rate-independent type is obtained. We prove the existence of so-called energetic solutions to this system. Moreover, we discuss several limits for the model corresponding to parameter asymptotics by means of a rigorous Γ-convergence argument.     

Discontinuous periodic behaviour in a looped macroscopic model of traffic dynamics

A whole link model of traffic flow in which the link trip time varies linearly with link volume is investigated in the case where a fraction of the flow exiting the link is ‘re-injected’ as inflow, thus forming the link into a loop. The scenario where the fraction of flow re-injected linearly decreases as the volume of traffic on the link increases is considered. It is found that for certain parameter choices a continuous periodic inflow can lead to sharp post-transient discontinuities in periodic outflow. The conditions under which this type of behaviour can occur are considered.     

On the Thomsen condition for webs

By finding the single identity exactly corresponding to Thomsen's condition, a simpler proof is given of the fact that a web satisfies that condition if and only if the associated quasigroup is isotopic to an abelian group.Dedicated to R. Artzy's 70th Birthday     

On a necessary condition for B-spline Gabor frames

In a previous note Gröchenig et al. prove that if g is a continuous function with compact support such that the translates of g form a partition of unity, then g cannot generate a Gabor frame for integer values of the frequency shift parameter b greater than 1 (Gröchenig et al. in IEEE Trans Inform Theory 49:3318–3320, 2003). We give a simpler proof of this result which applies also to windows g which are neither continuous nor with compact support. Our proof is based on a necessary condition for Gabor frames due to Heil and Walnut.     

The uniqueness condition for a weakly periodic Gibbs measure for the hard-core model

We study the hard-core model on the Cayley tree. We show that this model admits only periodic Gibbs measures with the period two. We find sufficient conditions for all weakly periodic Gibbs measures to be translation invariant.     

On a necessary condition in the calculus of variations

Work supported by CNR.