高热膨胀Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的制备及性能研究

采用传统熔体冷却法制备了Na2O-MgO-Al2 O3-SiO2玻璃并采用整体析晶工艺制备了微晶玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM等测试手段研究了微晶玻璃的析晶行为和显微结构,探讨了热处理制度对该体系微晶玻璃热膨胀系数、密度、抗弯强度、显微硬度等性能的影响.研究结果表明,当晶化温度为800℃时该体系微晶玻璃主晶相为颗粒状霞石晶体(NaAlSiO4);当晶化温度达到900℃时玻璃中开始析出镁橄榄石(Mg2SiO4)晶体;延长保温时间可显著促进析晶但对晶体种类没有影响.析晶后微晶玻璃的密度、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和显微硬度值显著增加,其最高热膨胀系数可达14.1×10-6℃-1.所制备的微晶玻璃具有很好的机械性能,当热处理温度为1000℃时,其抗弯强度和显微硬度分别达160 MPa和7.8 GPa.     

基础成分配比对白云鄂博尾矿微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响

以白云鄂博二次选后尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料,采用熔融法制备得到了CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系尾矿微晶玻璃.制备流程包括熔融、退火、核化及晶化过程.其中玻璃熔融温度为1450℃,核化温度为720℃,晶化温度为850℃.利用XRD研究了基础玻璃成分配比对微晶玻璃结构的影响.结果表明基础玻璃成分配比直接决定微晶玻璃的主晶相形成.随着基础玻璃成分配比的变化,微晶玻璃可能形成辉石相、钙长石相、镁铁尖晶石相或磁铁矿相.当其他元素固定,CaO/MgO和CaO/Al2O3比值的减小会导致微晶玻璃由辉石相转变为镁铁尖晶石相和钙长石相.而当SiO2/CaO比值大于2时,主晶相则由辉石相转变为磁铁矿相.DTA测试结果表明CaO有利于析晶温度的降低,而MgO、Al2O3和SiO2相对提高了析晶温度.力学性能测试表明抗折强度、密度、耐酸碱度与微晶玻璃主晶相有直接关系.主晶相为辉石相的微晶玻璃具有更高的抗折强度、密度和耐酸性.     

Fe2O3对CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶及断裂特性的影响

采用熔融法,利用纯化学试剂制备了CaO-A12O3-MgO-SiO2 (CAMS)系微晶玻璃,利用DTA、XRD、拉曼光谱仪等研究了Fe2O3对微晶玻璃析晶特性的影响规律,微晶玻璃的物化性能由抗折强度、杨氏模量、剪切模量、泊松比、维氏硬度等进行评价.结果表明,微晶玻璃的析晶特性随着Fe2 O3含量的增加而增强,对应母体玻璃中首先出现富铁相,进而促进辉石主晶相的析出.微晶玻璃的断裂特性及裂纹扩展方式均随析晶度的提高得到明显改善.但过量的Fe2O3添加则对微晶玻璃的析晶特性无明显影响,反而降低了玻璃相的致密性.微晶玻璃的耐酸性、抗折强度、杨氏模量及剪切模量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,微晶玻璃的Fe2 O3含量为6.6wt;时综合性能最优.     

Fe2O3掺杂对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃析晶和性能的影响

采用高温熔融法和两步法微晶热处理制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系堇青石微晶玻璃和铁尖晶石微晶玻璃.利用DSC分析、X射线衍射、FTIR和扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了Fe2O3对玻璃的析晶性能、显微结构和物理性能的影响.结果表明,Fe2 O3的加入可有效降低析晶活化能,促进晶体的析出.当Fe2O3含量达到7.44;时,主晶相由堇青石变为铁尖晶石.Fe2O3掺杂使样品的介电常数由3.2增大至5.8、热膨胀系数由1.941× 10-7增大至7.74×10-6、维氏硬度由7.131GPa增大至11.655 GPa,同时介电损耗由0.05降低至0.015.     

CaF2对自然冷却黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶行为影响

借助DTA、SEM、XRD等分析测试手段,研究氟化钙晶核剂含量对自然冷却态黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶及其性能的影响规律.利用修正后的JMA方程计算微晶玻璃的析晶活化能E及晶体生长指数n动力学参数.结果表明:CaF2晶核剂的引入可以促进微晶玻璃的析晶,改变析晶峰温度和活化能.随着CaF2进一步添加并不能改变主晶相(硅灰石)类型,而是生成新的CaF2晶相,同时改晶粒尺寸.当添加2.5wt; CaF2时,微晶玻璃的析晶动力学参数最优,产品性能优异,可以作为优良的建筑装饰材料.     

晶核剂P2O5对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

采用熔融法以自然冷却黄磷炉渣为主要原料,P2O5为晶核剂,制备了黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析技术手段,探究了晶核剂P2O5(以KH2PO4的形式引入)对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶化行为及物化性能的影响规律.结果表明:黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp及析晶活化能E随着P2O5晶核剂的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势;当晶核剂P2O5加入量达到4wt;时,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp及析晶活化能E最小,析晶效果最优,物化性能最优;主晶相硅灰石(CaSiO3)并不随着晶核剂P2O5加入量的增大而发生改变,同时能够促进晶相氟磷灰石(Ca5(PQ)3F)生成.     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)微晶玻璃的析晶及特征

采用熔融法制备了不同P2O5及F含量的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)基础玻璃试样,研究了CaO-MgO- Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)系微晶玻璃的析晶及特征.结果表明:在CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-8.0wt;P2O5玻璃中,表面析晶和内部析晶同时存在,析出晶体主要为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)相、硅灰石(CaSiO3)和α-磷酸钙(Ca3(PO4)2).玻璃中P2O5含量的提高抑制玻璃的表面析晶,同时促进了玻璃的整体析晶和α-磷酸钙晶体析出.同时添加P2O5和F的玻璃试样以整体析晶为主,析出晶体为块状氟磷灰石和粒状钙长石相.     

P2O5对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

采用熔融法制备了不同P2O5含量的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃样品,研究了P2O5对该系微晶玻璃析晶的影响规律.结果表明:在所研究的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃中,P2O5的最大溶解量在10.0;质量分数左右,超过其饱和溶解度后将析出α-磷酸钙相.玻璃中添加4.0;质量分数P2O5时以表面析晶为主,析出晶体为钙长石和少量硅灰石.随着P2O5含量的提高, α-磷酸钙逐渐析出,同时钙长石和硅灰石的析出逐渐降低.进一步提高P2O5含量抑制了玻璃的表面析晶,促进了玻璃的分相和整体析晶.当P2O5的含量达到10;时,玻璃以整体析晶为主,在分相区内外区域析出晶体的形态非常相似,均呈现为细小粒状.     

TiO2对黄磷炉渣-滇池底泥微晶玻璃析晶的影响

利用自然冷却黄磷炉渣和滇池底泥为原料协同制备微晶玻璃.借助差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究晶核剂TiO2对微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响.结果表明:随着TiO2添加量的增加,基础玻璃的析晶活化能E逐渐增加,析晶效果逐渐变差;TiO2的添加不改变微晶玻璃的晶相类型,其晶相均为镁黄长石(Ca2MgSi2O7)和钙黄长石(Ca2Al2SiO7);原料本身含有的TiO2就能促进黄磷炉渣-滇池底泥基础玻璃整体析晶,析晶活化能最小且性能最优.     

熔制坩埚对CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

以白云鄂博二次选后尾矿、高炉渣和粉煤灰为主要原料,采用熔融法分别在氧化铝坩埚和石墨坩埚熔制制得CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 (CAMS)系微晶玻璃,利用DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、ICAP、XPS等测试手段,研究了不同坩埚熔制对微晶玻璃成分、显微结构及性能的影响.研究表明:高温玻璃熔液对氧化铝坩埚的侵蚀作用及石墨坩埚的还原作用,使基础玻璃中Al2O3和Fe2O3含量发生较大变化,氧化铝坩埚熔制制备的基础玻璃有一个析晶峰,温度为905 ℃,对应的微晶玻璃主晶相为含铁透辉石Ca(Mg,Al) (Si,Al)2O6,而石墨坩埚熔制制备的基础玻璃出现两个析晶峰,温度分别为866℃和805℃,对应的微晶玻璃主晶相透辉石Ca(Mg,Al) (Si,Al)2O6和次晶相柯石英SiO2,由于以上原因导致制备的微晶玻璃在显微结构及理化性能上也存在一定的差异.     

CaO和ZrO2对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷晶化和压电特性的影响

本文采用恒温场晶粒定向晶化工艺制备了Ba2TiSi2O8(BTS)极性玻璃陶瓷.以1.2BaO-1.0TiO2-2.6SiO2为基础玻璃,分别加入20;摩尔CaO和10;摩尔ZrO2,研究添加氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷的晶化和压电性能的影响.实验表明,加入CaO和ZrO2都影响主晶相的析出过程,特别是,加入ZrO2使玻璃陶瓷中产生BaZrSi3O9第二相.同时,测试结果显示,加入20;摩尔CaO有利于BTS晶体的定向析晶;而加入ZrO2不利于BTS晶体的定向析晶.     

纳米级SnO2或Yb2O3对熔融石英陶瓷析晶性能的影响

通过XRD分析和热膨胀率实验,从析晶角度探讨了添加纳米级SnO₂或Yb₂O₃对熔融石英陶瓷析晶性能的影响。结果表明:熔融石英陶瓷高温析晶的主要晶化产物为方石英,方石英析出量随烧结温度的提高而逐渐增多;纳米级SnO₂或Yb₂O₃的引入可通过抑制熔融石英中方石英的析出,有效地降低熔融石英材料在升温过程中的热膨胀率,并且随着烧结温度升高需要不断调整添加剂用量,纳米级SnO₂和Yb₂O₃的最佳用量(质量分数)分别为1%和2%。     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–CaO–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> glass containing nucleation agent P<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Fe₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂ glass ceramics containing nucleation agent P₂O₅/TiO₂ were prepared by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The activation energy and kinetic parameters for crystallization of the samples were calculated by the Johnson-Mehi-Avrami (JMA) model and Augis-Bennett method according to the results of DSC. The results showed that the crystallization mechanism of Fe₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂ glass, whose non-isothermal kinetic parameter n = 2.3, was consistent with surface crystallization of the JMA model. The kinetics model function of Fe₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂ glass, f(α) = 2.3(1–α)[–ln(1–α)]^0.57, was also obtained. The addition of nucleation agent P₂O₅/TiO₂ could reduce the activation energy, which made the crystal growth modes change from onedimensional to three-dimensional.     

Effects of CaO on crystallization properties in BaO-SrO-TiO2-SiO2 glass-ceramics

The role of calcium oxide (CaO) was investigated in the crystallization of BaO-SrO-TiO₂-SiO₂ glass. The CaO dopant altered the oriented growth facets of crystal unit cells in the glass-ceramics. The crystallites are acicular in micron scale in the samples having as small as 1% CaO dopant, but are long granular in the nanometer scale in the sample without CaO. The glass-ceramics which have nano crystallites are observed with a less crystallization density qualitatively, a higher transmissivity in the wavelength range of 200-2600 nm, and 30% lower piezoelectric coefficient, d₃₃, at 9.5 ± 0.3 pC/N than those glass-ceramics having CaO in the study.     

Crystallization of 2(Ca,Sr,Ba)O-TiO2-2SiO2 composition glasses

Crystallization was examined for glasses having chemical composition of 2(Ca,Sr,Ba)O-TiO₂-2SiO₂ in which the CaO/SrO/BaO molar ratio varied. Powdered glass samples were pelleted into disks and sintered at 950 °C for 2 h. The major phase precipitated in the sintered samples was (Ca,Sr,Ba)₂TiSi₂O₈ and minor phase of perovskite such as CaTiO₃ or SrTiO₃ increased with CaO content in the samples containing more than 40 mol% of CaO in total CaO+SrO+BaO. Three regions having different slopes were found in linear relationships between SrO mol% and exothermal peak temperature on DSC curves or d[0 0 2] values determined by powder XRD method. These facts suggested that the major phase precipitated in each region was a solid solution containing a different amount of CaO, SrO, BaO and that these compositions varied depending on SrO content in the sample. The micro-crystalline structure, which could be useful in fabricating a dielectric dense body, was observed for samples containing 30-70 mol% of SrO.     

Crystallization of lithium metasilicate from lithium disilicate glass

The crystallization behavior of lithium disilicate glass powder heated in molten LiNO₃ salt was investigated using X-ray diffraction techniques. Heat treatment at 500°C with LiNO₃ molten salt caused a lithium metasilicate, Li₂SiO₃, crystal phase to appear after 5–96 h. By contrast, glass powder heat-treated in air at 500°C remained amorphous after 5 h and turned into lithium disilicate, Li₂Si₂O₅, crystal after 40 h. Qualitatively similar results were obtained at 400°C. Glass powder heat-treated at 575°C in both molten salt and in air turned into lithium disilicate crystal. Metasilicate crystallization occurs with LiNO₃ molten salt at 500 and 400°C due to the incorporation of lithium into the sample glass powder from the melt during crystallization. An increase in lithium content in the sample after molten salt heat treatment was confirmed by chemical analysis using dc plasma emission spectroscopy.     

纳米氧化镱对熔融石英析晶动力学机制的影响

本文研究引入纳米氧化镱对熔融石英析晶机制及动力学过程的影响.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试结果分析了纳米氧化镱的引入对熔融石英陶瓷析晶率的影响,采用动力学方法分析了纳米氧化镱的引入对熔融石英陶瓷析晶机制的影响,同时探讨了其等温析晶动力学过程.研究表明,熔融石英陶瓷的晶粒向二维兼有一维及三维的方式生长,引入纳米氧化镱的熔...     

Influence of Bi2O3 content on the crystallization behavior of TeO2–Bi2O3–ZnO glass system

Glass ceramic materials with composition 75TeO₂–xBi₂O₃–(25-x)ZnO (x = 13, 12, 11) possessing transparency in the near- and mid-infrared (MIR) regions were studied in this paper. It was found that as the Bi₂O₃ content increased in the glass composition, the observed crystallization tendency is enhanced, and high crystal concentrations were obtained for the glasses with high Bi₂O₃ content while maintaining transparency in the MIR region. Crystal size in the glass ceramic was reduced by adjusting the heat treatment conditions; the smallest average size obtained in this study is 700 nm. Bi_0.864Te_0.136O_1.568 was identified using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and found to be the only crystal phase developed in the glass ceramics when the treatment temperature was fixed at 335 °C. The morphology of the crystals was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and crystals were found to be polyhedral structures with uniform sizes and a narrow size distribution for a fixed heat treatment regime. Infrared absorption spectra of the resulting glass ceramics were studied. The glass ceramic retained transparency in the infrared region when the crystals inside were smaller than 1 μm, with an absorption coefficient less than 0.5/cm in the infrared region from 1.25 to 2.5 μm. The mechanical properties were also improved after crystallization; the Vickers Hardness value of the glass ceramic increased by 10% relative to the base glass.     

Nucleation and growth of needle-like fluorapatite crystals in bioactive glass–ceramics

The nucleation behaviors of glass–ceramics with different Ca–mica (Ca_0.5Mg₃AlSi₃O₁₀F₂)/fluorapatite ratios were investigated. By using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS), the effect of CaO and P₂O₅ addition on the nucleation behaviors was studied. Results showed that the addition of CaO and P₂O₅ promoted nucleation process and led to the formation of different nucleation phases. After further heat treatment, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F crystals were of needle-like morphology, instead of particle-like reported in previous studies. This can be attributed to the one-dimensional rapid growth of fluorapatite along the c-axis. The values of the Avrami parameter, n, and the dimensionality of crystal growth, m, are found to be 2 and 1, respectively, which indicated that the bulk nucleation is the dominant mechanism in crystallization, and one-dimensional growth of fluorapatite is preferred. Since needle-like fluorapatite crystals are of the same morphology to hydroxyapatites in human bones, the glass–ceramics thus prepared show excellent bioactivity in vivo.