Characterization of a suite of ginkgo-containing standard reference materials

A suite of three ginkgo-containing dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with certified values for flavonoid aglycones, ginkgolides, bilobalide, and selected toxic trace elements. The materials represent a range of matrices (i.e., plant, extract, and finished product) that provide different analytical challenges. The constituents have been determined by at least two independent analytical methods with measurements performed by NIST and at least one collaborating laboratory. The methods utilized different extractions, chromatographic separations, modes of detection, and approaches to quantitation. The SRMs are primarily intended for method validation and for use as control materials to support the analysis of dietary supplements and related botanical materials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

中红外光谱透射比标准物质研制

采用物化性质稳定的单晶硅作为基质,以直流磁控溅射方式轻蒸镀不同厚度的镍、铬混合膜层,实现了中红外波段(500~4000 cm^–1)不同透射比标准物质的研制。研制的中红外光谱透射比标准物质其透射比标称值分别为10%和50%,扩展不确定度优于0.008(k=2)。该标准物质具有量值稳定、光谱平坦等特点,可用于各类傅里叶变换红外光谱设备的透射比校准。     

Determination of caffeine and caffeine-related metabolites in ephedra-containing standard reference materials using liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and tandem mass spectrometry

The concentrations of caffeine and caffeine-related compounds in 2 ephedra-containing reference materials have been determined by 3 independent methods with measurements performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and a collaborating laboratory. Results from the 3 methods were used for value assignment of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in these Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The methods used at NIST to determine the concentration levels of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in SRM 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form and SRM 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder used reversed-phase liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and tandem mass spectrometry. These reference materials are part of the first suite in a series of NIST SRMs that provide concentration values for multiple components in dietary supplements. These SRMs are primarily intended for method validation and for use as control materials to support the analysis of dietary supplements and similar materials.     

Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 3276, carrot extract in oil

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) are collaborating to produce a series of standard reference materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. Standard reference material (SRM) 3276 Carrot Extract in Oil is one in this series, with values assigned for trans-alpha-carotene, trans- and total beta-carotene, delta- and gamma-tocopherol, and twelve fatty acids. Results for carotenoids and tocopherols were obtained by use of combinations of liquid chromatography (LC), on columns of differing selectivity, with absorbance and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Fluorescence detection also was used for the tocopherols. Results for fatty acids were obtained by use of gas chromatography (GC) with both flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. This material is intended for use as a primary control material when assigning values to in-house (secondary) control materials and for validation of analytical methods for measurement of these analytes in similar matrices.     

Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 1849 infant/adult nutritional formula

Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.     

Value assignment of nutrient concentrations in five standard reference materials and six reference materials

A number of food-matrix reference materials (RMs) are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and from Agriculture Canada through NIST. Most of these materials were originally value-assigned for their elemental composition (major, minor, and trace elements), but no additional nutritional information was provided. Two of the materials were certified for selected organic constituents. Ten of these materials (Standard Reference Material [SRM] 1,563 Cholesterol and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Coconut Oil [Natural and Fortified], SRM 1,566b Oyster Tissue, SRM 1,570a Spinach Leaves, SRM 1,974a Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis), RM 8,415 Whole Egg Powder, RM 8,418 Wheat Gluten, RM 8,432 Corn Starch, RM 8,433 Corn Bran, RM 8,435 Whole Milk Powder, and RM 8,436 Durum Wheat Flour) were recently distributed by NIST to 4 laboratories with expertise in food analysis for the measurement of proximates (solids, fat, protein, etc.), calories, and total dietary fiber, as appropriate. SRM 1846 Infant Formula was distributed as a quality control sample for the proximates and for analysis for individual fatty acids. Two of the materials (Whole Egg Powder and Whole Milk Powder) were distributed in an earlier interlaboratory comparison exercise in which they were analyzed for several vitamins. Value assignment of analyte concentrations in these 11 SRMs and RMs, based on analyses by the collaborating laboratories, is described in this paper. These materials are intended primarily for validation of analytical methods for the measurement of nutrients in foods of similar composition (based on AOAC INTERNATIONAL's fat-protein-carbohydrate triangle). They may also be used as "primary control materials" in the value assignment of in-house control materials of similar composition. The addition of proximate information for 10 existing reference materials means that RMs are now available from NIST with assigned values for proximates in 6 of the 9 sectors of the AOAC triangle. Five of these materials have values assigned for total dietary fiber-the first such information provided for materials available from NIST.     

Application of standard materials and standard reference materials in the analysis of lead in blood

Summary Valuable information can be obtained at little expenses from quality control samples prepared in-house to monitor the determination of blood lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Commercially manufactured control materials can also be used for this purpose. These materials are compared to standard reference materials which at present are available.The relative standard deviations for analysis of NBS standard reference materials were 15.4–2.8% (range 60–754 g/l) and in agreement with the relative standard deviation estimated for the analytical method. The corresponding figures for BCR control reference materials were lower: 1.1–1.4% (range 134–795 g/l).The average analytical bias demonstrated by analysis of NBS standard reference material and BCR control reference material were 3–6% (range 795–60 g/l) and in agreement with bias estimated by analysis of commercially manufactured and in-house prepared control materials.     

Temperature standard reference materials for thermal analysis

The feasibility of the use of potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate as temperature standards in Differential scanning calorimetry has been studied. The solid-state phase transition temperatures of KNO₃ and KClO₄ were determined by means of DSC. The metrological properties of these salts as calibration materials were examined. The reliability of KNO₃ and KClO₄ calibrations was investigated by twofold determination of the bismuth melting temperature after the apparatus had been calibrated with indium and lead, and with KNO₃ and KCl_O4. Conclusions were drawn concerning the suitability of these salts for use as DSC temperature calibrants.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Möglichkeit der Verwendung von Kaliumnitrat und Kaliumperchlorat als Temperaturstandard für DSC untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Temperaturen für Feststoff-Phasenumwandlungen von Kaliumnitrat und Kaliumperchlorat wurde mittels DSC erreicht. Weiterhin wurden die meßtechnischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Salze (KNO₃ und KClO₄) als Bezugssubstanzen geprüft. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Kalibrierung mittels KNO₃ und KClO₄ wurde durch eine zweifache Bestimmung der Schmelztemperatur von Wismut überprüft: einmal nach der Kalibrierung des Gerätes mit Indium und Blei und andererseits nach der Kalibrierung mit Kaliumnitrat und Kaliumperchlorat. Angesichts der Resultate kann man feststellen, daß die untersuchten Salze zur Temperaturkalibrierung in der DSC geeignet sind.

     

Development and certification of green tea-containing standard reference materials

A suite of three green tea-containing Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): SRM 3254 Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Leaves, SRM 3255 Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Extract, and SRM 3256 Green Tea-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. The materials are characterized for catechins, xanthine alkaloids, theanine, and toxic elements. As many as five methods were used in assigning certified and reference values to the constituents, with measurements carried out at NIST and at collaborating laboratories. The materials are intended for use in the development and validation of new analytical methods, and for use as control materials as a component in the support of claims of metrological traceability.     

抗癌药顺铂对照品制备及其纯度测定

提出了抗癌药顺铂对照品的新制备方法并进行其纯度测定。该方法涉及在二甲基甲酰胺中用18-冠醚-6选择沉淀trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2],然后用NaCl溶液反析顺铂、分离K[Pt(NH3)Cl3]。采用HPLC和TLC法测定制备出的顺铂。结果表明所制备的顺铂纯度大于99.5%,有关杂质均小于0.1%,满足作为对照品的要求。     

Certification of standard reference materials containing bitter orange

A suite of three dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs) containing bitter orange has been developed, and the levels of five alkaloids and caffeine have been measured by multiple analytical methods. Synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine, hordenine, total alkaloids, and caffeine were determined by as many as six analytical methods, with measurements performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at two collaborating laboratories. The methods offer substantial independence, with two types of extractions, two separation methods, and four detection methods. Excellent agreement was obtained among the measurements, with data reproducibility for most methods and analytes better than 5% relative standard deviation. The bitter-orange-containing dietary supplement SRMs are intended primarily for use as measurement controls and for use in the development and validation of analytical methods. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Analysis of standard reference materials by absolute INAA

Three standard reference materials were analyzed by a method of absolute INAA. Two different light water pool-type reactors were used to produce equivalent analytical results even though the epithermal to thermal flux ratio in one reactor was higher than that in the other by a factor of two.     

Thermal behavior study of biodiesel standard reference materials

Quality control of fuel-related properties of biodiesel, such as thermal stability, is needed to obtain consistent engine performance by fuel users, since biodiesel is susceptible to auto-oxidation when exposed to air, light, and temperature during storage. In this work two pure standard reference materials of biodiesels produced from soy oil and animal feedstocks were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry measurements were performed and the analysis of the results revealed small temperature variations in the thermal events among the two standards, these differences are due mainly to their chemical composition, been highly influenced by the amounts of unsaturated esters.     

Trace element characterization by INAA of three sediments to be certified as standard reference materials

Three environmental matrices proposed as Certified Reference Materials, issued by the EU Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme (SMTP) formerly Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR) have been characterized for their trace element contents.The materials are: BCR 277 R Estuarine Sediment, BCR 280 R Lake Sediment and BCR 320 R Channel Sediment.Several trace elements, including As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Sc, Th, U and Zn have been determined by our laboratory using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Our contributed values are being considered for the final certification.     

Preparation and homogeneity characterization of ten agricultural/food reference materials for elemental composition

Summary Ten agricultural/food reference materials (RM): bovine muscle powder, corn starch, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, whole milk powder, wheat gluten, corn bran, Durum wheat flour, whole egg powder and microcystalline cellulose, were prepared by milling, irradiation, sieving, blending and packaging procedures. Homogeneity tests for 14 elements in randomly selected units were performed by the initiating laboratories by application of various analytical methods. Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn were determined by acid digestion flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and Cd, Co, Ni and Pb using acid digestion graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation/preconcentration of the analytes by co-precipitation. In addition, the extensive set of analytical results obtained from the interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign was assessed to provide homogeneity estimates for other elements. Measures of homogeneity were estimated from the within-laboratory precision from the more precise laboratories. All materials exhibited acceptable homogeneity for virtually all 29 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, V, Zn) for which best estimate concentration values were available, an essential pre-requisite in establishing reference values for these materials. Sixty-two percent of all homogeneity coefficients of variation (CV) were below 5%, with Br, Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, P, Zn and especially K and N exhibiting very high homogeneity CV less than 1% in some cases.Contribution no. 92–148 from Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research     

Iodine in different food articles and standard reference materials

Summary The greater part of essential iodine enters living organisms via the food chain. Nevertheless, quantitative data on its concentration in diets, food articles and also in available SRMs are very poor and scarce. This and WHO recommendations on daily allowances of iodine for man via food articles caused an added demand for accurate and reliable determination of iodine in these samples. From this point of view the purpose of the present was to analyse and to establish the concentration levels of total iodine in some food articles, diets, SRMs and candidate reference materials by the use of rapid radiochemical separation, developed in our laboratory. The results were checked by the analysis of SRMs with available certified values for iodine and good agreement is evident.     

Recently developed NIST food related standard reference materials

Summary NIST issues food related, chemical composition standard reference materials for validating food analyses. SRMs certified for inorganic constituents are: Non-Fat Milk Powder (SRM 1549), Oyster Tissue (SRM 1566a), Bovine Liver (SRM 1577a), Wheat Flour (SRM 1567a), Rice Flour (SRM 1568a), and Total Diet (SRM 1548). The certificate of analysis for the total diet SRM also provides a certified concentration for cholesterol. Oyster tissue, a renewal SRM, is certified for 25 elements including 6 (Al, Cl, I, P, S, and V), that had not been certified in the previously issued SRM 1566. The elemental certified concentrations are based on concordant results of two or more independent analytical methods. The chemical compositions of the six food matrix SRMs are tabulated. Three food matrix SRMs certified for organic constituents are: Cholesterol and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Coconut Oil (SRM 1563), Cholesterol in Whole Egg Powder (SRM 1845) and Organics in Cod Liver Oil (SRM 1588). Serum and urine matrix SRMs are also available that may be useful for metabolic and bioavailability studies.     

Uncertainty limits for certified values of standard reference materials

Summary Uncertainty limits usually employ the 95% confidence limits and should include allowances for the uncertainty of known sources of systematic errors of the measurements. But in many cases, when an interlaboratory comparison study is used for certification purposes of standard reference materials, only the 95% confidence limits are considered and given as the uncertainty limit. In this work, we shall show the results as the number of mean values (n) reported vary and only the 95% confidence limits are considered, using as an example the intercomparison study on IAEA/SL-3/lake sediment sample. And finally, we shall compare the results if only the 95% confidence limits are considered with those of the standard deviation and propose when n is large that the standard deviation should be employed instead of the 95% confidence limits as the uncertainty limits, if the other systematic and random errors are not included.     

Elemental concentrations in nbs biological and environmental standard reference materials

Elemental concentrations reported by 325 investigators in 16 NBS SRM's are summarized. Mean values, standard deviations and comparative data from NBS and other reviews are provided.