高效液相色谱法测定寡糖链结构

以葡聚寡糖为模型分子，经甲基化，乙酰氯／盐酸裂解，( )-MNB甲酸荧光衍生化及高效液相色谱分析，建立一种新的寡糖链结构分析方法。该方法可以同时获得组成单糖种类、糖链分支位点及组成单糖的D，L-陶型3种结构信息。操作简单，分析灵敏度为0．2pmol，分析周期在5h以内。     

催化不对称合成

前言在生物体中,具有重要生理意义的有机化合物绝大多数都是具有旋光性的立体异构体。例如在生物体中普遍存在的α-氨基酸主要呈L-构型,由天然产物得到的单糖则多呈 D-构型。正因为生物体对某一物质的要求常严格地限定为某单一的构型,所以与生物物质有关的     

苧蔴中游离单糖的液相色谱/质谱联用分析

本文应用液相色谱/质谱联用(LC/MS)技术分析了一些已知糖混合物.随后进一步研究了芋蔴中游离单糖的结构,实验结果和经典的衍生化,气相色谱分析结果相一致。     

GC和HPLC分析北豆根多糖的单糖组成的方法比较

采用GC法和HPLC法对北豆根多糖的单糖组成进行分析比较。采用糖腈乙酸酯衍生化—GC法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生—HPLC法分别对北豆根多糖的单糖组成进行测定,并评价两种方法的适用性。GC法检测出D-鼠李糖(D-Rha)、D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、D-木糖(D-Xyl)、D-甘露糖(D-Man)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)和D-半乳糖(D-Gal);HPLC法检测出D-甘露糖(D-Man)、D-鼠李糖(D-Rha)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)、D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、D-半乳糖(D-Gal)、D-木糖(D-Xyl),其中D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)和D-半乳糖(D-Gal)的色谱峰重叠。两种方法均检测出6种中性糖组分,对比北豆根多糖的单糖组成分析GC法和HPLC法联用较为适合。     

改进的PMP柱前衍生化方法用于单糖的组成分析

用氨水替代NaOH溶液, 反应后氨水可通过减压干燥除去, 这样不仅简化了衍生化反应的后处理过程, 而且不影响衍生物的质谱分析, 省去了质谱分析前的脱盐处理过程. 本研究建立了5种常见单糖的分析分离模式, 对其进行质谱分析, 用所建立的方法对标准二糖及3种多糖样品中的单糖组成进行了分析, 取得了满意的结果.     

茜素红S-硼酸体系对单糖的双光谱识别

利用硼酸与茜素红S和糖中的邻二羟基可逆结合的特点,以硼酸为中介运用竞争结合作用机理构建单糖分析法.在pH7.4的KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲溶液中,茜素红S作为指示剂与硼酸结合生成ARS-BA配合物,其结合常数为5.09×102L/mol.糖与指示剂ARS竞争结合硼酸使指示剂游离出来,产生明显的颜色变化,据此建立糖的识别方法.考察了D-葡萄糖、D-山梨醇、D-半乳糖、D-甘露糖、D-果糖、D-阿拉伯糖和L-阿拉伯糖对上述ARS-BA体系光谱的影响.结果显示:该体系对D-山梨醇和D-果糖有较好的光谱响应,其光谱变化灵敏度依D-山梨醇＞D-果糖＞D-阿拉伯糖～D-半乳糖＞D-葡萄糖＞D-甘露糖＞L-阿拉伯糖之序.     

柱前衍生化法分离3-羟基丁酸乙酯光学异构体

采用三氟乙酸酐柱前衍生化在β-环糊精毛细管柱(CyclodexB)上分离3-羟基丁酸乙酯光学异构体.考察了衍生化反应条件对3-羟基丁酸乙酯衍生化反应的影响,柱温对3-羟基丁酸乙酯衍生物3-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰氧基)丁酸乙酯光学异构体分离的影响.通过光学异构体分离过程中的热力学参数的计算,探讨光学异构体分离过程的驱动力.实验结果表明,当三氟乙酸酐与3-羟基丁酸乙酯的摩尔比为5:1时,室温下反应5 min,3-羟基丁酸乙酯可定量转化成3-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰氧基)丁酸乙酯;在柱温为62℃时,3-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰氧基)丁酸乙酯光学异构体的分离因子(α)和分离度(R)分别为1.02和1.26.而且,3-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰氧基)丁酸乙酯光学异构体的拆分过程主要是一个焓驱动的过程,且β-环糊精表面与3-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰氧基)丁酸乙酯之间的相互作用在其分离过程中起了重要作用.     

别苏氨酸的合成与酶拆分方法的研究

设计了一种新颖实用的制备L-别苏氨酸和D-别苏氨酸的方法。以α-C消旋的N-乙酰化苏氨酸为原料,用L-(或D-)氨基酰化酶拆分相应的底物得到了高光学纯度的L-别苏氨酸(或D-别苏氨酸)。为了获得较高收率,考查p H,温度,Co2+浓度对拆分反应的影响。确定最优条件为:p H 7.5,温度37℃,Co2+浓度0.1 g·L-1。反应产率达到93.8%(L-allo-Thr)、89.8%(D-allo-Thr),de99%。该方法具有立体选择性高,操作简单,反应条件温和的优点。     

(—)-Isochaetominine推测结构的对映选择性全合成与结构修正

报道生物碱isochaetominine推测结构8的对映选择性全合成与结构修正.采用立体多样性合成策略,通过L-色氨酸与L-丙氨酸苄酯组合,以DMDO氧化启动的串联反应为关键反应,经5步高效地完成了isochaetominine推测结构8及其立体异构体(+)-2,3,14-tri-epi-chaetominine(12)的全合成.基于本实验室此前有关毛壳菌素(1)立体多样性合成的工作,天然isochaetominine的结构修正为(-)-11-epi-chaetominine(18).我们此前已完成了该天然产物的首次对映选择性全合成(从L-色氨酸出发,5步,总产率31.6%).此外,通过研究色氨酸与缬氨酸叔丁酯组合,建立了isochaetominine C三个非对映立体异构体的立体多样性合成.最后,证实了化合物13B无法进行C(14)位定点差向异构化,但可以进行C(11)和C(14)双差向异构化.     

D-异抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的合成及其性能研究

L-抗坏血酸(VC)高级脂肪酸酯,是一类新型的脂溶性抗氧化剂,被广泛用于油脂、食品、医疗卫生、化妆品等领域。D-异抗坏血酸(即异VC)是L-抗坏血酸的异构体,与L-抗坏血酸相比较,被氧化的速度更快,价格更低,是近年来在国内外得到普遍使用的食品抗氧化剂。但是,由于溶解性的原因,D-异抗坏血酸不能用于动植物油的保鲜。如果也能将高级脂肪酸引入到D-异抗坏血酸分子中生成D-异抗坏血酸高级脂肪酸酯。     

Tandem mass spectrometry of aminated fullerene derivatives

The products of the reaction between fullerenes (C₆₀/C₇₀) and dimethylamine were investigated by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The FAB mass spectrum shows peaks corresponding to the addition of up to eight dimethylamine species, exclusively to C₇₀. MS/MS reveals an unusual fragmentation pattern. The mass spectrum of the reaction products, together with a number of tandem mass spectra, are shown.     

Analysis of an egyptian mummy resin by mass spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment combined with mass spectrometry (FAB/MS), high resolution FAB/MS, FAB tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to determine the composition of the resinous material recovered from the wrappings of an Egyptian mummy believed to be from the Roman period (100–350 A.D.). FAB/MS and MS/MS studies identified several oxidation products of abietic acid as the principal resin components, indicating that one or more species of coniferous trees were used by the Egyptians as a source of the resin. GC/MS studies also identified several n-alkanes with carbon numbers from C₁₉ to C₃₃ in the sample. The relative amounts of these n-alkanes, along with characteristic trace metals, indicate that bitumen, an asphalt native to the region, was added to the resin. The presence of this ancient source of carbon in this sample explains the inconsistent date assigned to the mummy by carbon-14 analysis.     

Mass spectrometric approaches in structural identification of the reaction products arising from the interaction between glucose and lysine

The products arising from the reaction of alpha-protected lysine with glucose have been studied by different techniques, viz. high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry (MS), and HPLC/MS. Most of the analytical data were obtained by the last approach and allowed identification of many molecular species for a thorough knowledge of possible reaction pathways or structural data already available in the literature.     

Structural Elucidation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of Multisulfated Oligosaccharides Isolated from Human Respiratory Mucous Glycoproteins

Abstract

Underivatized mono- and multisulfated oligosaccharides obtained by the alkalineborohydride treatment of human respiratory mucous glycoproteins were analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS). Employing three unique and structurally homologous groups, the FAB mass spectra of a mono- and a disulfated tri- and tetrasaccharide and a mono-, di- and trisulfated branched hexasaccharide were compared. Each produced mass spectra displaying molecular weight-related and structurally significant fragment ions including fragments differing in mass by multiples of 102 amu reflecting the loss of one or more sulfate esters. From these data, combined with monosaccharide composition, the carbohydrate sequence and number and location of sulfate esters can readily be determined. These findings, with other chemical and enzymatic analyses, make FAB MS a valuable tool applicable to the unambiguous structural elucidation of underivatized reduced, linear and branched, mucous glycoprotein oligosaccharides that vary in degree of sulfation.     

Analysis of sugar epimers using mass spectrometry: N-acetyllactosamine-6,6'-disulfate and the 2'-epimer

Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-6,6'-disulfate and 2'-epimer corresponding to Galbeta1- 4ManNAc-6,6'-disulfate were distinguished by mass spectrometry by utilizing fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods. As for the steric information, negative-ion ESI mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides the most extensive data, but FAB MS/MS also reveals detailed structural information of interest in our case, where MALDI MS is not yet fully equipped with post-source decay.     

Structural study of PLGA [copoly (DL-lactic/glycolic acid)], a biodegradable polymer for parenteral sustained release preparations, by tandem mass spectrometry.

A copoly (DL-lactic/glycolic acid) (PLGA), with a weight-average molecular weight of about 8400, has been characterized using fast atom bombardment (FAB)-tandem mass spectrometry in order to determine the sequence. Because of the large molecular size, PLGA was partially hydrolyzed and the terminal hydroxyl groups in the resulting oligomer mixture acetylated as the indicator. The FAB spectrum of this sample showed a complex ion signal pattern containing monomer to octamer. Diagnostic product ions containing useful information for sequence determination were observed in collision-induced dissociation-MS/MS and MS/MS/MS of these oligomer ions. The results of analysis for dimers through pentamers showed that they have random sequences of lactic and glycolic acid, suggesting that the whole structure of PLGA also has a random sequence.     

Investigations of the fragmentation pathways of benzylpyridinium ions under ESI/MS conditions

Benzylpyridinium ions are often used as ‘thermometer ions’ in order to evaluate the internal energy distribution of the ions formed in sources of mass spectrometers. However, the detailed fragmentation pathways of these parent ions were not well established. In particular, fragmentation involving a rearrangement (RR) process may be influencing the simulated distribution curves. In a previous study, we suggested that such RR actually occurred under electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) experiments. Here, we present a systematic study of different substituted benzylpyridinium ions. Theoretical calculations showed that RR fragmentation leading to substituted tropylium ions could occur under ‘soft ionization’ conditions, such as ESI or FAB. Experimental results obtained under gas‐phase reactivity conditions showed that some substituted benzylpiridinium compounds actually undergo RR fragmentations under ESI/MS conditions. Mass‐analyzed kinetic experiments were also carried out to gain information on the reaction pathways that actually occur, and these experimental results are in agreement with the reaction pathways theoretically proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparision of FAB and MALDI Mass Spectrometry of Ginsenosides

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Structural determination of monoacylglycerols extracted from marine sponge by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry

Five new monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were isolated from the marine sponge Stelletta sp. by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). FAB mass spectra of these compounds produced abundant sodium-adducted molecules [M+Na]+ from a mixture of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol and sodium iodide. The structural elucidation of these sponge MAGs was carried out by FAB tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). To find diagnostic ions for the characterization of the MAGs, authentic MAGs were initially analyzed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS. The CID MS/MS of [M+Na]+ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic product ions via a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) provided important information for the characterization of acyl chains substituted at the glycerol backbone, and product ions at m/z 84, 97, 113 and 139 were diagnostic for the sodiated glycerol backbone. On the basis of these fragmentation patterns, the structures of five MAGs extracted from marine sponge were elucidated. In addition, high-resolution mass measurement was performed to obtain the elemental compositions of the MAGs.     

Structural characterization of hexoses and pentoses using lead cationization. An electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometric study

The analytical potential of the complexation of isomeric underivatized hexoses (D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-talose, D-fructose), methylglycosides (1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucose and 1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucose) and pentoses (D-ribose, D-xylose, D-arabinose and D-lyxose) by Pb(2+) ions, was investigated by electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Pb(2+) ions react mainly with monosaccharides by proton abstraction to generate [Pb(monosaccharide)(m) - H](+) ions (m = 1-3). At low cone voltage, a less abundant series of doubly charged ions of general formula [Pb(monosaccharide)(n)](2+) is also observed. The maximum number n of monosaccharides surrounding a single Pb(2+) ion depends on the metal : monosaccharide ratio. Our study shows that MS/MS experiments have to be performed to differentiate Pb(2+)-coordinated monosaccharides. Upon collision, [Pb(monosaccharide) - H](+) species mainly dissociate according to cross-ring cleavages, leading to the elimination of C(n)H(2n)O(n) neutrals. The various fragmentation processes observed allow the C(1), C(2) and C(4) stereocenters of aldohexoses to be characterized, and also a clear distinction aldoses and fructose. Furthermore, careful analysis of tandem mass spectra also leads to successful aldopentose distinction. Lead cationization combined with MS/MS therefore appears particularly useful to identify underivatized monosaccharides.