词二首

水调歌头重上井冈山一九六五年五月久有凌云志,重上井冈山,千里来寻故地,旧貌变新颜。到处莺歌燕舞,更有潺潺流水,高路入云端。过了黄洋界,险处不须看。旅旗奋,是人寰。三十八年过去,弹指一挥间。可上九天揽月,可下五洋杯鳖,谈笑凯歌还。世上无难事,只要肯登攀。风雷动,念鸟儿问答奴娇一九六五年秋鱿鹏展翅,九万里,翻动扶摇羊角。背负青天朝下看,嘟是人问城郭。饱火连天,弹痕遍地,吓倒蓬间雀。怎么得了,哎呀我要飞跃。雀儿答道:有仙山晾阁。不见前年秋月朗,仃了三家条约。还有吃的,土豆烧熟了,再加牛肉。不须放屁,试看天地翻覆。借问君去何…     

十六字令 四首

新,传播新知建功勋。促四化,培育后来人。基,根深叶茂果如期。培沃土,百花满生机。通,杂交渗透贯纵横。百科间,万里架长虹。普,善把艰深化通俗。读者众,效益更突出。     

寓教于乐提高讲课艺术

教与学。教要得法,学要主动。主动来自兴趣,兴趣需要培养,培养在于乐教。教学中,善教者使学生如乘轻舟,扬帆顺风。学生待听课为“乐事”;不善教者使学生如入沼泽,举步艰难。学生视学习为“苦差”。同样教材,讲得生动,妙趣横生,回味无穷,学生百听不厌;讲得教条,枯燥乏味,学生呆如泥塑,事倍而功半。如何活跃课堂气氛,寓教于乐,提高讲课艺术。笔者就此谈谈自己的一些做法。     

《有机化学》1989年索引

产率23‘8%。m.p.91~93℃。C,。H,3NS,计算值:C,78.51;H,4.76;N,5.09;s,z一64、。实测值:C,78.76;H, 4.85;N,4.61;S,11.78。v二.二:3020,1590,1500,1470,1450,770,750,700 em一‘。乃,工:6.1了一7.46(m)Ppm。N一(2一毗咤蓦)吩嚷峰(3b) LO.Og Za,8.29 ld,80mL CoHoN02,7.09无水K:C03,1.09 Cu粉,反应12h,粗产物用硅胶柱层析分离。产率:29.7%。m.p一02~104℃。C17H::N:S,计算值:C,73.89;H,4.37;N,10.13;S,11.60。实测值:C,73.85;H,4,IB;N,9.96;S,1 2 .01。voa二:3050,3010,1600,1490,1470,1430,770,750,710 em一’。6H:6.76一8…     

微量元素的增龄变化

人体内有害元素含量随增龄而升高,而必需微量元素含量大多随增龄而降低。例如:美国的调查表明,老年人缺锌,发锰含量随年龄增长而下降,老年人下降特别明显。SANER发现,尿铬随增龄而减少。据上海测定,老年人发硒低于成年人。THIMAYAS等发现,青春期发硒明显高于老年期。人发硒含量一般于16~40岁开始下降,61~70岁年龄组最低。THOMSON等发现老年人血硒水平降低,关于铜的增龄变化,各测量结果很不一致。某些结果显示,血清铜的含量有随增龄而下降的趋势。据上海测定,老年人发铜明显升高。铁的增龄变化特点是,血清铁蛋白增多,铁贮量增多,骨髓利用铁下降。上海测定结果显示,老年人发铁比年轻人明显升高。微量元素的增龄变化@颜世铭     

我们是怎样进行复习展览的

通过通报的介绍,与友校的经验,我们于大前年举行了一次复习展览。以后每学期按期举行,并在平日选定一些专题作展览,陈列在图书馆的阅览室,与实验室门前通路上。如酸,硷,盐性质比较,金属非金属标本,煤,石油等专题。在摸索过程中,首先是贪多,选好看的,整套的多排,以致内容分散。以后又过于简略。首先是安排实验,再考虑给予思考题。后来是整理综合成为几个项目,分别拟具思考题,再研究陈列些什么东西。每次进行筹备计划性逐渐加强,考虑的问题也比较集中。(1)准备复习展览的陈列,应在钻研教材的基础上,明确重点,选择主要教材,和能说明本质的实验装置和直观教具。只有掌握化学教材的理论体系,才能给予同学生系统的巩固的科学知识。从卤素到硫氮碳     

中国古代造酒的化学工艺

酒是人类知道火食以后,最早制造的嗜好品饮料。所以,未开化的国家。也往往有酒。但酒的制法,各国各地不同。古今的酒的制法和气味,也不能一致。我国的酒,依史籍上考证,孟子说:“禹恶旨酒”。战国策是战国时人著的,它也记载说:“仪狄(人名)作酒,禹饮而甘之。曰,后世必有以酒亡其国者。遂疏仪狄而绝旨酒”。可见,夏禹时候已有了酒。而旨酒是美酒,仪狄做的特别美。禹怕给他做的美酒耽误事,所以不愿喝他的酒,和他疏远了。想在仪狄以前,也许早有做酒的,不过史书上没有记载。有人因黄帝素问和神农本草经已载了     

学龄前视力低常儿童散光眼分布特征分析

目的分析学龄前视力低常儿童散光眼分布特征,全面探究其散光类型、分布以及矫正情况,旨意为相关研究人员提供理论依据。方法选择2016年1月至2016年12月温州医科大学附属眼视光医院收治的912例学龄前视力低常者(1 730眼)为研究对象,实施散瞳验光,分析统计学结果。结果单眼散光者94例,占10.3%。双眼散光者818例,占89.7%。对称性散光者710例,占86.6%,不对称散光者108例,占13.2%。顺规散光1 646眼,占95.1%,逆规散光64眼,占3.7%,斜轴散光20眼,占1.2%。矫正视力在0.9以上者共计412眼,占23.8%。0.8以下共计1 318眼,占76.2%。在该部分群体中,远视性散光共计1 042眼,近视散光共计30眼。混合散光共计246眼。复性远视散光1188眼,占68.7%,复性近视散光38眼,占2.2%。单纯近视散光6眼,占0.4%,单纯远视散光204眼,占11.79%。混合散光294眼,占17.0%。0.50 D~1.00 D占31.7%,1.25 D~2.00 D占46.4%,2.25 D~3.00 D占15.6%,3.25 D~4.00 D占4.9%,4.25 D~5.00 D占1.3%。5.25 D以上占0.2%。结论在学龄前视力低常群体中,双眼散光为常见疾病类型,其中以复性远视散光为主。散光程度一般在3.00 D以下,轴向分布以顺规散光为主。重度散光为引发弱视的主要因素,因此对于视力低常学龄前儿童,应当做好早期视力筛查,以便尽早矫正散光,恢复正常视力。     

北京市第四中学简介

北京四中的前身是顺天府中学堂,成立于1907年。建校以来,培养了许多优秀学生,受到广泛赞誉。我校历来认真贯彻党的教育方针,发扬好传统,科学育人才。现有25个教学班,1100名学生,教职员工200余人。师生之间,教学相长,亲切和谐,一派生气。     

中国外丹黄白术史略

一、释金丹黄白外丹东晋葛洪抱朴子有金丹篇,但未释金丹之义。国符以为:丹即丹砂,即红色之硫化汞。金丹者,丹砂而可制黄金(药金)者,如黄帝九鼎神丹等金丹,皆可制黄金(药金)。金丹作法,须用飞炼。所谓飞者,即简单之升华;或数物加热至高温,同时所得产物,即行升华也。此种黄金,为黄色物,自汉至晋认为与真黄金相同。至唐初,称此种黄金为药金,并知识别药金与真黄金之法,黄白者:汉书艺文志著录泰壹杂子黄冶三十一卷。晋灼曰:黄冶,铸黄金也,道家言冶丹砂变化可铸作黄金也。抱朴子黄白篇曰:“黄者,金也。白者,银也。古人秘重其道,不欲指斥,故隐之云尔。或题篇云庚辛,庚辛亦金也”。最初金     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。