掺氧化钙及相变对高压下立方氧化锆电子结构和光吸收的影响

研究表明,立方氧化锆可作为冲击波实验中的窗口材料.为了使得该材料在常态下保持结构稳定,需添加稳定剂——氧化钙.然而,掺杂会导致其在29 GPa的冲击压力下从立方转变为斜方Ⅱ结构相.因此,该材料在冲击压缩下的电子结构和光学吸收性质以及作为光学窗口的适用压力范围是值得研究的重要问题.本文运用第一性原理的方法,分别计算了在100 GPa范围内两种结构氧化锆的电子结构和光学吸收性质.结果表明:(1)在立方结构相区,冲击压力将导致其吸收边蓝移,而在斜方Ⅱ结构相区,却使得其吸收边红移;(2)在立方结构相区,掺杂将引起能隙变窄(吸收边红移),但对于斜方II相区,却导致能隙变宽(吸收边蓝移);(3)冲击结构相变使得能隙变窄,吸收边红移.本文数据建议,掺氧化钙的立方氧化锆在95GPa的冲击压力范围内可作为光学窗口材料.     

热处理对立方相结构Mg0.57Zn0.43O合金薄膜表面和组成的影响

MgZnO合金具有可覆盖日盲紫外波段的禁带宽度和晶格匹配的单晶衬底,是理想的日盲紫外探测材料.由于MgO和ZnO分属立方相和六角相,分相问题使高质量单一相MgZnO难以获得.热处理是提高薄膜结晶质量的有效手段.利用MOCVD方法制备了单一立方相Mg0.57Zn0.43O合金薄膜,研究了薄膜的退火行为对薄膜结构和光学性能...     

高质量立方相ZnMgO的制备与紫外受激发射特性研究

利用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）设备在蓝宝石衬底上制备了高质量Zn_1-xMg_xO单晶薄膜,并对其结构和光学特性进行了深入细致的研究。通过能量衍射谱（EDS）确认Zn_1-xMg_xO薄膜的Mg组分为45%。在Zn_0.55Mg_0.45O薄膜的X射线衍射谱（XRD）中观测到了明显的位于36.67°的衍射峰,对应的是（111）晶向的立方相ZnMgO。从透射光谱中可以看出,Zn_0.55Mg_0.45O具有陡峭的吸收边,没有发生相分离,在透射电镜图谱中也得到了证实。该ZnMgO薄膜还表现出了优异的光学特性,在Zn_0.55Mg_0.45O材料体系中实现了峰位位于310 nm的紫外光泵浦受激发射,其激光发射的阈值仅为22 kW/cm²。     

Synthesis and optical characterization of Gd2O3:Eu nanocrystals: surface states and VUV excitation

This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ nanocrystals of different sizes. The particles have been synthesized by a sol-lyophilization process. This methods allows the synthesis of 7–100 nm diameter cubic-phase particles. The photoluminescence properties have been studied with different excitation from X-ray to VUV and visible wavelengths. Compared to the properties of the bulk materials, some important changes on the luminescence are observed. In particular some bands are strengthened when the size of the particles is diminished. We could therefore ascribe this bands to doping ions on a site close to the surface. Also a very low efficiency of excitation for small particles is observed when exciting with X-ray or high-energy VUV photons (i.e. when exciting the host matrix) compared to the efficiency obtained when exciting in the charge transfer band or in the doping ions related states.     

Synthesis of cubic Li<Subscript>7</Subscript>La<Subscript>3</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> by modified sol–gel process

Polycrystalline cubic Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZ) with garnet-related type structure has been synthesized at 700 °C by modified sol–gel processes using citric acid as organic complexing agent and butan-1-ol or propan-2-ol as surface active agent. Thermal analysis (thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis) indicated that the gel must be annealed at around 700 °C to completely remove the organic solvent. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopic investigations revealed that Al may not be essential to form cubic-phase LLZ; however, the addition of Al₂O₃ led to enhanced sintering of LLZ.     

Recent progress of ZnMgO ultraviolet photodetector

The ultra-violet(UV) detection has a wide application in both civil and military fields.ZnO is recognized as one of ideal materials for fabricating the UV photodetectors due to its plenty of advantages,such as wide bandgap,low cost,being environment-friendly,high radiation hardness,etc.Moreover,the alloying of ZnO with MgO to make ZnMgO could continually increase the band gap from ~ 3.3 eV to ~ 7.8 eV,which allows both solar blind and visible blind UV radiation to be detected.As is well known,ZnO is stabilized in the wurtzite structure,while MgO is stabilized in the rock salt structure.As a result,with increasing the Mg content,the crystal structure of ZnMgO alloy will change from wurtzite structure to rock salt structure.Therefore,ZnMgO photodetectors can be divided into three types based on the structures of alloys,namely,wurtzite-phase,cubic-phase and mixed-phase devices.In this paper,we review recent development and make the prospect of three types of ZnMgO UV photodetectors.     

Structural transitions in ice samples at low temperatures and pressures

The structure of ice samples formed in the decay of a water impurity gel at temperatures above 4 K and atmospheric pressure has been examined. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that three phases coexist in the initial sample at temperatures of 85–110 K. These phases are amorphous ice occupying up to 30% of the sample volume, cubic-phase ice I _c metastable at low pressures (∼60%), and normal hexagonal ice I _h (≤6%). The characteristic sizes of crystals of the cubic and hexagonal phases are about 6 and 30 nm, respectively. The amorphous phase at annealing above 110 K is gradually transformed to the crystalline phase both cubic and hexagonal. This transition is accompanied by two processes, including a fast increase in the sizes of cubicphase nanocrystals and the partial transition of the cubic phase I _c to the hexagonal one I _h. Hexagonal ice I _h prevails in the bulk of the sample above 200 K.     

由于介质收缩导致的多色反射体全息图衍射光角度偏离的修正

在制作多色反射体积全息图时,由于化学处理导致的记录材料收缩,不仅改变衍射光的波长,也改变衍射光的角度,并且记录材料的收缩程度不同,衍射光波长和角度改变量也不同。本文报道一种方法,即通过调节记录时的参考光入射角,修正全息记录和处理过程中产生的衍射光角度的偏离,使一块干版上记录的多色反射体积全息图在同一方向再现。这种方法,还可应用于在处理过程中有厚度收缩的其他全息记录材料。     

基于像素结构空间光调制器的全息再现像问题研究

基于纯相位空间光调制器的全息显示系统在重构显示时,再现像的视觉效果受到空间光调制器像素结构引起的多级衍射光和多级再现像的干扰。在分析具有有限填充因子空间光调制器的像素结构对再现像影响的基础上,提出了一种提高全息再现像的视觉效果并且再现像成像位置和大小可调节的方法。先加载闪耀光栅到纯相位全息图,其次通过叠加会聚球面波相位,分离再现像与空间光调制器像素结构引起的多级衍射光的聚焦平面的位置,再利用光阑和高通滤波器的共同作用,消除高级衍射光、多级再现像以及零级光干扰对重构视觉效果的影响,最后引入成像透镜,调节再现像的成像位置与大小。建立了一套基于硅基液晶的全息显示系统用于实验验证。实验结果表明,最终的单一再现像清晰且可以方便地调节成像位置和大小。该方法同样适用于各种基于像素结构空间光调制器的全息光学系统。     

利用匹配区域的纹理特征改善重构三维图像的视觉质量

研究了计算机重构三维图像时分辨率低的问题,提出一种改善3D计算机全景重构图像的视觉质量的方法,该方法利用3D空间的物体部分在每个元素图像中形成的匹配区域的纹理特征,从两个相邻的元素图像中的匹配区域提取出多个像素,经过加权计算重构出相应的图像区域.该方法与传统的计算机重构方法相比,提高了图像分辨率,同时也消除了从每个元素图像中提取多个像素直接重构图像时存在的"像素块"效应,改善了重构图像的视觉质量.     

A novel coding method for high vividness three-dimensional holographic display

The quality of the reconstructed holographic three-dimensional image is seriously influenced by the noise. A novel encoded algorithm combining the Burch code with the four-step phase shifting method is presented to remove the noise and improve the contrast and resolution of the reconstructed image. The reconstructed three-dimensional images are compared with the results of the median filtering. The performance parameters of two methods are analyzed. The experimental results show that the zero-order light spot, conjugate image and speckle noise are suppressed effectively. The quality of the reconstructed image is noticeably improved.     

自由基聚合型光致聚合物中全息图像质量的动态特性研究

用实验方法研究了光致聚合物中全息存储再现图像质量的动态特性,以信噪比损失作为图像质量变化的衡量指标,进行了暗增长和均匀后曝光过程监测图像实验。实验结果表明,在暗增长和均匀后曝光过程中,再现图像强度和质量经历先增长后下降的动态过程。以噪声光栅的形成和发展对实验结果进行了初步的解释。以信噪比损失不大于3 dB为判据考察了全息图对暗反应和均匀后曝光过程的宽容程度,对于不同的记录条件确定了暗反应和均匀后曝光过程的特征时间。在特征时间内,再现图像的质量和强度都是可以接受的。在复用记录时,为保证所有全息图有均衡的衍射效率和良好的图像质量,必须考虑再现图像质量和强度的动态变化因素。     

数字全息图再现像的像质改善

基于数字图像处理技术,提出了一套对数字全息图及其再现像进行处理的方法,改善了数字全息图再现像的像质.利用频谱匹配滤波的方法可以有效地滤除零级及孪生像干扰.同时,提出了通过均值滤波、中值滤波等方法降低激光散斑噪音的技术.理论和实验证明,综合而又合理地利用数字图像处理技术可以很大程度地改善数字全息图再现像的像质.     

粒子场相移全息术

本文利用相移全息术记录的双曝光粒子场全息图,以改进再现图像的SNR、分辨率和对比度。并发展了这种技术的理论,讨论了相移的引入方法,给出了实验结果,与通常的同轴和离轴双曝光结果进行了比较。     

Numerical correction of splicing dislocation between sub-holograms in synthetic aperture digital holography using convolution approach

We propose a new correction method for the splicing dislocation of sub-holograms in synthetic aperture digital holography. By adjusting the splicing distances between sub-holograms during the numerical recon- struction process using the convolution approach, the influence of non-paraxial aberration for the quality of the synthetic reconstructed image is avoided and synthetic reconstructed images corresponding to different splicing distances are obtained. Then, the accurate splicing distance between sub-holograms is determined by evaluating the quality of the corresponding synthetic reconstructed images. Accurate correction for the splicing dislocation of sub-holograms is achieved and high-quality reconstructed images without non- paraxial aberration are obtained.     

光折变全息存储中消散射噪音的研究

通常光折变全息存储中用原记录时的参考光再现时,透过光折变晶体的散射光会降低再现图象的质量.我们在实验中对这种影响进行了研究,发现信噪比低的再现象是由信号-嗓音混合栅产生的相位畸变波.我们用参考光的相位共轭光作为再现光,有效地降低了再现象中的噪音,获得了高信噪比的再现图象.基于光折变波耦合理论,我们得到了和实验结果相符合的理论结果.     

基于DMD的数字全息显示及其再现像质增强

采用DMD作为空间光调制器构建了一套数字全息显示系统.分析了数字全息图光学再现中影响再现图像质量的因素,提出了一种采用频域滤波重建高条纹对比度滤波全息图来改善其光学再现图像质量的新方法.采用信噪比及图像亮度作为评价参量,对原始全息图和滤波全息图的数值再现像进行定量分析表明,滤波后全息图的再现像质量明显优于原始全息图的再现像.基于DMD数字全息显示系统的光学再现实验也验证了理论分析结果.     

Fraunhofer全息图无透镜再现中的物像共轭关系

运用相因子判断法，导出了Ｆｒａｕｎｈｏｆｅｒ全息图无透镜再现时再现像与再现光源之间满足的物像共轭关系，分析了再现光源位置变更对再现像性质的影响。     

Methods of filtering densities reconstructed from line projections

We present details important for practical applications of a new algorithm for filtering densities reconstructed from their line projections. The method is applied to densities reconstructed via the Cormack method from both model projections and 2D angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation spectra in CeIn₃ and ErGa₃. It is shown that this algorithm filters the experimental noise as well as enhances some details of the reconstructed densities, which then reveals their fine features. We also compare this way of filtering with the effects of imposing symmetry conditions on densities reconstructed for cubic systems. PACS 78.70.Bj; 87.59.Fm; 74.25.Jb     

Positron annihilation probing of crystallization effects in TAS-235 glass affected by Ga additions

Crystallization effects in Te₂₀As₃₀Se₅₀ glass known also as TAS-235 affected by Ga additions to Ga₂Te₂₀As₂₈Se₅₀ and Ga₅Te₂₀As₂₅Se₅₀ compositions are probed with positron annihilation spectroscopy in the measuring modes exploring positron lifetimes and Doppler broadening of annihilation line. Occurring of cubic-phase Ga₂Se₃ droplets with character nanoscale sizes in partially-crystallized Ga₂Te₂₀As₂₈Se₅₀ alloy is shown to be associated with agglomeration of intrinsic free-volume voids, this process being enhanced over microcrystalline scale in Ga₅Te₂₀As₂₅Se₅₀ alloy. Crystallization changes in the void structure of TAS-235 glass are considered in terms of free-volume evolution under the same principal chemical environment responsible for positron trapping in amorphous and partially crystallized substances.