Total synthesis of achlisocoumarins I-II from Achlys triphylla

A concise and efficient total synthesis of achlisocoumarin I-II has been completed featuring a construction of the isocoumarin skeleton in a single step and the geranyl coupling with bromoarene ring at −10 °C exclusive of any chelating ligand.     

Synthesis of 3-substituted isocoumarins and their inhibitory effects on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by antigen

Eleven 3-substituted isocoumarins and a benzylidenephthalide were synthesized through thermal cyclization reaction of delta- and gamma-ketoamides, respectively. Subsequent deprotection of the hydroxyl groups of the resulting isocoumarin and benzylidenephthalide compounds afforded thunberginols A, B, and F, respectively, which originated from the processed leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO. The synthesized isocoumarins and thunberginols were evaluated for their anti-allergic activity, in which thunberginol B exhibited the highest inhibitory potency on the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by antigen. Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out to determine the necessary substituents on the 3-phenylisocoumarin skeleton for inhibitory activity.     

Brønsted acid promoted intramolecular cyclization of O-alkynyl benzoic acids: Concise total synthesis of exserolide F

Herein we report the stereoselective total synthesis of Exserolide F. The key step involves triflic acid catalyzed highly regioselective intramolecular cyclization of an O-alkynyl benzoic acid derivative to accomplish the core isocoumarin skeleton of the natural product via 6-endo-dig mode of cyclization. The other important steps are: Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Barbier propargylation, Sonogashira coupling en route to access the O-alkynyl benzoic acid derivative.     

An efficient and selective route to hybrid trifluoromethyl-substituted γ-lactones or fused nitrogen derivatives via cascade reactions

A straightforward, efficient and selective route for obtaining hybrid trifluoromethyl-substituted γ-lactones and fused nitrogen heterocycles is presented. The reaction could be guided either to γ-lactones with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic skeleton (for monocyclic systems) or to fused nitrogen heterocycles (for fused bicyclic systems). A new class of γ-lactone with a nitrogen heterocyclic skeleton was obtained. Feasible reaction mechanisms involving cascade reactions are presented.     

Syntheses of differentially protected isocoumarins

Syntheses of an isocoumarin subunit suitable for the completion of purpuromycin are outlined. Specifically, work targeting an orthogonally protected isocoumarin (eventually 12% yield over 12 steps) and an improved synthesis of a symmetrically protected isocoumarin (18% over 10 steps) are described. A new modification for selective catechol protection as mediated by potassium bicarbonate is also presented along with insights into oxidative and reductive functionalization of isocoumarins.     

Synthesis of annulated oxa-triquinanes and oxa-diquinanes via cascade Michael addition-intramolecular alkylation involving α-halodicyclopentadienones

Base Mediated Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to α-halodicyclopentadienones followed by cyclization of the intermediate Michael adducts leads to novel annulated dihydrofurans as single diastereomers. Such fused dihydrofurans, which are also oxa-triquinanes and oxa-diquinanes, undergo retro-Diels-Alder reaction to give cyclopentadiene-eliminated products in excellent yield. Certain 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds exhibited a different reactivity profile with α-halodicyclopentadienones leading to spiro-cyclopropanes fused to dicyclopentadiene skeleton.     

The synthesis of unusual isocoumarin derivatives: the chemistry of homophthalic acid

Homophthalic acid was reacted with thionyl chloride/DMF and ethyl chloroformate/NEt₃ in the presence and absence of NaN₃. In all cases completely different isocoumarin derivatives were obtained. These unusual isocoumarin derivatives were characterized and their mechanism of formation is discussed.     

Sarcaglarols A—D,Lindenane−Monoterpene Heterodimers from Sarcandra glabra Based on Molecular Networks

Sarcaglarols A—D ( 1 — 4 ), two pairs of lindenane?monoterpene heterodimers fused by a 1,2‐dioxane moiety, were discovered and isolated from the leaves of Sarcandra glabra guided by MS/MS molecular networking‐based strategy. Their planar structures, absolute configurations of basic skeleton and flexible polyhydric side chain were established by analysis of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, ECD spectrum, and the X‐ray diffraction study of isopropylidene derivatives. An intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition may play a key role in the biosynthesis pathway of the 1,2‐dioxane moiety fused lindenane?monoterpene heterodimer skeleton, which can be recognized as the biogenetic precursors of our previous reported lindenane?normonoterpene conjugates. In addition, compounds 1 , 3 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation in free fatty acid‐exposed L02 cells.     

A Compact Approach to an Isomeric Iheyamine A System and X-ray Crystal Structure of 5-Methyl-5H-azepino[2,3- b :4,5- b ′]diindole

A compact three-step synthesis of a new fused bisindole system isomeric with the heterocyclic skeleton present in the marine natural product iheyamine A has been achieved. The structure of the synthetic product was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray structure.     

Synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives of abietane

The methods of synthesis of some new derivatives of abietane including pyridines and indoles fused with diterpene skeleton were described.     

Synthesis and photophysical properties of long wavelength absorbing BODIPY/aza-BODIPY bearing a five-membered ring

Five-membered-ring fused BODIPYs and aza-BODIPY were herein prepared. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the core skeleton of six-membered-ring fused BODIPY is nonplanar but twisted. Such five-membered-ring fused BODIPY/aza-BODIPY dyes have long wavelength absorptions/emissions, high extinction coefficients, peak fluorescence and narrow excitations/emissions. MO calculations well supported and explained the same absorption maxima between BODIPY bearing the five-membered ring and BODIPY bearing the six-membered ring.     

Reactivity studies of 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins (beta-amyloid peptide inhibitors) versus different classes of amines

3-Alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins have been shown to lower the beta-amyloid secretion (a major component of the senile plaques involved in Alzheimer's disease). This paper reports the characterization of new adducts resulting from the reaction between the isocoumarin synthon and different classes of amines. This study allows on the one hand, a better understanding of the biological molecular processes by which such isocoumarin derivatives may interact with enzyme nucleophiles and, on the other hand, brings out the chemical potential of these synthons to generate new polycyclic derivatives.     

Rearrangement of a cyclohexyl radical to a cyclopentylmethyl radical on the avermectin skeleton

The rearrangement of a substituted cyclohexyl radical to a cyclopentylmethyl radical on the skeleton of avermectin B1 was observed experimentally and explored computationally. The Stork-Nishiyama methodology was applied to the macrocycle of interest followed by a Tamao oxidation. The expected 5-6 fused ring product was observed in minor amounts. The major product was a 5-5 fused ring resulting from apparent conversion of the initially formed cyclohexyl radical to a cyclopentylmethyl radical. Preliminary computational results indicate that substituents in the macrocycle induce the rearrangement.     

Total Synthesis of Lucidumone through Convenient One-pot Preparation of the Tetracyclic Skeleton by Claisen Rearrangement and Subsequent Intramolecular Aldol Reaction

The total synthesis of lucidumone ( 1 ), a Ganoderma meroterpenoid, was accomplished in racemic form from easily prepared 6 and 7 in 10 steps as the longest linear sequence. The synthesis was completed through one-pot preparation of the tetracyclic core skeleton by Claisen rearrangement followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction. The intramolecular aldol reaction allowed for the stereocontrolled construction of the bicyclo [2.2.2] octane skeleton fused to an indanone structure. The enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was also described via a chiral transfer strategy in the Claisen rearrangement.     

K2CO3-Promoted Domino Reactions for Synthesis of Isocoumarins Under Microwave Irradiation

A small library of isocoumarin derivatives has been synthesized via K₂CO₃-catalyzed domino reactions of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde and ω-bromoacetophenones under microwave irradiation (MW). This strategy offers a simple, environmentally acceptable route to synthesize isocoumarin derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. All new compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, infrared, and high-resolution mass spectroscopic techniques.     

氟喹诺酮C3稠杂环体系的合成及抗肿瘤活性(III): 恩诺沙星均三唑并噻二嗪酮衍生物

基于抗菌氟喹诺酮作用靶拓扑异构酶设计发展新型抗肿瘤氟喹诺酮药物已成为新的研究方向. 为扩展氟喹诺酮C-3稠杂环体系的研究领域, 以恩诺沙星1为起始原料经C-3羧基反应到C-3 1-氨基-5-巯基-均-三唑(5), 与氯乙酸缩环合到C-3均三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪-6-酮(7), 接着与取代苯甲醛缩合得C-3 7-取代苯甲叉基-均三唑[2,1-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪-6-酮(8)目标化合物. 新化合物的结构经元素分析和光谱数据表征, 用MTT方法评价了它们体外对CHO, HL60和L1210 3种癌细胞株的体外生长抑制活性. 结果表明, 所合成的11个新化合物中均具有潜在的体外抑制癌细胞生长活性, 其中氨基均三唑硫乙酸中间体6及目标化合物8活性最强, 其IC50值已达到或接近微摩尔浓度, 预示氟喹诺酮类抗菌剂的C-3位稠杂环抗肿瘤构-效关系值得进一步研究.     

High-performance organic field-effect transistors based on pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene derivatives

Aromatic ring-condensed TTF derivatives exhibited excellent p-type FET performances in thin films. Introduction of fused benzene and pyrazine rings to the TTF skeleton was effective to enhance the intermolecular interactions and stability to oxygen. Ordered molecular alignment was confirmed by XRD studies. A pi-stacking structure was observed in the single crystal of diquinoxalinoTTF.     

Total synthesis of (-)-teucvidin

A concise enantioselective synthesis of (-)-teucvidin has been achieved. Our synthetic strategy involved the diastereoselective Michael/Conia-ene cascade cyclization reaction for rapid establishment of the cis-decalin skeleton with three new stereogenic centers in one pot (72%, single diastereomer), the epoxidation/dealkoxycarbonylation protocol for construction of the fused furanone moiety, and the O-allylation/Claisen rearrangement protocol for construction of the all-carbon quaternary center at C9 of the clerodane skeleton.     

New domino heteroannulation of enaminones: synthesis of diverse fused naphthyridines

A series of new poly-functionalized fused naphthyridine derivatives were synthesized via a three-component reaction of aldehyde, 2-aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile and enaminone in EtOH using EtONa as a base. During these reaction processes, the domino construction of fused naphthyridine skeleton with concomitant formation of two new pyridine rings was readily achieved via base promoted three-component reactions in a one-pot operation. The procedures are facile, avoiding time-consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work-up and purifications of precursors.     

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Spiro[n.2]alkenes by Ring Contraction of Fused‐Cyclobutanols

An unusual ring‐contraction rearrangement to give spirocyclopropanes from fused cyclobutanols (see scheme) has been developed. It is found that the strain energy of the substrates derived from an additional fused ring and the stereoelectronic effect of the migrating σ bond are important factors. It is noteworthy that the rearrangement proceeds in a stereospecific manner. Moreover, the method provides a spiro(cyclopropane–indane) framework from tricyclo[6.3.0.02,5]undecane, which corresponds to illudane and the protoilludane skeleton.