外电场对SBN：Cr晶体二波耦合特性的影响及应用

对固液同成分SBN：Cr(Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O.6：Cr)晶体在外加直流电场作用下的光折变二波耦合特性及其应用进行了实验研究，分析了晶体的二波耦合强度增益 系数随外电场变化的趋势，并给出了实验测量结果.发现在适当的外电场作用下，晶体的光折变二波耦合增益和响 应速度可以得到一定程度的提高.进一步的研究表明，这种电场响应特性有助于改善SBN：Cr晶体的某些应用性能.利用该晶体通过光折变二波耦合非线性放大原理实现光学图像边沿增强时，通过给晶体沿轴向施加适当的外电场，可进一步提高图像边沿增强效果；在基于光 折变边沿增强预处理的联合变换相关器中，适当的外加电场可进一步改善联合变换相关器的相关识别性能. 关键词： SBN：Cr晶体 光折变二波耦合 边沿增强 联合变换相关器     

基于光折变双光束耦合的刚性全息明孤子的温度依赖特性研究

研究了基于双光束耦合的光折变耗散系统中全息明孤子的温度演化特性.数值计算结果表明，晶体温度与刚性全息孤子的稳定性密切相关.在一定温度下，全息孤子能在晶体中传播足够远的距离；当晶体温度漂移不大时，入射孤子能演化成稳定的全息孤子继续传播；而当晶体温度变化足够大时，孤子波强度随传播距离增加或减小，入射孤子不能以稳定的全息孤子态传播.讨论了将刚性全息孤子的温度特性应用于光学衰减、中继器件的可能性. 关键词： 空间光孤子 光折变非线性光学 耗散系统 全息聚焦     

高阶耦合光伏空间孤子

采用数值模拟方法研究光折变晶体中的高阶耦合光伏空间孤子.该孤子可用包含两种频率的四束平行光入射到折射率改变为正的光折变晶体中形成.数值研究还发现，当入射光束为双曲正割光束时，在一定条件下可以模拟高阶耦合光伏空间孤子，而且，这种高阶耦合光伏空间孤子显示出光控光的特性.入射光束显著偏离左右对称会影响高阶耦合光伏空间孤子的实现. 关键词： 耦合光伏空间孤子 光控光     

线性电介质和中心对称光折变晶体界面表面波的研究

报道了中心对称光折变晶体与线性电介质界面表面波的形成及能量变化. 通过调节传播常数和波导参数的方法,可以得到非局域、振荡、局域三种类型的表面波. 波导参数和传播常数之差大于阈值时,线性电介质和中心对称光折变晶体界面可以形成局域表面波. 波导参数为正值时,局域表面波主要聚集在中心对称光折变晶体内,随着传播常数的增大,波能量随之单调递增,表面波可以稳定传播. 在给定的条件下,调节决定非线性作用强度的可变参量可以控制局域表面波模的阶数和传播波形. 关键词： 非线性光学 中心对称光折变晶体 表面波     

Ti扩散铌酸锂光波导特性的热固定技术

在Ti扩散铌酸锂光波导中,因光致折变效应而导致光波导特性漂移.在光波相干性的导波光学器件中,光致折变效应的影响尤为严重.本文报道了稳定光致折变效应的热固定技术实验结果;并提出在光波导特性的热固定过程中,不是H~+离子起主导作用这一看法.     

光折变光子晶格中空间二次谐波的产生

用干涉法在自散焦光折变晶体 LiNbO₃：Fe中写入光子晶格的动态过程中，发现了双光束干涉条纹一分为二，四光束干涉点阵一分为四的分裂现象. 研究证明：这是干涉条纹空间频率的倍频现象，是入射的干涉光场与写入的光子晶格之间相互作用的结果. 本实验说明利用光折变效应可以容易地实现干涉光场空间频率的倍频和空间高次谐波的产生，并可利用产生的空间谐波感应出二倍频和高倍频的光折变光子晶格. 关键词： 光折变晶体 光子晶格 空间谐波     

光折变晶体中高速调制光放大特性的研究

本文对光折变晶体中高速调制光的放大特性进行了理论分析,给出了在Ce:SBN晶体中进行的实验结果,并从物理概念上进行了讨论,指出光折变晶体中的双光束耦合可以用于时域编码通讯。     

c向切割掺杂LiNbO3晶体中的光耦合

实验研究了三种c向切割的不同掺杂的LiNbO3：Fe晶体中入射光与反射光的耦合情况.发现沿-c轴方向入射时透射光与反射光强的准周期振荡行为是光生伏打机制占优势的瞬态能量转移和扩散机制引起的相反方向的能量转移所致，不是光生伏打场的表面击穿引起的.当入射光沿+c方向入射时，由于两种机制引起的能量转移方向相同，因而不会产生这种振荡. 关键词： 准周期振荡 反射光栅 瞬态能量转移 扩散机制     

Ce:KNSBN光折变类光纤简并四波混频特性研究

研究了Ce:KNSBN光折变类光纤在泵浦光和信号光夹角分别为小角度和大角度两种情况下简并四波混频的基本特性.当夹角较大时,在光折变类光纤内部形成了两个四波混频作用区域,获得了比小角度情况提高4倍的大相位共轭反射率.给出了Ce:KNSBN光折变类光纤中,在入射夹角分别为小角度和大角度两种情况下,相位共轭光反射率分别随信号光光强、两束泵浦光光强比变化的实验结果,并用理论公式进行了拟合,理论分析和实验结果相符.还研究了Ce:KNSBN光折变类光纤四波混频光栅模式和相位共轭光时间响应特性.光折变类光纤的相位共轭响应时间较快,可为秒量级.     

Ce∶KNSBN光折变类光纤简并四波混频特性研究

研究了Ce∶KNSBN光折变类光纤在泵浦光和信号光夹角分别为小角度和大角度两种情况下简并四波混频的基本特性 .当夹角较大时 ,在光折变类光纤内部形成了两个四波混频作用区域 ,获得了比小角度情况提高 4倍的大相位共轭反射率 .给出了Ce∶KNSBN光折变类光纤中 ,在入射夹角分别为小角度和大角度两种情况下 ,相位共轭光反射率分别随信号光光强、两束泵浦光光强比变化的实验结果 ,并用理论公式进行了拟合 ,理论分析和实验结果相符 .还研究了Ce∶KNSBN光折变类光纤四波混频光栅模式和相位共轭光时间响应特性 .光折变类光纤的相位共轭响应时间较快 ,可为秒量级 .     

Space and time distortion of reflected beam due to surface-electromagnetic-wave generation for grazing incidence on metal grating

Specular reflection is examined for grazing incidence of a beam of pulsed laser radiation on a periodic grating under conditions of surface-electromagnetic-wave (SEW) generation with diffraction order l=–1. It is shown that reradiation of the SEW energy in the reflection direction and beam spreading can greatly affect the shape of the reflected signal.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Opticophysical Measurements. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 929–935, October, 1993.     

Higher diffraction order photorefractive optical beam splitter

A higher diffraction order photorefractive (PR) optical beam splitter has been realized based on a PR higher diffraction order grating. In the experiments, the beam splitter was produced by two-wave coupling at a small incident angle in Fe:LiNbO₃ using the output from a He–Ne laser at 632.8 nm. An incident signal beam containing three different wavelengths (632.8, 532.0 and 488.0 nm) was split into multi-output beams by the beam splitter. The size of higher diffraction order is given and the influence of crystal thickness is discussed. Results show that the higher diffraction order PR optical beam splitter provides a practical method to split a multi-wavelength signal beam.     

Study of infrared sew reflection on a corrugated metal surface

The influence of the grating groove depth upon reflectivity (R) of SEW propagating along corrugated metal surfaces was studied. The R dependence on wavelength and angles of SEW incidence on the grating was investigated. A maximum value of reflectivity of 53% at groove depth of 0.24μm was obtained.     

Study of crystals in medium-and long-wavelength IR ranges by surface-electromagnetic-wave spectroscopy

First observation of excitation of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) is reported in the reststrahlen region in for biaxial crystal KTiOPO₄ (KTP) using a tunable CO₂ laser around 10 μm, and for CaF₂, BaF₂, MgO (cubic crystals), and LiNbO₃ (uniaxial crystal) in the far IR using ith a free-electron laser. The parameters of SEW propagation in these crystals have been obtained by the interference method of SEW phase spectroscopy, and the possibility of determining the complex dielectric permittivity of crystals from the SEW propagation parameters demonstrated in the range of SEW existence. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 237–241 (February 1998)     

Time-resolved nonlinear surface plasmon optics

A new surface-sensitive method of time-resolved optical studies is proposed. The method consists in the independent excitation of several surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) by two laser femtosecond pulse beams with varied time delay Δτ and distance Δr between corresponding excitation regions on the surface. To fulfill the phase-matching condition for plasmon-photon coupling, metal grating is used. Due to nonlinear plasmon interaction, the optical radiation with ω₁ + ω₂ and 2ω₁ ? ω₂ (where ω₁, ω₂ are corresponding laser beam frequencies) is generated. The intensity of this nonlinear response versus Δτ and Δr are studied. The direct measurements of the SEW temporal properties are presented. Experiments of this type are important for the development of femtosecond surface plasmon optics.     

无偏压的串联光折变晶体回路中高斯光束传播特性调节

根据串联光折变晶体回路中独立空间孤子对理论,研究了明暗孤子对之间的相互依赖特性.假设一束暗孤子波和一束高斯光束分别入射到回路中两块晶体上,利用数值计算方法讨论了改变其中暗孤子光束的强度对高斯光束在另外一个晶体中传播特性的影响.结果表明,调节暗孤子的强度能够影响高斯光束的传播特性,可以决定高斯光束在晶体中是否能够演化为稳定传播的明孤子波 关键词： 非线性光学 光折变效应 光折变空间孤子对 高斯光束     

Enhanced cleaning of photoresist film on a transparent substrate by backward irradiation of a Nd:YAG laser

Laser cleaning of a photoresist (PR) on a glass substrate using ns-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was studied. The direction of the substrate facing the laser beam was varied as a main parameter as well as the power of the laser beam. The backward irradiation (BWI) of the third harmonic beam (355 nm) completely removed 1.2 μm thick PR layer with three pulses at 1.5 J/cm² leaving no residues behind; while the forward irradiation (FWI) at the same condition just partially cleaned it. To investigate the difference of removal mechanisms between irradiation directions, the size distributions of particulates generated during laser cleaning were observed using an optical particle counter. The concentration of micron-sized particulates increased with increasing laser fluence up to 1 J/cm² for FWI and 0.5 J/cm² for BWI and then decreased at higher fluences because the target was a very thin film. The concentration of larger particulates for BWI was much higher than that for FWI implying the difference in removal mechanisms. In consideration of the size characteristics of the particulates and the temperature profiles of the PR layer, the most probable distinct mechanism for the BWI would be a blasting due to high temperature at the PR/glass interface. The particulate number concentration decreased rapidly after the completion of cleaning, suggesting that the measurement of the particulate concentration could detect the progress of the cleaning. Our results demonstrated that the backward irradiation will be useful for the laser cleaning of film-type contaminants on an optically transparent substrate.     

Applications of surface polaritons for detection and vibrational spectral analysis of thin films on metals and dielectrics

Phonon-polaritons interactions with molecular vibrations of thin films were used for the detection of film oscillator spectral positions. The gap in the polariton branch was proportional to √ ℓ,ℓ being the thickness of the film on dielectric support. The ATR method in the Otto configuration was used for measurements as well as thermal stimulated emission. The vibrational spectra (infrared absorption) of monomolecular films were detected by surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) - surface plasmon-polaritons propagating along the metallic substrate. A comparison of the reflection-absorption method with the SEW broadband (650-2500cm⁻¹) FT-IR method of thin films detection is made. The better sensitivity of the last one is shown. The prism, grating and edge methods of SEW excitations in IR are discussed.     

Study of the optical features of YBa2Cu3O7-x films by SEW spectroscopy

The results of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films on SrTiO₃ investigation by far infrared surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) amplitude and phase spectroscopy at temperatures 80–350 K are presented. Strong SEW absorption at frequency 142 cm^–1 has been observed. The origin of the observed absorbtion is proposed to be concerned with slab- phonons in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x. The optical constants of the films have been obtained. Also has been determined, that only the imaginary part of the SEW refraction index changes when the film transits into superconducting state, while the real part remains unchanged.     

Study of the influence of the injection section on the stability of a high-current relativistic electron beam propagating through the gaseous medium of a plasmochemical reactor

Results are presented from experimental study of the influence of the injection section on the stability of a high-current relativistic electron beam (REB) propagating through the gaseous medium of a plasmochemical reactor (PR). An REB with the electron energy E _e =1 MeV, beam current I _b =10–22 kA, and pulse duration t=60 ns was generated by the Tonus accelerator and, then, injected into a 0.1-m-diameter PR filled with air. The PR consisted of two sections with lengths L ₁= 0.3–1.0 m and L ₂=1.1–2.5 m; the total length of the system was no longer than 3.5 m. The first section was filled with air at a pressure of P ₁=0.8–1.5 torr, and the pressure in the second section was varied within the range P ₂=0.1–760 torr. The current I _b of an REB passed through both sections of the PR was measured with the help of a sectioned vacuum Faraday cup. The transportation efficiency of the beam was determined as the ratio I _b /I _inj, where I _inj is the beam current measured at the point of injection into the PR. It is shown that, for the optimal dimensions of the first PR section, it has a stabilizing action on the REB with a current density of up to 3 kA/cm², which makes it possible to increase the effective length of the second (working) PR section, which is filled with a gas at various pressures, to L ₂=(25–35)L _bet, where L _bet is the beam betatron length.