基于封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器的混凝土应变监测试验研究

研究了光纤Bragg光栅封装工艺,提出并实现了两种封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器:工字型钢管封装光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器及钢管封装光纤Bragg温度传感器。研究了传感器的埋设工艺,采用金属丝固定法、钢管抽出法两种方法进行了埋设。将它们埋入到钢筋混凝土梁中,实现对混凝土的拉、压应变及温度的测量。结果显示,在试验梁弹性阶段,可以较为准确的监测混凝土应变。     

双套管式光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

研制了一种双套管式光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器,以实现无外力作用的温度测量。其中外套管隔离外加应力应变,在内套管内松弛地放置光栅以隔离封装结构的表观热应变。引入引出尾纤穿过带孔螺栓,以探测多个串联光栅。为了避免光栅处于张拉状态,封装在外套管1、外套管2和内套管中的光纤余长应分别大于1.4mm,1.8mm和0.4mm。试验结果表明,该光栅传感器的温度响应灵敏度为9.671×10-3nm/℃,温度测量分辨率为0.1℃。当水温从20℃跃变到70℃时,该传感器的温度响应时间分别为t0.5=15±2s和t0.9=52±4s。当水温从70℃跃变到20℃时,该传感器的温度响应时间分别为t0.5=26±9s和t0.9=63±8s。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变测量中啁啾特性的研究

用光纤Bragg光栅进行应变（静态、动态）测量时,由于光栅轴向各部分受到的应变不同,因而产生布喇格中心波长漂移量发生变化.实际测量中往往忽略此扰动对光纤光栅反射谱中心波长的影响,则必然带来测量误差.采用耦合模理论,分析并研究了Bragg光栅受轴向线性应变、高次应变和非线性周期应变波等情况下的啁啾特性.根据各自啁啾特性的不同,给出了对光纤光栅反射谱中心的影响,以及测量各种应变时的测量条件和范围.     

合金钢封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器传感特性的研究

提出了一种光纤光栅新型合金钢封装结构。利用等强度悬臂梁和温度控制箱对合金钢封装光纤布拉格光栅的应力和温度传感特性进行了测量。实验表明,采用该种封装的光纤光栅传感器保持了裸光纤光栅的响应灵敏度,其拉应变灵敏度系数为1.17pm/με,压应变灵敏度系数为1.2pm/με,温度灵敏度系数为11.3pm/℃,线性响应度在0.9995以上,可满足实际应用的要求。     

耐高压光纤Bragg光栅压力传感技术研究

分析了聚合物封装光纤光栅的压力响应特性,通过采用特殊聚合物材料将光纤光栅封装于金属套管中,并通过在金属套管预涂覆一层软弹性材料,以消除封装过程中由于聚合物固化收缩以及聚合物与套管壁粘接与摩擦产生的光纤光栅啁啾化,改善了光纤光栅压力响应特性.封装后的光纤光栅压力响应灵敏度为0.036 nm/MP,具有良好的线性,压力测量范围可达40 MP以上.     

双孔平行梁光纤Bragg光栅称重传感器

采用双孔平行梁型弹性元件作为光纤Bragg光栅称重传感器的换能结构,其中,四片光栅对称地贴粘在梁的灵敏区域。值得注意的是利用弹性元件自身结构特点对称重传感器进行了温度和偏载补偿,从而得到了FBG中心波长移位与载荷的关系。加载卸载实验表明,该双孔平行梁FBG称重传感器的载荷响应灵敏度为16 pm/kg,测量精度为0.7%。     

聚合物封装的高灵敏度光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

将光纤光栅封装于一种有机聚合物基底中,制成温敏元件,测量了20～100℃不同温度下光纤光栅的反射谱.由于基底材料的带动作用,封装后的光纤光栅温度灵敏度为83.07×10-6/℃,是相应裸光纤光栅的12.3倍.     

钢管套装光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

为避免外加应力应变对温度传感器光栅的影响,提出了一种利用双钢管套装来隔离外加应力应变的方法。传感器两端留有尾纤,可实现多个传感器波分复用。为了防止因温度和外加应力应变所导致的套管形变而产生光纤拉伸,封装在两个钢管中的预留光纤长度应大于0.69mm。实验结果表明,温度在0℃~80℃之间变化时,灵敏度达到10pm/℃,线性度较好,可实现对环境温度的高精度连续监测。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变、温度交叉敏感问题解决方案

应变和温度变化都会引起光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)反射波长的移动，这种交叉敏感问题是制约FBG传感检测技术实用化的“瓶颈”。从应变、温度交叉敏感的物理机制出发，分两类综述国内外关于交叉敏感问题的解决方案，介绍各类方案的工作原理，并详细分析几种近年来出现的典型方案的优缺点。     

光纤布喇格光栅应变传感器结构优化研究

提出了一种改进的光纤光栅应变传感器结构,用有限元分析软件对其进行建模和静力仿真,得到其应力分布和光栅区域的应变情况.在整体宽度与厚度相等的情况下,此结构的灵敏度约为传统"工"字型结构的600倍.进一步分析了其关键区域的6个结构参量对应变灵敏度及量程的影响.筛选、设计并加工出不同尺寸的两种应变片,分别用UV胶与玻璃焊料对光栅进行封装,得到灵敏度分别为:249pm/N、330pm/N和1.1pm/N.比较分析表明,本文提供的分析方法与数据,可为不同工程应用场合的最优结构设计提供依据.     

基于Bragg光纤光栅传感器的监测系统设计

设计了基于Bragg光纤光栅传感技术的监测系统,当光纤光栅所处环境的温度、应力、应变或其他物理量发生变化时,光栅的周期或纤芯折射率将发生变化,从而使反射光的波长发生变化,通过测量反射光中心波长的变化,就可以获得待测物理量的变化情况.该系统利用薄膜滤波器完成对外界的分布式测量,采用光强度检测,能够实现无缝监测.     

Studies on multi-wavelength fiber Bragg grating laser strain sensor

A novel stable multi-wavelength fiber Bragg grating laser is achieved and its sensing characteristic with the strain is studied. The beat signals generated by the multi-wavelength fiber laser are measured under different strains. Four-wave mixing (FWM) is firstly observed in such a short-cavity fiber laser.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

保偏光纤光栅应变传感器的研究

针对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度和应变的交叉敏感问题,设计了一种带熔点保偏光纤光栅(PMFBG)结构。该结构通过将2段保偏光纤带加大推进量熔接,形成中间凸起结构,然后在熔点位置写入光栅。文中首先采用熊猫保偏光纤设计制作了该结构,并搭建实验装置测试其在(0~2)N轴向应力作用下的反射光谱,发现PMFBG快轴和慢轴的反射谱均分裂成2个峰值,随着轴向应力的增加,反射谱整体产生红移,同时分裂的2个峰值强度的比值单调减小,且不受温度的影响。随后,采用有限元法分析了该结构的轴向应变分布,并基于传输矩阵法仿真分析了该PMFBG反射光谱随应力的变化特性,仿真与实验结果的一致性较好。证实可利用PMFBG反射光谱的峰值之比消除轴向应变与温度的交叉敏感性,实现轴向应变的测量。     

基于拉锥光纤布拉格光栅的法布里-珀罗应变传感器的仿真研究

为解决干涉型光纤应变传感器自由光谱范围较小或干涉条纹精细度较低等问题,提出了一种基于单拉锥光纤布拉格光栅的法布里-珀罗腔的应变传感结构及其改进方案。利用啁啾光纤布拉格光栅不同位置反射不同波长的特性,形成腔长随波长连续变化的法布里-珀罗腔,得到了无穷大的自由光谱范围且谐振谷精细度高。数值计算结果表明,应变传感灵敏度与拉锥光纤的腰区直径和栅区长度正相关。在0～300 με范围内,当腰区直径为光纤直径的3/25,栅区长度为30 mm时,应变传感灵敏度为7.05 pm/με。该结果对其他干涉型传感结构的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

A novel fiber-laser-based fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with high-birefringence Sagnac fiber loop mirror

A novel fiber-laser-based strain sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The laser cavity is composed of a high-birefringence Sagnac fiber loop mirror （HiBi-SFLM） and a fiber Bragg grating （FBG） which also acts as a strain-sensing element. In the linear region of the HiBi-SFLM reflection spectrum, when the strain applied on the FBG makes the Bragg grating wavelength shift, the laser output power changes due to refleetivity variation of the HiBi-SFLM. Experimental results show that the laser output power varies almost linearly with the applied strain. The measurement of the output power can be performed by a conventional photo-detector.     

A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with automatic temperature compensation

A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensor with automatic temperature compensation is demonstrated. FBG is axially linked with a stick and their free ends are fixed to the measured object. When the measured strain changes, the stick does not change in length, but the FBG does. When the temperature changes, the stick changes in length to pull the FBG to realize temperature compensation. In experiments, 1.45 times strain sensitivity of bare FBG with temperature compensation of less than 0.1 nm Bragg wavelength drift over 100 ℃ shift is achieved.     

光纤Bragg光栅应变、温度交叉敏感问题的研究

解决应变和温度的交叉敏感,实现应变和温度同时测量一直是光纤光栅传感器研究的关键问题。从应变和温度交叉敏感的物理机制出发,较为全面地介绍了几种主要解决方案：双波长矩阵法、2个包层直径不同的FBG法、啁啾光栅法等。并且基于双波长矩阵法,提出了一种基于管式弹性应变敏感元件的光纤光栅传感器结构,很好地实现了温度150℃,压力20MPa的同时区分测量,其温度灵敏度为0.02nm/℃。解决了温度和应变同时区分测量这一技术难题。     

Four-element fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor array

A four-element fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor array is presented in this paper. The system combines an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer and three coarse wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs). The totally passive scheme has the advantages of high operation frequency and loose requirements for the working environment. An acceleration resolution of better than for the four channels is achieved.     

A novel fiber Bragg grating high-temperature sensor

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for the measurement of high temperature is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interrogation system of the sensor system is simple, low cost but effective. The sensor head is comprised of one FBG and two metal rods. The lengths of the rods are different from each other. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the rods are also different from each other. The FBG will be strained by the sensor head when the temperature to be measured changes. The temperature is measured basis of the wavelength shifts of the FBG induced by strain. A dynamic range of 0–800 °C and a resolution of 1 °C have been obtained by the sensor system. The experiment results agree with theoretical analyses.