激光诱导Pb等离子体光谱的时间演化特性

用 Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光在空气中烧蚀金属Pb靶产生等离子体,并观测了其时间分辨的发射光谱. 依据光谱线波长、相对强度等参数估算了不同延迟时间等离子体的电子温度;由PbI线的Stark加宽计算得到等离子体的电子密度;讨论了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征. 电子温度平均为14500 K、电子密度达到1017 cm-3. 从等离子体产生、发展机制的角度定性探讨了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征.     

利用H_β线的Stark加宽计算激光诱导Cu等离子体的电子密度

在潮湿空气中,用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光烧蚀金属Cu靶产生等离子体,并观测了其空间分辨的发射光谱.依据光谱线波长、相对强度等参数估算了沿靶面法线不同位置等离子体的电子温度.在此基础上,由H_β线的Stark加宽、分别用三种方法计算得到等离子体的电子密度.讨论了电子温度和电子密度沿靶面法线的空间分布特征.结果分析表明:利用环境气体的谱线测量复杂元素等离子体电子密度的方法是可行的.在距离靶面1.0 mm的空间位置附近电子温度骤然降低、电子密度具有最大值的现象可以从激光诱导等离子体产生机制的角度得到定性解释.     

空气中YAG激光诱导Cu等离子体空间特性的研究

在空气中利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光诱导金属Cu靶,产生激光等离子体羽,并获得等离子体羽的空间谱;研究了空间谱线结构;分析了不同空间位置处电子温度和电子密度的空间演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论.结果表明:谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度及电子密度都与空间位置变化密切相关,特征谱强度最大值出现在距靶面0.75～1.0mm的空间位置处,此处CuⅠ谱线相对强度最强,在1.25mm空间位置处的电子温度比周边的电子温度偏低,但此处电子密度反而升高,这种现象可以由级联效应得到解释.     

发射光谱法研究纳秒激光烧蚀硅等离子体特性

利用调Q Nd3+∶YAG激光器三倍频355 nm激光脉冲烧蚀空气环境的硅样品,观测不同脉冲激光能量下产生的等离子体在380～420 nm范围内的时间-空间分辨等离子体发射光谱,观测到在等离子体羽膨胀初期存在N+发射光谱。在局域热力学平衡近似条件下,根据时间-空间分辨等离子体发射光谱计算得到等离子羽体电子温度和电子密度随时间延时存在二次指数衰减变化,等离子体羽体电子温度和电子密度的空间分布近似呈Lorentz分布,发现在确定激光脉冲能量下电子密度空间分布最大值偏离光谱强度最大空间位置并对产生原因进行分析,探讨了等离子体羽参数与激光脉冲能量的关系。     

空气中YAG激光诱导Cu等离子体空间特性的研究

在空气中利用Nd: YAG脉冲激光诱导金属Cu靶,产生激光等离子体羽,并获得等离子体羽的空间谱;研究了空间谱线结构;分析了不同空间位置处电子温度和电子密度的空间演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论. 结果表明：谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度及电子密度都与空间位置变化密切相关,特征谱强度最大值出现在距靶面0.75-1.0mm的空间位置处,此处CuⅠ谱线相对强度最强,在1.25 mm空间位置处电子温度比周边的电子温度偏低,但此处电子密度反而升高,这种现象可以由级联效应得到解释。     

利用Hβ线的Stark加宽计算激光诱导Cu等离子体的电子密度

潮湿空气中,利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光烧蚀Cu靶获得等离子体发射光谱,依据谱线波长和相对强度等信息计算了等离子体的电子温度;在此基础上,分别用三种方法由Hβ线的Stark加宽计算得到电子密度,并对结果进行了比较分析,证实：对于电子密度在1015~1016cm-3范围内的等离子体,用Hβ谱线测量电子密度是可靠的. 讨论了等离子体电子温度和电子密度在垂直于靶面方向的空间分布,并从产生机制的角度解释了等离子体的传播过程.     

激光诱导Ni 等离子体电子温度、电子密度的时间演化特性研究

本文在350～600 nm波长范围内测定了激光烧蚀Ni等离子体中Ni原子的时间分辨发射光谱.由发射光谱线的强度和Stark展宽分别计算了等离子体电子温度和电子密度,并由实验结果讨论了激光等离子体中电子温度、电子密度的时间演化特性.     

13.56 MHz/2 MHz柱状感性耦合等离子体参数的对比研究

通过Langmuir双探针和发射光谱诊断方法,对比研究了驱动频率为13.56 MHz和2 MHz柱状感性耦合等离子体中电子密度和电子温度的径向分布规律.结果表明:在高频和低频放电中,输入功率的增加对等离子体参数产生了不同的影响,高频放电中主要提升了电子密度,低频放电中则主要提升了电子温度.固定气压为10 Pa,分别由高频和低频驱动时,电子密度的径向分布均为"凸型".而电子温度的分布差异比较明显,高频驱动时,电子温度在腔室中心较为平坦,在边缘略有上升;低频驱动时,电子温度随径向距离的增加而逐渐下降.为了进一步分析造成这种差异的原因,在相同放电条件下采集了氩等离子体的发射光谱图,利用分支比法计算了亚稳态粒子的数密度,发现电子温度的径向分布始终与亚稳态粒子的径向分布相反.继续升高气压到100 Pa,发现不论高频还是低频放电,电子密度的径向分布均从"凸型"转变为"马鞍形",较低气压时电子密度的均匀性有了一定的提升,但低频的均匀性更好.     

用He-like离子特征谱线测量等离子体电子温度和电子密度

本文详细叙述了利用He-like离子的特征谱线诊断等离子体的电子密度和电子温度的方法,给出了共振线与双电子伴线的强度比随电子温度的变化曲线和共振线与互组合线的强度比随电子密度的变化曲线。并且根据实验测得的上述两组谱线的强度比,定出激光产生等离子体的电子温度和电子密度。     

激光诱导Ti等离子体光谱的时间演化特性研究

利用Nd:YAG激光器产生的1064 nm、10 ns脉冲激光聚焦在空气中的Ti靶,观测了激光诱导Ti等离子体发射光谱.调节激光能量为45 mJ/pulse,分析了时间范围在0到4000 ns的时间分辨发射光谱和谱线轮廓以及展宽.在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件下,利用Saha-boltzmann图法拟合电子温度,Saha方程计算电子密度,讨论了等离子体电子温度和电子密度随时间的演化规律.结果表明,在所讨论的时间范围内,谱线的强度在延时250 ns处达到最大,250 ns后随着延迟时间的增加减小,电子密度和电子温度在延时1000 ns内快速衰减,1000 ns后衰减速度变慢.     

强流电子枪电子光学性能的研究

利用SLAC-226程序对一种工业用大功率电子加速器(450kW)的电子枪光学系统性能进行了研究。计算程序以带电粒子的洛伦兹力运动方程的相对论形式为基础,在充分考虑了空间电荷效应和电子自身产生磁场的情况下编写而成。在该程序中,网格的划分采用正方形网格;解泊松方程采用半迭代切比雪夫法;解轨迹方程采用四阶龙格 库塔法。经过对轴上电位的优化计算,得到了轴上电场的分布,电子轨迹以及阳极孔处的径迹斜率等结果,并且对外加电场与空间电荷场对束流的聚焦作用作了比较分析。计算发现,电子初始角和初始能量（对束流的）聚焦性能影响很小,二极管间距 d=58.5mm时对束流聚焦最有利。     

On the interpretation of the electron anomalous magnetic moment

Guided by a Compton-sized model, we demonstrate that: (a) the magnetic self-energy of the electron, as estimated initially by Rasetti and Fermi, can be directly related to both the sign and the magnitude of the electron anomalous magnetic moment; and (b) the classical expression for the magnetic self-energy of the electron exhibits the same characteristic logarithmic divergence that occurs in QED. This electron model quantitatively reproduces the spin, magnetic moment, and gyromagnetic ratio of the electron, correct to first order in = e² /c. It also relates the quantum-mechanical spin projection angle to the vanishing of the electric quadrupole moment, and it is capable of reproducing point-like scattering behavior.     

Investigation of the effect of electron cyclotron heating on runaway generation in the KSTAR tokamak

Wave enhanced runaway generation is expected to play an important role in the conversion of plasma current into runaway current during major disruptions. The fast electrons created by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) were used to study this issue in KSTAR. It is found that the fast electrons driven by ECH can enhance runaway production in the flat top phase with high loop voltage. The runaway current in disruptions was not enhanced by the ECH produced fast electron population due to the strong magnetic fluctuations which inhibited the generation of runaway electrons. It is found that a complete loss of existing REs during thermal quench has occurred in KSTAR limiter configuration discharges.     

Near threshold photodetachment cross section of negative atomic oxygen ions

A 40-target state close-coupling calculation for the photodetachment cross section of negative atomic oxygen near threshold is carried out with core－valence electron correlation by using the R-matrix method. It was shown that after considering the excitations of two electrons from the 2s shell, the electron affinity of O^- (2s^22p^5{}^2P°) agrees with the experimental result much better than that just considering the excitations of electrons only from the 2p shell as well as only one electron from the 2s shell. Total cross section as well as the main contribution of the ionization channels to the partial cross section are illustrated to show the structure near threshold clearly.     

Relaxation between electrons and surface phonons of a homogeneously photoexcited metal film

The energy relaxation between the hot degenerate electrons of a homogeneously photoexcited metal film and the surface phonons (phonon wave vectors in two dimensions) is considered under Debye approximation. The state of electrons and phonons is described by equilibrium Fermi and Bose functions with different temperatures. Two cases for electron scattering by the metal surface, namely specular and diffuse scattering, are considered.     

低能电子显微术及其应用

低能电子显微术是新发展起来的一种显微探测技术。它的特点是利用低能（１－３０ｅＶ）电子的弹性背散射使表面实空间实时成像，具有高的横向（１５ｎｍ）和纵向（原子级）分辩率，且易与低能电子衍射及其他电子显微术相结合。近年来它已有效地应用于金属和半导体表面的形貌观测、表面相变、吸附、反应及生长过程的研究。     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6＋ ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of difierent electron beam profiles,and the difierent angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The difiusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6+ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles,and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRm

A new generation electron cooler has started operation in the heavy ion synchrotron CSRm which is used to increase the intensity of heavy ions. Transverse cooling of the ion beam after horizontal multi-turn injection allows beam accumulation at the injection energy. After optimization of the accumulation process an intensity increase in a synchrotron pulse by more than one order of magnitude has been achieved. In given accumulation time interval of 10 seconds, 108 particles have been accumulated and accelerated to the final energy. The momentum spread after accumulation and acceleration in the 10-4 range has been demonstrated in six species of ion beams. Primary measurements of accumulation process varying with electron energy, electron beam current, electron beam profile, expansion factor and injection interval have been performed. The lifetimes of ion beams in the presence of electron beams were roughly measured with the help of DCCT signal.     

The effects of self-fields on the electron trajectory in a two-stream free electron laser with a helical wiggler and an axial guiding magnetic field

A theory for the two-stream free-electron laser(TSFEL) with a helical wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field is developed.In the analysis,the effects of self-fields are taken into account.An analysis of the two-stream steady-state electron trajectories is given by solving the equation of motion.Numerical calculations show that there are seven groups of orbits in the presence of self-fields instead of two groups reported in the absence of self-fields.The stability of the trajectories is studied numerically.