Efficient and high-power green beam generation by frequency doubling of acousto-optic Q-switched diode-side pumped Nd:YAG rod laser in a coupled cavity

A 52-W green laser at 532 nm by extra-cavity second-harmonic generation in a coupled-cavity configuration is demonstrated. The fundamental laser is a diode-side-pumped acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched Nd:YAG rod laser producing 84 W of average power at 1064 nm at 8 kHz repetition rate. Type-II phase-matched polished KTP crystal is used as the nonlinear crystal for second-harmonic generation. The individual green pulse width is 50 ns and the fundamental to second harmonic conversion efficiency is 61.8%.     

33 W continuous-wave single-frequency green laser by frequency doubling of a single-mode YDFA

A high power continuous-wave single-frequency green fiber laser by second-harmonic generation of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier(YDFA)is developed.A linearly polarized single-mode fiber amplifier produces a 60 W infrared laser at 1064 nm with a 103 W incident diode pump laser at 976 nm,corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 58%.An external bow-tie enhancement cavity incorporating a noncritically phase-matched lithium triborate crystal is employed for second-harmonic generation.A 33.2 W laser at 532 nm is obtained with a 45 W incident 1064 nm fundamental laser,corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 74%.     

Continuous-wave single-frequency 532 nm laser source emitting 130 W into the fundamental transversal mode

The nonlinear effect of second-harmonic generation is an efficient way to realize high-power green laser sources. But when scaling up the harmonic power, many setups reported in the literature have been limited by conversion efficiency degradation or the fundamental laser power. Here we report on the generation of 134 W of cw laser light at a wavelength of 532 nm from a fundamental power of 149 W by second-harmonic generation in an external optical resonator comprising a lithium triborate crystal. The external conversion efficiency was 90%. The harmonic light consisted of a single spectral line. At least 97% of it was emitted into the fundamental transversal mode.     

50.2W high stability and high compact all-solid-state green laser with extra-cavity frequency-doubling at 500 Hz

A 50.2W high pulse energy green laser system at 532 nm was demonstrated by extra-cavity second-harmonic generation (SHG). The fundamental laser was based on laser diode (LD) side-pumped MOPA Q-switched technology, producing 79W of average power at the repetition rate of 500 Hz, while the pulse width was 6 ns. Type-II angle phasematched KTiOPO₄ (KTP) crystal was used as the nonlinear crystal. The 50.2W average power of 532 nm laser was obtained with the divergence angle less than 0.6 mrad and the corresponding peak power of 16.7MW. The optical frequency conversion efficiency from fundamental to green laser was up to 63.5%. The measured output power fluctuation was less than 0.38% in one hour operation.     

High-average-power femtosecond pulse generation in the blue using BiB3O6

Efficient generation of tunable femtosecond pulses in the blue is reported in the nonlinear crystal BiB3O6. By use of fundamental pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at 76 MHz, single-pass second-harmonic average powers of as much as 830 mW have been generated at 50% conversion efficiency, and a tunable range of 375-435 nm in the blue is demonstrated. Temporal measurements using cross correlation of the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a 100-microm-thick beta-BaB2O4 crystal result in blue pulse durations of 220 fs for 130-fs fundamental pulses. Direct experimental comparison with beta-BaB2O4 confirms the superior performance BiB3O6 for second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses.     

High-stability single-frequency green laser with a wedge Nd:YVO4 as a polarizing beam splitter

The effect of the large power depletion of the fundamental wave in the phase-matched polarization on the stability of the second-harmonic wave output from an intracavity frequency-doubled ring laser is discussed. It has been demonstrated that the instability resulting from the unbalanced power depletion of the fundamental waves can be eliminated by using a wedge laser rod. The function dependence of the wedge angle and the laser power is concluded. An intracavity frequency-doubled ring laser with a wedge Nd:YVO₄ laser crystal and a LBO doubler is designed and built. Comparing with similar lasers but without using the wedge laser crystal, the frequency-conversion efficiency, the power stability and the polarization purity of the second-harmonic wave output from the laser with a wedge laser rod are significantly improved. The single-frequency green laser of 6.5 W at 532 nm, with the polarization degree more than 500:1 and the power stability better than ±0.3% for 3 h, was experimentally achieved.     

基于单块周期极化铌酸锂晶体级联三倍频的440 nm蓝光固体激光器

阐述了一种基于单块周期极化铌酸锂晶体级联三倍频实现440 nm蓝光输出的实验方案。根据周期极化铌酸锂晶体的Sellmeier方程以及倍频与和频的相位匹配条件,在一块周期极化铌酸锂晶体上设计了两段不同的极化周期,使其在同一工作温度下能分别实现倍频与和频,在先后经过倍频与和频后,实现级联三倍频输出。实验采用Nd: YAG产生的1319 nm光作为基频光,重频400 Hz,脉宽110 ns,横向和纵向光束质量因子分别为1.81和2.65。耦合进周期极化铌酸锂晶体后,出射光中检测到660 nm的红光和440 nm的蓝光。通过调整工作温度和入射基频光功率,得到2.4 mW的最大蓝光输出,此时工作温度55.5 ℃,基频光功率530 mW。实验结果验证了单块晶体实现级联三倍频440 nm蓝光输出的可行性。     

Efficient second-harmonic generation of continuous-wave Yb fiber lasers coupled with an external resonant cavity

Efficient second-harmonic generation of continuous-wave Yb fiber lasers is reported. A simple bow-tie external resonant cavity incorporating a type I LBO nonlinear optical crystal was employed for second harmonic frequency conversion of a multi-longitudinal-mode Yb fiber laser. It is shown that strong coupling was formed between the Yb fiber laser and the external cavity and, as a result, the laser produced 9.1 W of green output at 535 nm for 43?W of absorbed diode pump power at 975 nm corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 21?% with respect to absorbed diode pump power. The prospects for further improvement are discussed.     

高峰值功率KDP晶体四倍频266nm紫外激光器

报道了一种灯泵浦结构的Nd:YAG晶体电光调Q高峰值功率266nm紫外激光器。结合磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体性质,基于倍频理论,分析了考虑走离效应情况下存在相位失配量时KDP晶体长度对转换效率的影响。该激光器采用紧凑的平平腔结构,灯泵浦Nd:YAG晶体电光调Q 1064nm激光作为基频光,腔外采用Ⅱ类匹配磷酸钛氧钾(KTP)和Ⅰ类匹配KDP分别作为二倍频和四倍频晶体。利用能量计、示波器等仪器进行测量,激光器重复频率1Hz时,获得脉宽6.0ns,单脉冲能量35mJ的266nm紫外激光输出,峰值功率高达5.83 MW;当重复频率10Hz时,获得单脉冲能量28.9mJ的266nm紫外激光。532~266nm转换效率最高可达31.9%。利用该高峰值功率、窄脉宽266nm紫外激光器,能够实现激光打标、激光雕刻。     

非稳腔主动式直接获取纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光

通过对基于轴棱锥的贝塞尔谐振腔和贝塞尔-高斯谐振腔的研究,设计了一台腔内倍频Nd:YAG纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光激光器. 非稳激光器谐振腔由轴棱锥和凸面镜组成. 实验采用单灯脉冲抽运激光增益介质Nd:YAG晶体,倍频晶体选用KTP. 当抽运电压为350 V时,由主动式直接产生纳秒近似零阶贝塞尔绿光,其脉冲宽度为55.1 ns,波长为532 nm,线宽为0.8 nm,近似无衍射零阶贝塞尔绿光的中心光斑直径为192 μm. 利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff 衍射积分和Fox-Li迭代法,通过数值计算得出 关键词： 主动式 纳秒贝塞尔光束 腔内倍频 轴棱锥     

990 mW average power, 52% efficient, high-repetition-rate picosecond-pulse generation in the blue with BiB3O6

Efficient single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) of tunable high-repetition-rate picosecond pulses into the blue is reported in the nonlinear crystal BiB3O6. Using 2.4 ps fundamental pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at 76 MHz and a 10 mm crystal cut for type I (e + e --> o) phase matching in the optical yz plane, second-harmonic average powers as high as 990 mW with excellent stability have been generated at 52% conversion efficiency, and a tunable range of 370-450 nm is demonstrated. From measurements of single-pass SHG in the continuous-wave regime an effective nonlinear coefficient of 3.7 pm/V has been verified for BiB3O6, and direct comparison with beta-BaB2O4 confirms a SHG power enhancement of approximately 23% for the same crystal length. Autocorrelation measurements in a 200 microm crystal of beta-BaB2O4 result in durations of 2.8 ps for the second-harmonic blue pulses.     

Generation of tunable green radiation in bulk periodically poled KTiOPO4

We report a characterisation of a flux-grown periodically poled KTiOPO₄ crystal used for second-harmonic generation in a diode laser source, that operates with fundamental radiation tunable around 1083 nm wavelength. The conversion efficiency is measured for the three different grating periods of the crystal, as a function of input wavelength, crystal temperature and fundamental power. The measurements were fitted to the theoretical model of Boyd and Kleinman for frequency conversion of focused Gaussian beams. This enabled us to determine the temperature and wavelength dependence of the difference in refractive index between the interacting waves.     

LD泵浦腔外倍频高转换效率Nd3+∶GdVO4固体激光器

通过合理设计精密调控各元件和温控电流，得到了平均功率为70 mW，脉冲宽度为22 ns，重复频率为14 kHz，峰值功率高达230 W的Nd3+∶GdVO4/Cr4+YAG红外脉冲激光器.先采用双凸透镜组合成的望远镜系统对1 063 nm的红外激光进行扩束，再对该光束聚焦，最后经双轴晶体LBO倍频后，得到了平均功率为40.6 mW，脉冲宽度为16 ns，重复频率为14 kHz，峰值功率高达181 W的绿光激光输出，1063 nm→532 nm的转换效率高达58%.测量了532 nm的光谱线宽曲线.解释了该聚焦方法比单一薄透镜效果明显好的原因，并指出了这种聚焦方法的使用对象.     

43 W picosecond laser and second-harmonic generation experiment

Combining the advantages of diode-end-pumped Nd: YVO₄ and diode-side-pumped Nd: YAG amplifiers, a high average power and high beam quality picosecond laser is designed. The system delivers a picosecond laser with average power of 43.4 W and good beam quality of M² < 1.7. By focusing the high power picosecond laser in LBO crystal, 532 nm green laser with maximal power of 20.8 W is generated and the conversion efficiency of second-harmonic generation reaches 56.4% when 17.7 W green laser obtained from the fundamental frequency laser with power of 31.4 W and beam quality of M² < 1.25.     

Compensation for the thermal effect in the second-harmonic generation of a Q-switched nanosecond-kilohertz Nd:YVO4 laser

We report the quantitative relationship between the phase-matching condition and the surrounding temperature in a critical phase-matching second-harmonic generation of a Q-switched Nd:YVO₄ laser with a high repetition rate. The thermal effect can be effectively compensated for by appropriately changing the phase-matching angle with respect to the surrounding temperature of a nonlinear optical crystal. A stable wavelength conversion from the 1064 nm fundamental to the 532 nm second harmonic in a type-I critical phase-matching lithium triborate crystal is experimentally achieved and the corresponding conversion efficiency up to 70% is obtained.     

52% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency in a compact 1.5 W 532 nm second harmonic generation laser with intracavity periodically-poled MgO:LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Intracavity second-harmonic generation of 1.56 and 1.52 W continuous-wave 532 nm green laser radiation was obtained by quasi-phase matching in periodically-poled MgO:LiNbO₃ (MgO:PPLN) crystals with lengths of 2 and 1 mm, respectively. The maximum optical-to-optical efficiency achieved was 52%. The intracavity temperature bandwidth was 15 and 12°C for 1 mm crystal and 2 mm crystal, respectively.     

Integrated-grating-induced control of second-harmonic beams in frequency-doubling crystals

We report a novel type of integrated nonlinear photonic device for controlling the generation of several second-harmonic beams. Two-dimensional diffraction gratings are recorded with femtosecond laser pulses at the entrance surface of a frequency-doubling crystal. This periodic spatial modulation of the material surface induces noncollinear propagation of the fundamental input signal in the crystal. By slightly changing the angle of incidence of the seed beam, collinear and noncollinear phase matching can be achieved between different diffraction orders, in this way allowing the efficient generation of several second-harmonic beams.     

Efficient and compact intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO4/KTP laser end-pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode

A compact and efficient diode-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO₄/KTP green laser is demonstrated with a flat–flat cavity design. With a 1.3 at. % Nd³⁺-doped GdVO₄ crystal and pumped at the weak-absorption peak of 806 nm, the second-harmonic output power at 532 nm was measured to be 1.95 W at an incident pump power of 8.4 W, corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 23.2%. The output characteristic at the fundamental wavelength of 1.063 μm was investigated with two different pump wavelengths. More than 4.5-W output power was generated when the laser was pumped at 806.2 nm. Received: 26 July 2000 / Revised version: 18 September 2000 / Published online: 7 February 2001     

175 to 210 nm widely tunable deep-ultraviolet light generation based on KBBF crystal

We have developed a widely tunable deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser in the wavelength range from 175 to 210 nm by the fourth harmonic generation of Ti:Sapphire laser. The fourth harmonic generation is performed by direct second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a frequency doubled Ti:Sapphire laser with KBBF crystal. The highest output power is 2.23 mW at 193 nm, and the power of the DUV laser is more than 1 mW from 182 nm to 210 nm. To our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of milliwatt-level widely tunable DUV all-solid-state laser below 200 nm by direct SHG technique.     

41 mW high average power picosecond 177.3 nm laser by second-harmonic generation in KBBF

We report on the generation of high average power, high repetition rate, and picosecond (ps) deep-ultraviolet (DUV) 177.3 nm laser. The DUV laser is produced by second-harmonic generation of a frequency-tripled mode-locked Nd: YVO₄ laser (<15 ps, 80 MHz) with KBBF nonlinear crystal. The influence of different fundamental beam diameters on DUV output power and KBBF-SHG conversion efficiency are investigated. Under the 355 nm pump power of 7.5 W with beam diameter of 145 μm, 41 mW DUV output at 177.3 nm is obtained. To our knowledge, this is the highest average power for the 177.3 nm laser. Our results provide a power scaling by three times with respect to previous best works.