新型乘用车室内空气痕量组分快速检测系统的研制

基于自主研制的真空紫外单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪和在线高精度甲醛分析仪,研制了一套新型乘用车室内空气痕量组分的快速检测系统。通过净化空气对乘用车室内空气进行置换,置换完成后,分别利用在线挥发性有机物质谱仪和在线高精度甲醛分析仪对乘用车室内空气中痕量组分和甲醛进行连续检测。结果表明,苯、甲苯、二甲苯/乙苯、苯乙烯和甲醛在对应浓度范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99,相对标准偏差均小于5%,检出限分别为1.3×10^-9、0.1×10^-9、0.2×10^-9、0.8×10^-9、0.1×10^-9 mol/mol。采用该方法测定车内空气,结果显示,在短时间内,车内VOCs可快速释放达到释放亚平衡状态,并可得到亚平衡状态下的VOCs浓度及释放速率结果。测试车辆车内空气中待测物质苯、甲苯、二甲苯/乙苯、苯乙烯和甲醛的浓度分别为0.30、8.90、25.10、21.90、15.05μg/m³。该方法无复杂耗时的采样过程,操作简便,能够满足...     

气相色谱法同时测定溶剂型胶黏剂中的9种有害物质

建立了利用毛细管柱气相色谱同时测定溶剂型胶黏剂中苯、 甲苯、 对（间）二甲苯、 邻二甲苯、 二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）的方法,并对样品中有害物质的分离提取和色谱条件进行了研究.实验结果表明,方法化合物浓度在10~300 μg/mL时,线性相关系数不低于0.999 1,样品加标回收率在91.2%~104.1%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5%,检出限为0.1~3.0 μg/mL.方法不仅回收率高、重现性好,而且简便、快速.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定饮用水源水中24种VOCs

建立了同时测定饮用水源水中24种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法.用75 μm CarboxenTM-Polydimethylsiloxane(CAR-PDMS)固相微萃取柱顶空萃取水样中的VOCs,VOCs用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,采用内标法定量.对萃取柱涂层、样品盐度、萃取温度和萃取时间等样品前处理条件进行了优化,VOCs的检出限在0.03～0.31 μg/L之间,线性相关系数r＞0.996(二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷除外).对饮用水源水实际水样0.50μg/L和1.00 μg/L两个加标浓度水平的回收率进行了测定,三氯甲烷回收率均值分别为104％和142％,其余VOCs回收率分别为90.0％～120％和88.0％～110％,除二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷外,其余VOCs测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于15.0％(n=6).该方法适用于饮用水源水中挥发性有机物的监测分析.     

食品包装用塑料袋中残留苯系物的快速检测

利用顶空技术,采用质谱法测定,建立了一种快速测定食品包装用塑料袋中残留苯系物的质谱分析方法.苯同系物的基峰峰高与其浓度在以下范围呈线性关系0.29～29.36 μg·L-1(苯),0.29～28.87 μg·L-1(甲苯),0.29～28.67 μg·L-1(二甲苯);检出限依次为0.017,0.004,0.009 μg·L-1.回收率为91.0%～103.6%,相对标准偏差小于3.5%.     

顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定化妆品中α-氯甲苯

该文建立了一种适用于含苯扎氯铵的化妆品中α-氯甲苯的测定方法。首先通过气相色谱－质谱联用 法（GC－MS）剖析苯扎氯铵热分解产物的成分,确证了苯扎氯铵类化合物在气相进样口会分解产生α-氯甲苯。 采用气液平衡的顶空进样方式,并通过优化顶空进样参数、色谱分离和质谱测定条件,建立了一种化妆品中 α-氯甲苯的新型分析方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为80 ℃和30 min,样品于顶空瓶中用8 mL水和1. 0 g 氯化钠分散,以 HP－INNOWax 色谱柱（60 m × 0. 25 mm × 0. 25 μm）分离,采用选择离子监测模式（SIM）检 测,外标法定量。结果显示：α-氯甲苯在0. 01～5. 00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内与对应的峰面积呈良好的线性关 系（r = 0. 999）,方法检出限和定量下限分别为0. 02 μg/g和0. 05 μg/g,加标回收率为91. 3%～98. 8%,相对标 准偏差（RSD）为1. 5%～4. 9%。该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏度高,专一性好,能有效解决现有方法假阳性干 扰的问题,适用于各种化妆品中α-氯甲苯的准确测定。     

日本开发出检测空气中甲苯等的新试剂

日本庆应大学和神奈川技术学院最近开发出一种新试剂,这种试剂可容易地检测出室内空气中甲苯和二甲苯的浓度。 专家称,这将有助于人们及时了解室内空气污染情况,     

连续测量水中挥发性有机物的膜进样-单光子电离-质谱仪的研制及其应用

研制了膜进样-单光子电离-飞行时间质谱仪,并应用于水中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的连续在线快速测量.以50 μm硅橡胶膜为富集膜,用蠕动泵和电动切换阀,实现了水中VOCs的自动进样、富集和测量,无记忆效应.采用真空紫外灯发出的10.6 eV的光子,对待测有机物实现单光子电离,无碎片离子,便于根据分子量进行定性分析.苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯等样品的响应时间均低于100 s; 苯的检出限可达3×10-9(V/V),且在10×10-9～1×10-6(V/V)范围内具有良好的线性.将仪器应用于某化工厂排污水的在线检测中,在200 s时间内可检测到20多种10×10-9(V/V)量级的有机物.结果表明: 膜进样-单光子电离-飞行时间质谱在水中VOCs在线检测方面具有广泛应用前景.     

罐采样-预浓缩/气相色谱-质谱联用测定污染源废气中118种挥发性有机物

该文采用预浓缩/气相色谱-质谱联用仪(配FID检测器)结合Dean Switch中心切割和冷柱箱技术,建立了一针进样同时测定污染源废气中118种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的分析方法。废气样品采用苏玛罐收集,稀释后进系统分析,其中C2~C3组分在FID上测定,外标法定量;其他目标物在质谱(MS)上测定,内标法定量。结果显示,118种VOCs在0.5~30 nmol/mol浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r2)为0.995 3~0.999 9,方法检出限为0.01~0.38 μg·m-3,定量下限为0.03~1.51 μg·m-3;在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为76.4%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.30%~6.0%。将其应用于移动污染源(叉车)及固定污染源(制鞋厂、家具厂、印刷厂、塑料厂、造船厂)废气样品中VOCs的测定,均有不同程度的检出,其中叉车尾气中总VOCs(TVOC)含量为33.50~35.25 mg·m-3,固定污染源废气中TVOC为44.54~211.71 mg·m-3。该方法简便快速、稳定灵敏、准确度高,适用于移动污染源和固定污染源废气中VOCs的定性定量分析。     

气相色谱法快速同时测定室内装饰装修材料胶黏剂中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯的含量

建立了快速、同时测定室内装饰装修材料胶黏剂中苯、甲苯、二甲苯含量的气相色谱检测法.样品用乙酸乙酯溶解处理后,用改性的聚乙二醇(FFAP)毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量.胶粘剂中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度分别在8.58～171.40μg/mL、9.04～180.62μg/mL、8.80～175.92μg...     

电冷阱富集-光电离移动质谱快速检测痕量挥发性有机物

采用电动制冷机设计并搭建了一套低温富集-高温解析冷阱装置,与光电离移动质谱联用,实现了大气中痕量挥发性有机物(VOCs)快速、自动富集检测。与传统冷阱制冷方式相比,电动制冷机低温可至!196℃,体积小巧、无制冷剂消耗、便于携带。利用冷阱结合在线质谱分析了苯、甲苯和二甲苯混合气,对冷阱各参数进行了优化,结果表明:冷阱富集后苯、甲苯和二甲苯的信号强度分别提高了212、254和242倍,回收率分别达到98%、87%和85%,单样品分析时间14 min。将电冷阱结合移动式在线质谱直接分析含有39种VOCs的EPA TO-14标准混合气和室内环境空气,仪器灵敏度低于国家对室内空气中VOCs阈值。电冷阱富集在线移动式质谱可以实现大气、室内环境中痕量VOCs快速富集检测,在挥发性有机污染物现场、实时监测中具有重要的应用潜力。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.