噬菌体展示技术制备甲氧基有机磷农药抗独特型抗体

抗独特性抗体可用于建立针对农药等小分子物质的非竞争免疫检测模式.本研究将甲氧基有机磷农药通用半抗原(S-羧甲基-O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯,CMP)连接至琼脂糖凝胶,进而对甲氧基有机磷农药广谱特异性抗体进行纯化;以纯化抗体为固相抗原,以人源scFv抗体库(Tomlinson I+J)为抗体源,进行抗独特型抗体的筛选;利...     

甲氧基有机磷杀虫剂广谱特异性抗体的制备

以通用结构O,O-二甲基硫代磷酸酯为目标检测基团,制备针对甲氧基有机磷杀虫剂的广谱特异性抗体。利用O,O-二甲基硫代磷酸钠和氯乙酸合成半抗原S-羧甲基-O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯(CMP),通过混合酸酐法(MA)和活性酯法(AE)分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联。CMP-MA-BSA、CMP-AE-BSA作为免疫原均获得了免疫应答。其中,CMP-AE-BSA所获得的抗血清效价最高,为256000。研究了有机溶剂种类及含量、pH因素对ELISA曲线的影响,确定CMP酶联免疫分析方法(ELISA)的最佳工作条件,CMP的最低检测浓度为0.076μg/L,IC50为93.97μg/L。以14种常见有机磷杀虫剂为对象,检测抗体对其交叉反应,测定结果表明:抗体对马拉硫磷、稻丰散、乐果、亚胺硫磷、倍硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、甲基对硫磷、杀螟硫磷及杀扑磷等均有识别作用。IC50分别为69.92、136.90、230.39、416.84、508.57、510.38、607.21、835.30和850.21μg/L。该技术可用于多种甲氧基有机磷杀虫剂的快速定性或半定量检测。     

有机磷化合物的研究(Ⅳ)——S-烷基S-(N-取代氨基羰甲基)乙基三硫代磷酸酯的合成

应用乙基二硫化磷可制取O-烷基乙基二硫代膦酸酯^[1];从而可以进行此类杀虫剂的合成^[2].G.Schrader先后合成S,S-(3,4二氯苯基)三硫代乙基膦酸酯及S-乙基S-乙硫乙基三硫代甲基膦酸酯,生物试验证明它们是很好的杀虫剂,且对温血动物毒性低^[3].我们对乙基三硫代膦酸酯的制备进行了一些试验,最后以乙基三硫代膦酸铵和N-取代α-氯代乙酰胺反应,制取S-烷基S-(N-取代氨基羰甲基)乙基三硫代膦酸酯.     

有机磷化合物的研究Ⅲ.O-烷基-S-(N-取代氨基甲酰甲基)乙基二硫代膦酸酯的合成

我们曾合成O-烷基-O-取代苯基乙基硫代膦酸酯类化合物,证明有较好的杀虫效果.但碳磷键结构的膦酸酯一般毒性较大.本文合成一系列乙基二硫代膦酸酯类化合物,目的是寻求高效低毒有机磷农药.     

噻唑硫磷的结构研究

噻唑硫磷(fosthiazate)是一种新型、高效的有机磷农药。它是由2-氧化噻唑烷与S-仲丁基-O-乙基硫代磷酰氯通过取代反应制得,其化学名为O-乙基-S-仲丁基-2-氧代-1,3-噻唑烷-3-基硫代膦酸酯,结构式如下：     

5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因及其S-取代衍生物的绿色合成

以苯偶酰和硫脲为起始原料,在氢氧化钠水溶液中,合成了5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因;再以5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因为起始原料,与氯乙酸钠反应,在水相中合成了S-羧甲基-5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因,考察了硫脲、氢氧化钠和水用量对合成5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因产率的影响。考察了5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因用量对合成S-羧甲基-5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因产率的影响。确定了较佳工艺路线。产品结构经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR及质谱进行了表征。     

马拉赛昂类型化合物的制备

等克分子的二硫代磷酸-O,O-二乙酯与溴代丙二酸二乙酯在氢氧化钠的存在下分别用乙醇和丙酮为溶剂回馏,产生 S-双(乙氧甲酰)次甲基-O,O-二烷基二硫代磷酸酯(Ⅷ)(R 为 C_2H_(?)—,(?)-C_6H_7—,n-C_6H_7—,n-C_4H_9—,ClC_2H_4—)。初步昆虫试验结果证明 R 为乙基的化合物对拟谷盗有毒杀作用。     

一锅煮法合成α,α—双酰基和α—酰基—α—烷氧羰基烯酮环氧硫缩酮

a-氧代烯酮二硫代缩酮是一类具有多个反应中心的合成中间体．近年来，有关其合成、结构及其在有机合成中的应用的研究已有报道．经由a，a－H基烯酮二甲硫代缩酮及活性类似的该类化合物1和胺、醇胺等的取代反应可方便地制得N，N-、N，S-和N，O-缩酮类化合物[4]．虽经许多努力，但试图用1和醇钠反应制取O，S-缩酮的工作一直未获成功［5］．Junjappa[5]用酮和黄酸酯经两步反应实现了a-氧代烯酮O，S-缩酮的合成，我们[6]和李正名等[4]则用巯基乙醇和1的反应合成了这类化合物．上述合成方法若以带活泼亚甲基的化合物为起始物，则为两步反应…     

离子液体在番茄红素提取中的应用研究

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim]PF6)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Emim]BF4)、1-乙基-3-甲基溴盐([Emim]Br)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸一氢盐([Bmim]HSO4)离子液体为萃取剂,并用超声波辅助萃取新鲜番茄中的番茄红素.对离子液体超声波辅助萃取新鲜番茄中的番茄红素的条件进行了优化,优化后的提取条件为:以[Bmim]BF4为萃取溶剂,离子液体浓度:V乙醇/V[Bmim]BF4=3,在固定超声温度为40℃,超声萃取时间10min,超声波功率380W,料液比1:5 (g/mL)时,效果最佳.     

生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附法测定二乙基磷酸酯类有机磷农药

基于生物素和亲和素之间发生特异性反应,形成多酶系统,建立了二乙基磷酸酯类有机磷农药的竞争酶联免疫分析技术和生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫分析技术.在优化条件下,二乙基磷酸酯类有机磷农药浓度在1×10-1～1×104 μg/L范围内与抑制率线性关系良好,其线性回归方程为y＝0.1168x+0.6259(r＝0.9889),半...     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。