纳米微胶囊技术及其在植物精油中的应用

纳米微胶囊技术作为一门极具发展前景的新兴技术,在各个行业领域都有其独特性和优越性,尤其是在植物精油中的应用。本文对近年来国内外纳米微胶囊技术在植物精油中的研究进展进行了归纳总结。纳米微胶囊技术将液态的植物精油转变为固体形态,有效地控制芳香植物精油缓释性能,延长留香时间,并在食品、化妆品、纺织领域有着广泛的应用。纳米微胶囊技术及其在植物精油中的应用研究获得了长足的发展,展示出巨大的潜在市场应用前景,但目前仍需要投入大量工作研究植物精油纳米微胶囊新型制备方法,建立一套完整的实际可操作的系统来评价其性能,寻找新型低廉环保无毒害的天然材料作为壁材,以获取更具有应用价值的纳米微胶囊材料。     

阿舒假囊酵母合成的精油及其抗真菌活性与机理

利用发酵法对阿舒假囊酵母进行发酵, 用萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法从发酵液中提取精油; 通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法确定其成分; 分别利用抑菌圈和二倍稀释法实验法测定了精油的抗真菌能力、 最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度; 利用荧光标记法、 精油处理酵母后细胞内容物检测法及透射电子显微镜研究了精油的抗菌机理. 结果表明, 阿舒假囊酵母发酵法得到的精油产率为0.54 g/L. 用GC-MS法鉴定了22种化学成分, 占精油总量的98.82%. 精油主要由单萜、 倍半萜、 芳香醇和倍半萜烃类物质组成. 精油对白色念珠菌、 光滑念珠菌、 热带念珠菌、 季也蒙念珠菌、 新型隐球菌和酿酒酵母具有良好的抗菌活性, 其最小抑菌浓度分别为31.25, 31.25, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625和15.625 μg/mL; 最小杀菌浓度分别为62.5, 62.5, 125.0, 62.5, 31.25和31.25 μg/mL. 结果表明, 精油的抗菌机理可能是破坏真菌的细胞壁、 细胞膜, 使胞内物质外泄, 最终导致真菌死亡. 该研究结果为发酵法合成精油及其应用提供了新思路.     

不同产地的迷迭香精油成分分析及品质研究

本文采用GC／MS和GC／FTIR法，研究了不同产地的迷迭香精油化学成分并测定了其相对含量。结果表明，国产迷迭香精油与西班牙迷迭香精油化学成分的相对含量差别较大，但其主要组成成分相同，都为α-蒎烯、1，8-桉叶素、莰烯、樟脑、龙脑和β-蒎烯。该研究为我国迷迭香的综合开发利用提供了科学的依据。     

佛手柑精油化学成分的分析

1　引　　言佛手柑 (ＣｉｔｒｕｓｍｅｄｉｃａＬ .Ｖａｒ.ＳａｒｃｏｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓＳｗｉｎｇｌｅ)是芸香科植物佛手的果实 ,由于柑果的顶端张开如指 ,故得其名。在我国的浙江、广东、福建、四川等地均有栽培。近年的研究表明 ,不少具有药用价值的呈香植物 ,其药理活性是来自于植物中的精油成分 ,如薄荷具有局部血管扩张作用就是由于薄荷精油中所含有的薄荷酮这一化学成分。因此 ,研究佛手柑精油的化学成分 ,不仅能促进天然香料的开发 ,还可为研究其药用机理提供帮助。本研究用减压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了佛手柑精油 ,并用硅胶柱将精油成分…     

玫瑰花提取工艺、化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

玫瑰花具有重要的观赏和药用价值, 主要的化学成分有玫瑰精油、黄酮类、多糖类和酚酸类等, 具有心肌保护、抗氧化、抑菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、镇静催眠作用、调节血脂和降血糖等生物活性.玫瑰精油是高级香水、香料和化妆品不可取代的原料, 其提取工艺是工业研究的重点.对玫瑰花中的化学成分和生物活性进行了综述, 并重点总结了玫瑰精油的提取工艺、成分和生物活性, 为玫瑰花, 特别是玫瑰精油的研究和开发提供参考.     

K-Means聚类分析法筛选柠檬香茅茎叶差异蛋白及鉴定

柠檬香茅含有大量的香茅精油,运用十分广泛,然而其茎、叶的精油含量却相差悬殊。 为探索柠檬香茅精油代谢相关的蛋白途径,本文对柠檬香茅旗叶、成熟叶及茎秆等材料进行精油含量、总蛋白含量测定及双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)表达谱分析,运用k-means聚类分析方法对2-DE电泳中差异蛋白斑点的丰度、等电点和相对分子质量进行聚类分析和讨论,结果表明,旗叶和茎秆上调表达的蛋白质斑点的聚类对于相对分子质量变化敏感,成熟叶上调表达蛋白质斑点对于丰度的变化较为敏感。 预测了精油代谢功能相关的蛋白质斑点15个,挖取预测蛋白质斑点通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)成功鉴定了9个蛋白质。 本研究为柠檬香茅精油的蛋白代谢途径提供新的基础信息及研究思路。     

生姜精油的超高效合相色谱特征图谱研究

应用超高效合相色谱(UPC~2)技术研究了生姜精油的特征图谱。生姜精油经正庚烷稀释,以超临界CO_2为流动相,乙腈为助溶剂,采用超高效合相色谱梯度洗脱分离,流速为0.8 mL/min,二极管阵列(PDA)检测器测定,建立了特征峰PDA光谱谱图库及安徽产生姜精油的标准对照特征图谱。通过特征峰PDA光谱图检索识别及色谱图相似度评价,10份安徽产生姜精油的样品谱图与标准对照特征图谱的相似度均大于0.9。各共有指纹峰相对保留时间和相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.0%,方法精密度、重现性、稳定性良好,符合特征图谱评价要求。通过超高效合相色谱特征图谱采集,结合聚类分析、主成分分析,对20批不同来源的生姜精油样品成功进行了区分。该研究为生姜精油的质量控制及产地溯源提供了一种简便、快速的新方法。     

红豆蔻精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱及色-质谱法从红豆蔻精油中鉴定出33个组分,占总精油含量的87.3%。比较了闪蒸-气相色谱法与常规气相色谱法的结果。经IR、¹HNMR及MS鉴定,从精油中分得的化合物为1′-乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯。用高分辨质谱和B/F联动扫描法研究了它的质谱裂解过程并对其水解产物进行了分离和鉴定。     

桂花精油化学成分研究

用水蒸汽蒸馏法对江苏产桂花精油进行了提取, 并用GC-MS联用仪对其有效成分进行了测定. 结果表明: 江苏产桂花精油的香味成分主要是萜烯、醇类、氧化芳樟醇类、 5-己基二氢呋喃-2-酮、紫罗兰酮类、邻苯二甲酸酯类, 其中邻苯二甲酸酯类含量最大. 对水蒸汽蒸馏后的桂花水溶液进行萃取和GC-MS测试, 进一步证实了邻苯二甲酸酯的存在. 与其它产地的桂花精油化学成分比较, 其主要的香味成分基本相同, 但邻苯二甲酸酯含量不同, 这一研究结果表明: 研究不同产地的香料香味成分时需要将多种提取方法结合;对现有应用于化妆品和食用香精的桂花精油是否含有邻苯二甲酸酯需作进一步的研究.     

二维气相色谱/质谱分离分析中国苦水玫瑰精油中的复杂天然产物

运用二维气相色谱/质谱联用技术对天然植物萃取精油-中国苦水玫瑰精油中难分离的复杂成分进行了分离分析,同时对色谱共流出组分的切割方式和切割时间进行了研究探讨。玫瑰精油组分首先在预毛细管柱J＆W Scientific DB-1701（60m×250μm×0.5μm）上得到初步分离,通过FID信号确定了目标组分的切割时间段（...     

“In situ” extraction of essential oils by use of Dean–Stark glassware and a Vigreux column inside a microwave oven: a procedure for teaching green analytical chemistry

One of the principal objectives of sustainable and green processing development remains the dissemination and teaching of green chemistry in colleges, high schools, and academic laboratories. This paper describes simple glassware that illustrates the phenomenon of extraction in a conventional microwave oven as energy source and a process for green analytical chemistry. Simple glassware comprising a Dean-Stark apparatus (for extraction of aromatic plant material and recovery of essential oils and distilled water) and a Vigreux column (as an air-cooled condenser inside the microwave oven) was designed as an in-situ extraction vessel inside a microwave oven. The efficiency of this experiment was validated for extraction of essential oils from 30 g fresh orange peel, a by-product in the production of orange juice. Every laboratory throughout the world can use this equipment. The microwave power is 100 W and the irradiation time 15 min. The method is performed at atmospheric pressure without added solvent or water and furnishes essential oils similar to those obtained by conventional hydro or steam distillation. By use of GC-MS, 22 compounds in orange peel were separated and identified; the main compounds were limonene (72.1%), β-pinene (8.4%), and γ-terpinene (6.9%). This procedure is appropriate for the teaching laboratory, does not require any special microwave equipment, and enables the students to learn the skills of extraction, and chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. They are also exposed to a dramatic visual example of rapid, sustainable, and green extraction of an essential oil, and are introduced to successful sustainable and green analytical chemistry.     

Liquid-phase microextraction utilising plant oils as intermediate extraction medium--towards elimination of synthetic organic solvents in sample preparation

Hollow fibre based liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) using fatty oils and essential oils as the organic phase was evaluated to develop sample preparation technology eliminating the use of hazardous organic solvents. Basic drugs were extracted from different aqueous samples (0.2 to 1 mL) through approximately 15 microL of either almond oil, arachis oil, olive oil, soy-bean oil, anise oil, fennel oil, lavender oil, or peppermint oil (organic phase) immobilised within the pores of a polypropylene hollow fibre and into 20 microL of 10 mM HCOOH (acceptor phase) present inside the lumen of the hollow fibre. The extraction performance of the essential oils was comparable with the solvents normally used in LPME (dihexyl ether, n-octanol, and dodecyl acetate) in terms of extraction recovery and extraction speed. Whereas all essential oils tested were compatible with human urine, only anise oil was successful for plasma. The fatty oils provided lower recoveries than the essential oils due to higher viscosity, but all the fatty oils were compatible both with urine and plasma samples. In spite of the multi-component nature of the oils tested, they were not found to seriously contaminate the acceptor phases during extraction. In conclusion, fatty oils and essential oils may serve as alternative organic phase in LPME, eliminating the use of hazardous organic solvents.     

Increasing antibiotic activity against a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp by essential oils of Citrus limon and Cinnamomum zeylanicum

The genus Acinetobacter has gained importance in recent years due to involvement in serious infections and antimicrobial resistance. Many plants have been evaluated not only for direct antimicrobial activity, but also as resistance modifying agents. The Essential oil of Citrus limon (EOCL) addition at 156.25?μgmL(-1) (MIC/8) sub-inhibitory concentration in the growth medium led to MIC decrease for amikacin, imipenem and meropenem. The Essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (EOCZ) addition at 78.125?μg?mL(-1) (MIC/8) sub-inhibitory concentrations in the growth medium caused drastic MIC reduction of amikacin. Results of combining antibiotics and essential oils had shown us a synergistic effect with both essential oils/amikacin combinations. An additive effect was observed with the combinations of both essential oils and gentamicin. The results of this study suggest that essential oil of C. limon and C. zeylanicum may suppress the growth of Acinetobacter species and could be a source of metabolites with antibacterial modifying activity.     

Reactive nano-essential oils for sustained release of essential oils and application to wallpaper

Essential oils are a volatile and aromatic substance with a variety of active biological activities. However,the excessive volatility and inconvenience of the use of essential oils limit their applications. In this study,we developed a reactive mesoporous silica nanoparticle(rMSNs) based on cyanuric chloride modification for essential oil encapsulation and commodity adhesion. The large pore volume and specific surface area of rMSNs facilitate the nanoparticles adhering to a large amount of essen...     

Essential oil composition and antiradical activity of the oil of Iraq plants

This study examined the antiradical activity and chemical composition of essential oils of some plants grown in Mosul, Iraq. The essential oils of myrtle and parsley seed contained α-pinene (36.08% and 22.89%, respectively) as main constituents. Trans-Anethole was the major compound found in fennel and aniseed oils (66.98% and 93.51%, respectively). The dominant constituent of celery seed oil was limonene (76.63%). Diallyl disulphide was identified as the major component in garlic oil (36.51%). Antiradical activity was higher in garlic oil (76.63%) and lower in myrtle oil (39.23%). The results may suggest that some essential oils from Iraq possess compounds with antiradical activity, and these oils can be used as natural antioxidants in food applications.     

The artemisia L. Genus: a review of bioactive essential oils

Numerous members of the Anthemideae tribe are important as cut flowers and ornamental crops, as well as being medicinal and aromatic plants, many of which produce essential oils used in folk and modern medicine and in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Essential oils generally have a broad spectrum of bioactivity, owing to the presence of several active ingredients that work through various modes of action. Due to their mode of extraction, mostly by distillation from aromatic plants, they contain a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenes, phenol-derived aromatic and aliphatic components. The large genus Artemisia L., from the tribe Anthemideae, comprises important medicinal plants which are currently the subject of phytochemical attention due to their biological and chemical diversity. Artemisia species, widespread throughout the world, are one of the most popular plants in Chinese traditional preparations and are frequently used for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, hepatitis, cancer, inflammation and infections by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Extensive studies of the chemical components of Artemisia have led to the identification of many compounds as well as essentials oils. This review summarizes some of the main reports on the chemistry and anti-infective activities of Artemisia. Li. essential oils from the data in the recent literature (2000-2011).     

Use,analysis, and regulation of pesticides in natural extracts,essential oils,concretes, and absolutes

Natural extracts used by the fragrance and cosmetics industries, namely essential oils, concretes, resinoids, and absolutes, are produced from natural raw materials. These are often cultivated by use of monoculture techniques that involve the use of different classes of xenobiotica, including pesticides. Because of these pesticides’ potential effect on public health and the environment, laws regarding permitted residual levels of pesticides used in cultivation of raw materials for fragrance and cosmetic products are expected to become stricter. The purpose of this review is to present and classify pesticides commonly used in the cultivation of these natural raw materials. We will summarize the most recent regulations, and discuss publications on detection of pesticides via chemical analysis of raw natural extracts. Advances in analytical chemistry for identification and quantification of pesticides will be presented, including both sample preparation and modern separation and detection techniques, and examples of the identification and quantification of individual pesticides present in natural extracts, for example essential oils, will be provided.

广西产马尾松与湿地松针叶精油化学成分的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法从广西产马尾松和湿地松的针叶中提取精油,探索了松针投料量和提取时间对产油率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为：松针投料量700 g,提取时间5 h。在此最佳条件下马尾松和湿地松针叶的产油率分别为0.45%和0.19%。用气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）等方法分别对两树种的针叶精油进行了定量和定性分析,从马尾松针叶精油中分离出64种化学成分,鉴定了其中的20种成分,占挥发油总量的98.59%;从湿地松针叶精油中分离出73种化学成分,鉴定了其中的29种成分,占挥发油总量的94.23%。两树种针叶精油的主要化学成分大致相同,但在含量上有较大差别。马尾松针叶精油中α-蒎烯的含量约为湿地松的2.6倍,但其β-蒎烯含量低于后者。单萜和倍半萜是构成马尾松和湿地松针叶精油的主要成分。     

Aroma-therapeutic effects of massage blended essential oils on humans

Although blended essential oils are increasingly being used for the improvement of the quality of life and for the relief of various symptoms in patients, the scientific evaluation of the aroma-therapeutic effects of blended essential oils in humans is rather scarce. In this study, we hypothesized that applying blended essential oil would provide a synergistic effect that would have a chance for success in treating depression or anxiety. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the blended essential oil on autonomic parameters and on emotional responses in humans following transdermal absorption. The blended essential oil consisted of lavender and bergamot oils. Human autonomic parameters, i.e. blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate, and skin temperature, were recorded as indicators of the arousal level of the autonomic nervous system. In addition, subjects had to rate their emotional condition in terms of relaxation, vigor, calmness, attentiveness, mood, and alertness in order to assess subjective behavioral arousal. Forty healthy volunteers participated in the experiments. Blended essential oil was applied topically to the skin of the abdomen of each subject. Compared with placebo, blended essential oil caused significant decreases of pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which indicated a decrease of autonomic arousal. At the emotional level, subjects in the blended essential oil group rated themselves as 'more calm' and 'more relaxed' than subjects in the control group. This finding suggests a decrease of subjective behavioral arousal. In conclusion, our investigation demonstrates the relaxing effect of a mixture of lavender and bergamot oils. This synergistic blend provides evidence for its use in medicine for treating depression or anxiety in humans.