基于网状铂电极的新型柔性染料敏化太阳能电池

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）作为一种新型的化学太阳能电池,因其精简的封装工艺、较低廉的价格、高的化学稳定性以及可弯折等优点而备受关注. 本文介绍了一种新型的柔性DSSC的制备,其光阳极为高度有序的氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线阵列,对电极为柔性、导电、透明的网状铂(Pt networks)电极. 相对于传统的铂对电极而言,这种Pt networks对电极不仅具有优异的导电能力,还展现了极好的透光性（方阻~ 100 Ω•sq^-1,~80%透光率）和催化性能,此外,Pt networks电极可构筑于任意弯曲的衬底,具有优异的机械耐弯折性能. 在ZnO纳米线阵列的DSSCs的应用中,基于Pt networks膜的柔性DSSC的转化效率比铂纳米丝阵列 (Pt nanofiber arrays, Pt NFs）膜高出了32%.     

新型有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展

染料敏化纳米晶太阳电池被认为是一种能够代替硅太阳电池的新型电池。本文介绍这一有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展,重点论述了4种半导体电极的低温成膜方法,即压力法、水热合成法、微波照射法和电泳沉积法;介绍了对电极塑料薄膜化的研究成果并阐述了塑料薄膜太阳电池的开发现状及今后的研究动向。     

新型有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展

染料敏化纳米晶太阳电池被认为是一种能够代替硅太阳电池的新型电池。本文介绍这一有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展,重点论述了4种半导体电极的低温成膜方法,即压力法、水热合成法、微波照射法和电泳沉积法;介绍了对电极塑料薄膜化的研究成果并阐述了塑料薄膜太阳电池的开发现状及今后的研究动向。     

新型有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展

染料敏化纳米晶太阳电池被认为是一种能够代替硅太阳电池的新型电池.本文介绍这一有机太阳电池塑料薄膜化的研究进展,重点论述了4种半导体电极的低温成膜方法,即压力法、水热合成法、微波照射法和电泳沉积法;介绍了对电极塑料薄膜化的研究成果并阐述了塑料薄膜太阳电池的开发现状及今后的研究动向.     

基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池

本文全面介绍了基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池的研究和应用现状,特别是ZnO光阳极的制备方法,包括传统的手术刀法、丝网印刷技术和电沉积自组装方法,以及最近发展起来的机械挤压法、化学液相沉积法、化学气相沉积法和低温水热法等,对不同制备薄膜方法的工艺条件和优缺点进行了综述.同时介绍了微/纳米复合结构和直线电子传输对光电转换效率提高的作用.指出了ZnO太阳电池未来发展方向是:探索制备ZnO电极的新形貌和新方法,寻找性能更加优异的染料,以提高ZnO太阳电池的光电转换效率.     

基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池的研究

本文全面介绍了基于ZnO光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池的研究和应用现状,特别是ZnO光阳极的制备方法,包括传统的手术刀法、丝网印刷技术和电沉积自组装方法,以及最近发展起来的机械挤压法、化学液相沉积法、化学气相沉积法和低温水热法等,对不同制备薄膜方法的工艺条件和优缺点进行了综述.同时介绍了微/纳米复合结构和直线电子传输对光电转换效率提高的作用.指出了ZnO太阳电池未来发展方向是:探索制备ZnO电极的新形貌和新方法,寻找性能更加优异的染料,以提高ZnO太阳电池的光电转换效率.     

柔性染料敏化太阳电池的制备和性能研究

柔性染料敏化太阳电池作为具有低生产成本的实用化技术受到高度重视.本文研究以金属钛为基底的纳晶TiO2薄膜电极和以导电涂层聚合物为基底的对电极组成的柔性染料敏化太阳电池.为提高光电转换效率,采用直流低场电泳沉积、直流和脉冲电压下的电化学阳极氧化及丝网印刷,结合高温烧结方法,制备金属钛为基底的纳晶TiO2薄膜电极和TiO2...     

基于量子点涂料的柔性光阳极及碳基对电极的制备和优化

首先制备出量子点(QDs)/TiO_2涂料,分别采用丝网印刷法与刀刮法将涂料涂覆于ITO/PET柔性基底上,结果表明刀刮法制备量子点敏化太阳电池(QDSCs)效果更佳,且具有普适性。基于铜片对电极所组装的ZnCuInSe,CdSe和CdSeTe量子点半柔性QDSCs最高效率分别达2.83%,2.46%和1.99%。另外,我们对石墨纸进行表面化学修饰以提高亲水性,再通过简单的连续离子交换吸附法(SILAR)在石墨纸上负载Cu_xS纳米粒子,制备出Cu_xS/GP柔性对电极,进一步组装成全柔性QDSCs,获得了2.13%光电转化效率。     

单晶二氧化钛纳米线的制备及其在柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法制备单晶二氧化钛纳米线(SCTNW),在高压高温和强碱作用下,二氧化钛颗粒的(010)晶面被NaOH溶液侵蚀,生成钛酸钠(Na2Ti4O9);经过酸洗后,生成钛酸水合物(H2Ti4O9·H2O),钛酸水合物之间通过氢键连接成线状;烧结失水后,最终形成SCTNW.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段进行表征和测试,分析了SCTNW的形成过程,探讨了水热时间对SCTNW形成的影响;将获得的SCTNW共混在二氧化钛纳米颗粒的胶体中,采用刮涂法在柔性钛箔上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光阳极,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、交流阻抗谱(EIS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计和电池光电性能等表征和测试,探讨了SCTNW的共混量对柔性DSSC光电性能的影响.实验结果表明:当共混7.5%(w)的SCTNW时,所制备的柔性DSSC在100mW·cm-2模拟太阳光照下,光电转换效率达到6.48%.     

一维纳米材料在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用*

一维纳米材料以无序或有序、单一或复合的形式被广泛应用于染料敏化太阳电池（dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC）中,并展示其独特的电学和光学特性。基于一维纳米材料在DSSC中的应用而发展起来的“电子高速公路概念”越来越受到研究者的重视。本文综述了一维纳米材料在DSSC中的应用研究进展,重点介绍光阳极中一维纳米材料的电子学特性和合成方法、光阳极的制备特点、电池性能及其优缺点等,并就一维纳米材料在DSSC中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Multifunctional flexible and stretchable polyurethane/carbon nanotube strain sensor for human breath monitoring

Flexible and stretchable polyurethane/carbon nanotube composite with strain detection ability was used for human breath monitoring. The composite material consisted of a network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and thermoplastic high elastic polyurethane. It was found that elongation of the composite led to a macroscopic increase in electrical resistance, which can be used as a principle for applied strain detection. This detection was reversible, durable, and sensitive with gauge factor reaching very promising value, as, for example, ~46 at applied deformation of 8.7%. Further, the composite could be elongated to very large extend of deformation without discontinuity in measured resistance change reaching gauge factor ~ 450 at composite mechanical break at ~300% of strain. Sensor durability was also confirmed by sine wave deformation cycling when any decrease in the sensor properties for more than 10³ cycles was observed. Simultaneously, the prepared composite possessed other utility properties also and was considered as multifunctional when it was tested as an organic solvent vapor sensor, an element for Joule heating and finally as a microstrip antenna.     

微纳结构柔性压力传感器的制备及应用

柔性压力传感器是一种能够感知或监测外界压力变化的柔性电子器件,具备灵敏度高、形变灵活、制备工艺简单等特点,在可穿戴式电子产品、健康医疗、软体机器人、人机交互等新兴领域具有广泛而重要的应用。灵敏度、检测极限、响应时间与循环工作稳定性是柔性压力传感的核心性能指标,微纳结构的引入对提高柔性压力传感器综合性能具有重要作用。本文根据微纳结构的主要类型介绍了基于微纳结构的柔性压力传感器的最新研究进展,包括各种不同形貌微纳结构对柔性压力传感器性能的影响及其在柔性压力传感器中的应用,并对柔性压力传感器未来的发展提出展望。     

FDS: flexible ligand and receptor docking with a continuum solvent model and soft-core energy function

The docking of flexible small molecule ligands to large flexible protein targets is addressed in this article using a two-stage simulation-based method. The methodology presented is a hybrid approach where the first component is a dock of the ligand to the protein binding site, based on deriving sets of simultaneously satisfied intermolecular hydrogen bonds using graph theory and a recursive distance geometry algorithm. The output structures are reduced in number by cluster analysis based on distance similarities. These structures are submitted to a modified Monte Carlo algorithm using the AMBER-AA molecular mechanics force field with the Generalized Born/Surface Area (GB/SA) continuum model. This solvent model is not only less expensive than an explicit representation, but also yields increased sampling. Sampling is also increased using a rotamer library to direct some of the protein side-chain movements along with large dihedral moves. Finally, a softening function for the nonbonded force field terms is used, enabling the potential energy function to be slowly turned on throughout the course of the simulation. The docking procedure is optimized, and the results are presented for a single complex of the arabinose binding protein. It was found that for a rigid receptor model, the X-ray binding geometry was reproduced and uniquely identified based on the associated potential energy. However, when side-chain flexibility was included, although the X-ray structure was identified, it was one of three possible binding geometries that were energetically indistinguishable. These results suggest that on relaxing the constraint on receptor flexibility, the docking energy hypersurface changes from being funnel-like to rugged. A further 14 complexes were then examined using the optimized protocol. For each complex the docking methodology was tested for a fully flexible ligand, both with and without protein side-chain flexibility. For the rigid protein docking, 13 out of the 15 test cases were able to find the experimental binding mode; this number was reduced to 11 for the flexible protein docking. However, of these 11, in the majority of cases the experimental binding mode was not uniquely identified, but was present in a cluster of low energy structures that were energetically indistinguishable. These results not only support the presence of a rugged docking energy hypersurface, but also suggest that it may be necessary to consider the possibility of more than one binding conformation during ligand optimization.     

Freestanding Carbon Nanotube Film for Flexible Straplike Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Flexible lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries are promising to meet the emerging power demand for flexible electronic devices. The key challenge for a flexible Li/S battery is to design a cathode with excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. In this work, a flexible strap-like Li/S battery based on a S@carbon nanotube/Pt@carbon nanotube hybrid film cathode was designed. It delivers a specific capacity of 1145 mAh g⁻¹ at the first cycle and retains a specific capacity of 822 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Moreover, the flexible Li/S battery retains stabile specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency even under severe bending conditions. As a demonstration of practical applications, an LED array is shown stably powered by the flexible Li/S battery under flattened and bent states. We also use the strap-like flexible Li/S battery as a real strap for a watch, which at the same time provides a reliable power supply to the watch.     

科技与时尚的结合——柔性可穿戴电池

随着智能便携式电子产品的不断涌现，高功率密度和高能量密度的柔性可穿戴电池得到越来越多的研究和关注。对国内外柔性电池在柔性电极材料、固态电解质、电池结构型式和制备工艺等方面的发展现状进行了总结，对柔性电池现存的问题进行了分析探讨，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

电沉积法制备聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)微米管及其在柔性全固态超级电容器的应用

通过一步电沉积方法制备了不同的酸介质和表面活性剂掺杂的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)微米管电极材料,并用其来制备柔性的全固态对称超级电容器。同时探究了沉积时间对相同的酸介质和表面活性剂掺杂的PEDOT微米管电容性能的影响。最终产物的结构通过各种表征技术进行表征,包括扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和FT-IR光谱。电化学结果表明,用硫酸(H2SO4)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)掺杂的PEDOT微米管的电容性能明显提升。用沉积时间为600 s的PEDOT微米管所制备的超级电容器的面积比电容在10 mV·s-1的扫速下达到113.5 mF·cm~(-2)。在不同的弯曲角度下,该固态的对称超级电容器的面积比电容仍保持初始电容值的93%,表明其具有较高的柔性。此外,在电流密度为0.6 mA·cm~(-2)的条件下经过2 000次循环后,其电容值几乎保持初始电容值的95.5%,显示出优异的循环稳定性。制备出来的柔性全固态超级电容器可点亮LED灯,表明其能够满足微电源的实际应用。     

Sol-Gel; Potential Creative Applications for the Artist,Focusing on the Colloidal Alkali Silicate Route

The development of the colloidal alkali silicate gelation process (the Shoup Method) has established that intricately shaped large size monolithic glass samples are achievable without the need for long drying procedures or the use of a critical drying process. The ability to fabricate gels with large pores (diameter range of 100–300 nm) and the ability to dry them simply and quickly (with the help of a microwave oven) has made Sol-Gel technology accessible to the artist. The ability to cast from flexible molding compounds, to cast without major finishing, to dope and color directly with metal oxides, establishes new possibilities for the artistic forming of glass.     

The Effects of Metal Ions and Secondary Ligands on the Formation of Structures Resulted from Flexible Building Blocks

1 INTRODUCTION In order to achieve predictable structures resulted from flexible building units, we have synthesized The rational design and construction of inorganic- two complexes from the mixed ligands of 3-(4-chlo- organic hybrid materials by flexible ligands have re- rophenyl) glutaric acid (cpg) (Scheme 1) and 1,3-di- ceived considerable attention due to their novel struc- (4-bipy) propane (bpp), and obtain 1D bilayer ladder tures as well as their special functional properties[1~6].…     

配位聚合物[Zn(PDA)(obix)]的合成、晶体结构和荧光性质

Hydrothermal reaction between 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H₂PDA) and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O at the presence of the second ligand of 1,2-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl)benzene (obix) yields a new 2D metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn(PDA)(obix)] (1), which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Complex 1 presents a two-dimensional (2D) sheet structure and displays strong luminescent emission at room temperature. CCDC: 716984.     

基于柔性硫醚与Cu2Br2单元二维配位聚合物的合成、结构和荧光性质

A complex [Cu₂Br₂(L)₂]_n(1) (L=bis(2-pyrimidinylthio)methane) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 contains dinuclear Cu₂Br₂ units, which are linked by ditopic L to form a 2D layer structure with a 36-membered macrometallocycle. The adjacent layers are further connected through interpyrimidyl rings C-H…N and π-π interactions to give rise to a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Complex 1 also displays strong green solid-state photoluminescence, due to metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) at room temperature. CCDC: 711434.