紫精类化合物分子聚集体材料的界面组装

紫精类化合物具有良好的电化学活性,并且在发生氧化还原反应时伴有颜色的变化,在膜修饰电极、电致变色材料和分子器件的研制等方面受到广泛的关注。紫精中的烷基链非常易于进行化学修饰,因而比较适合于通过自下而上的分子自组装技术制备多功能的分子和纳米材料。本文综述了利用Langmuir-Blodgett法、自组装法和层层组装法制备紫精分子聚集体材料的研究进展,并讨论了分子聚集体薄膜中紫精的结构、电致变色、电化学氧化还原特性及其在研制超分子器件方面的应用。     

二硫化钼基复合材料的合成及光催化降解与产氢特性

随着环境污染和能源短缺的加剧,无污染环境修复技术及清洁能源替代工程已成为一项重要而紧迫的任务。作为层状结构的过渡金属硫化物,二硫化钼带隙较窄,边缘具有高的反应活性,容易与其他物质形成复合结构,是近年来光催化环境修复及清洁能源领域的研究热点。本文详细介绍了半导体二硫化钼及其复合物的合成方法和光催化降解与产氢行为,重点阐述了二硫化钼及其复合物的具体复合方式、光催化降解污染物活性、光催化产氢活性以及具体的降解与产氢机理等方面的内容,并举例说明。二硫化钼及其复合物在光催化降解污染物和光催化产氢方面具有绿色、廉价、高效等优点,在环境修复及清洁能源领域具有巨大的潜力和应用发展前景。     

第二配位层磺酸根在电催化析氢反应中的作用（英文）

析氢反应涉及电子和质子转移过程,即PCET过程,需要较大的过电势才可以驱动析氢反应发生.因此,合成过电势低,活性高的催化剂成为研究热点.自然界中,铁铁氢化酶可以将质子高效地还原成氢气.经研究,铁铁氢化酶的结构中有一个氨基基团位于活性金属中心铁的一侧,因此可以精准、有效地将质子传递给金属铁,从而提高催化效率.受自然界启发,很多分子催化剂模拟了自然界中氢化酶的结构,在分子内引入proton-relay基团,促进了析氢过程中PCET的过程.但目前只有关于这类分子催化剂通过促进质子传输进而提高催化效率的文献报道,尚未发现有关其改变氢氢成键方式的研究.前期工作中,本课题组设计合成了卟啉镓并用于电催化质子还原的研究.利用循环伏安法对其析氢活性进行了测试,发现分别以三氟乙酸(TFA)和醋酸(HOAc)作为质子源时,催化析氢的电化学行为不同.在强酸(TFA)体系中,催化剂在经历了两电子还原后,生成的金属氢化物可以直接和质子发生反应,生成氢气.但是在弱酸(HOAc)体系中,生成的金属氢化物需要再经过一电子的还原才可以驱动整个催化反应的进行.在该工作的基础上,通过调研文献得知,在分子内引入酸基团时,可以极...     

提升二维材料的电催化析氢和光催化析氢性能的策略

世界能源危机问题和环境问题日益突出,寻找低廉、易得且能够替代化石的清洁能源是目前研究的热点.氢气具有可再生性、安全、高能量密度、环境友好型等优点,因而成为替代化石燃料的首选.在众多途径中,电催化产氢和光催化产氢是目前应用较广且比较成熟的方法,其工艺过程简单、无污染,但由于效率较低或生产成本较高等因素,其大规模应用受到一...     

钌分子氢配合物催化烯烃的离子氢化

在氢气压力下，钌配合物[^MeCnRuCl(dppe)](O3SCF3)与AgO3SC3在CH2Cl2中反应生成分子氢配合物[^MeCnRu(H2)(dppe)](O3SCF3)2，该分子氢配合物具有催化烯烃离子氢化的活性。原位高压核磁共振研究显示，这种催化离子氢化反应可能是由分子氢配合物向烯烃转移氢质子形成碳正离子引起的。     

水合肼分解产氢催化剂研究进展

氢气作为21世纪最具发展前景的清洁能源,一直备受关注.寻找安全高效的储氢材料以转型到氢能社会是当前面临的最大挑战之一.水合肼(N2H4·H2O)具有高含氢量(w=8.0％),完全分解产氢副产物仅为氮气和水,被视为一种极具应用潜力的液相化学储氢材料.开发高效、高选择性的催化剂以催化水合肼完全分解,是研究水合肼分解产氢的关...     

金属卟啉与过渡金属盐分步催化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮及反应机理

对以四氢萘为原料制备α-四氢萘酮的工艺进行了研究. 反应分两步进行: 首先以金属卟啉为催化剂催化空气氧化四氢萘,得到主要成分为α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮的氧化产物;然后以过渡金属盐为催化剂,将氧化产物中的α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向分解为α-四氢萘酮. 结果表明,四氢萘的金属卟啉催化氧化产物主要是α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮,仅得到微量的α-四氢萘醇. 含过渡金属CuⅠ和FeⅡ离子的盐类可以高选择性地将四氢萘氧化产物中α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向转化为α-四氢萘酮, FeⅡ离子的活性最高. 详细考察了不同金属卟啉及其浓度、温度对催化氧化四氢萘的影响;考察了不同金属离子及其浓度、温度对分解过程的影响. 对金属卟啉的催化氧化机理及过渡金属离子分解α-四氢萘过氧化氢机理进行了探讨.     

半导体光催化分解水的析氢效率研究

光催化水制氢是太阳能向氢能转化的有效途径,在清洁能源利用方面具有较大的潜力。光催化产氢过程主要包括光生电子和空穴对的产生、迁移以及在表面活性位点的氧化还原反应,在此过程中由于电子-空穴对的复合以及催化剂的结构和表面活性位点的局限,导致电子和空穴不能完全迁移到催化剂表面并参与氧化还原反应,从而降低了析氢效率。因此本文以抑制光生电子-空穴对复合及增加表面活性位点为目的,从调控催化剂微观特性和外在属性两方面入手,分析总结了目前常见的半导体催化剂粒径、形貌、晶面、表面活性位点调控手段以及异质结构建和助催化剂负载的方法,探究了上述因素对催化剂析氢效率的影响途径和方式,从中归纳出提升析氢效率的办法。最后对光催化制氢的未来研究方向进行了展望,希望以此为光催化产氢效率的提高提供借鉴。     

基于多肽自组装的人工金属酶

模拟酶,又称人工酶,是在分子水平上模拟天然酶活性部位的形状、大小及其微环境等结构特征的分子或分子聚集体。随着纳米科学和超分子技术的发展,构筑具有生物催化活性的超分子模拟酶已经成为科学研究和应用开发领域的热点。肽组装金属酶是以多肽分子为基本单元,在非共价作用力协同作用下形成的超分子组装体。相比其他功能性材料,肽人工金属酶的结构及生物化学性质更接近天然酶,其分子本身更利于修饰改造,且生物相容性和功能性较好,使其在模拟酶方面具有独特优势。本文总结了近年来通过多肽自组装构建人工金属酶的研究进展,重点综述了多肽组装模式、组装体微观结构、超分子结构、金属活性中心微环境以及pH值对模拟酶催化活性的影响。增加自组装微结构的稳定性、增加催化活性以及扩大由人工酶催化的反应类型是肽人工金属酶研究中的主要挑战。构筑更加稳定的肽自组装纳米结构及更加精确的活性中心以模拟天然酶的结构和活性中心是正确的策略。     

可见光驱使下有机染料与镍配合物催化放氢芳构化反应研究

在可见光催化下,联合廉价易得的有机染料曙红Y与容易制备的镍催化剂在室温条件下,高效绿色地实现了分子内的脱氢芳构化,此过程中只放出氢气无副产物,无需外在氧化剂,条件温和,产率高,对环境友好.此外,在其他条件相同的情况下,将绝氧条件下的放氢反应跟与有氧条件下的需氧氧化反应进行了对照,发现汉斯酯衍生物及1,4-二氢嘧啶衍生物在放氢条件下得到较高产率;而在需氧氧化条件下3,4-二氢噻吩衍生物、2,5-二氢吡咯衍生物芳构化的转化率更高.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.