漆树漆酶的催化氧化作用——Ⅳ.二茂铁及其衍生物的酶促氧化

漆酶是含铜单电子氧化酶,主要催化邻、对苯二酚(胺)类底物氧化,它对不溶于水的二茂铁(Fc-H)及其衍生物(Fc-R)的催化氧化未见报道。本文考察了漆树漆酶在磷酸缓冲液-二乙二醇丁醚(DGBE)中对Fc-H和15个Fc-R的催化氧化反应。     

超声-光催化降解水中有机污染物

超声-光催化是一项近年发展起来的废水处理的新型高级氧化技术。该技术利用超声的空化效应、自由基效应以及机械效应强化光催化的催化效能,实现超声和光催化对水中有机污染物的协同降解。本文从水中有机污染物的超声-光催化降解机理、降解动力学、影响因素（光催化剂类型和投加量、超声频率和强度、溶液pH值、温度、反应物初始浓度、溶解性气体和离子强度）和反应器类型（悬浮型、固定床型）4个方面介绍了相关研究进展,提出了目前存在的主要问题,并展望了超声-光催化降解水中有机污染物的发展方向。     

用于生物氧化的蓝色漆酶

漆酶是一种含铜多酚氧化酶, 在真菌和高等植物中产生, 多为分泌型糖蛋白. 有氧的条件下, 漆酶能催化底物氧化, 把氧还原成水. 详述了漆酶在有机合成中的应用.     

细菌漆酶的功能与催化特性

正漆酶(laccase)(EC 1.10.3.2)是一类含铜的多酚氧化酶(copper-containing polyphenol oxidase),属于蓝色多铜氧化酶(blue multi-copper oxidase,MCO)家族,能催化多种酚类、芳胺类化合物的氧化,同时将分子氧还原成水.漆酶突出的催化特性是它的底物具有广泛性、催化反应具有复杂性,生     

漆酶的生物电化学研究

漆酶属于蓝多铜氧化酶家族,在自然界尤其是真菌中广泛存在.漆酶在催化多种底物氧化的同时,伴随氧一步四电子直接还原生成水,铜离子活性中心作为辅助基团,参与电子传递过程.漆酶这一良好的电化学特性使其成为生物阴极的理想催化剂.本文综述了漆酶作为具有生物活性的氧化还原蛋白质在电化学领域的研究情况,从漆酶的结构及来源、生物电催化反...     

漆树漆酶对共存二茂铁和亚铁氰化钾的催化氧化

漆酶是含铜金属酶,主要来源于漆树漆液(生漆)和真菌,分别称漆树漆酶和真菌漆酶。近年来,人们对漆酶的催化氧化反应的研究很感兴趣。已经发现漆酶的催化反应大多在水溶液中进行,氧化底物主要是邻、对苯二酚(胺)及其衍生物,对二茂铁(Fc-H)及其衍生物(Fc-R)的催化氧化尚不多见,对共存Fc-H和K_4Fe(CN)_6的催化氧化也未见报道,这可能与Fc-H和多数Fc-R不溶于水有关。本文选择二乙二醇单丁醚(DGBE)和磷酸盐缓冲液为混合溶剂,使Fc-H和K_4Fe(CN)_6以一定浓度共溶其中,考察了在该体系中漆树漆酶对Fc-H和K_4Fe(CN)_6的催化氧化反应。     

超声技术处理水中有机污染物

超声技术在处理水中有机污染物的应用近年来受到越来越多的关注.与常规处理方法相比,超声处理高效省时.超声技术对众多难处理有机污染物的降解是有效的.本文介绍了超声降解有机污染物原理、影响因素和各种方法,主要包括单独使用超声处理和超声与生物催化剂、化学氧化、吸附等其它技术的联用,综述了近年来利用超声技术处理水中有机污染物的研究进展,对存在问题和发展趋势提出了见解.     

用微量热法研究漆酶和过氧化氢的反应

漆树酶是含铜酶。在酶系统中属于一种选择性较差的氧化酶,它能与许多还原底物作用,同时亦能还原分子氧生成水。在这些反应中漆酶中的三个不同的氧化还原活性中心和其作用途径常常是研究中的主要对象。在无氧条件下,漆酶被底物还原后,可用氧再氧化,实验表明,酶分子中的Cu2~+—Cu~(1+)循环是催化机理的一部分。1970年Farver等人在研究漆树酶与过氧化氢之间的反应时发现,漆树酶与过氧化氢有一种特殊作用,二者会生成一种稳定的具有高亲合力的复合物,该复合物不会被氧再氧化,其反应可用下式表示:式中L-Cu(Ⅱ)表示含二价铜的漆酶分子,二价铜在此反应中起活性中心的作用。本工作中,用微量热法测量了漆树酶与过氧化氢反应的一些热动力学性质。     

超声-光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

超声-光催化联合技术是近年来废水处理的新型高级氧化技术。该技术主要利用超声波和光催化降解联合产生的协同效应来提高有机污染物的降解效率。本文主要就目前国内外超声-光催化降解有机物的降解机理、影响因素(光催化剂的性能及投加量、超声频率、超声强度及声功率、pH、温度、离子强度、污染物的浓度、溶解气体和其它添加物)以及在废水处理方面的应用等方面进行了综述,并介绍了超声-光催化技术存在的主要问题,最后展望了该技术的发展前景。     

钴催化过一硫酸氢盐降解水中有机污染物:机理及应用研究

钴/过一硫酸氢盐(Co/PMS)是为了克服Fenton技术的诸多缺陷而基于类Fenton思路(过氧化物+过渡金属)建立起来的一种高级氧化技术。该体系具有Co用量少(μg/L数量级),产生的SO₄^-·氧化还原电位高,能够在广泛的pH范围(2-9)降解有机污染物,反应后不产生污泥等优点,在环境污染治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文从自由基链式反应、溶液pH、阴离子效应、光照条件、反应气氛及固液两相交换六个方面分析了Co/PMS体系降解水中有机污染物的机理,并在此基础上综述了Co/PMS (黑暗条件)、UV/Co/PMS、Vis/Co/PMS三类均相Co/PMS体系以及Co氧化物催化、Co负载催化两类非均相Co/PMS体系降解水中有机污染物的国内外研究进展,并就存在的问题提出了展望。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.