储氢材料的新载体——金属有机框架材料

氢的存储对于21世纪＂氢经济＂的发展至关重要。金属有机框架（MOFs,metal-organic frameworks）材料是一种新型多孔结晶材料,具有高孔性、比表面积大、合成方便、骨架大小可调、纯度高及结晶性好等优点。这类材料在气体存储尤其是氢的存储方面展示出广阔的应用前景,已成为研究储氢材料载体的热点。本文主要介绍MOFs材料的结构特点、合成方法、储氢性能及其影响因素,进一步对MOFs储氢材料的发展进行展望。     

金属-有机框架材料在液相催化化学制氢中的研究进展

金属-有机框架(MOFs)材料是由金属簇节点或金属离子与有机配体连接而成的典型的无机-有机杂合物, 作为一类新兴的无机多孔晶态材料, MOFs因具有高度有序的多孔性、 结构可裁剪性、 高比表面积及灵活多变的骨架类型等优点而在工业合成、 能源开发、 环境治理和生物制药等领域展现出广阔的应用前景. 本文从氢能源的开发利用出发, 总结了近年来MOFs基纳米复合材料在催化化学制氢方面的研究进展. 讨论了常见的含氢量高的化学储氢材料, 包括氨硼烷、 甲酸和水合肼等; 催化材料主要有单一MOFs、 MOF基贵金属和非贵金属复合材料及MOF基衍生材料等. 最后, 对MOF基复合材料在液相催化化学储氢中的应用前景进行了展望.     

氢在活性炭、石墨烯和金属有机骨架上的吸附平衡

为比较不同物理吸附材料的结构参数对其储氢性能的影响,制备和选取了具有超高比表面积的活性炭、石墨烯以及金属有机骨架（MOFs）作为低温吸附储氢的典型材料。首先,利用77 K下氮气在材料上的吸附数据确定了其BET比表面积以及孔径分布的主要结构参数。其次,利用3Flex全自动微孔吸附仪在77-87 K测试了0-0.1 MPa低压下氢在各材料上的吸附量,而后在0.1-8 MPa高压条件下利用PCTPro测试了氢在各材料上的过剩吸附量。最后,分析了各材料的储氢量与其结构参数间的关系。结果表明,在低压下,影响物理吸附材料储氢量的主要因素为孔径分布小于1 nm的微孔;而高压下,氢在多孔材料上的最大过剩吸附量与材料的BET比表面积呈正相关关系,斜率为0.0059 mmol/m²。     

金属有机骨架复合材料在样品预处理中的研究进展

金属有机骨架（MOFs）材料是近几年涌现出的一类新型多功能多孔材料,以金属离子或金属簇为配位中心,与含氧或氮的有机配体通过配位作用形成多孔骨架结构。相比于其他传统无机多孔材料,MOFs具有比表面积高、孔隙率大、热稳定性好和结构与功能多样化的特点,因而被广泛用于气体存储、催化、吸附和分离等领域。MOFs复合材料在样品预处理方面的应用引起了研究者们的极大兴趣和广泛关注。由于MOFs材料和不同功能材料如高分子聚合物、碳基材料以及磁性材料组装复合,使MOFs复合材料的性能优于原来的MOFs材料。综述了近年MOFs复合材料在样品预处理的研究应用,尤其是在固相微萃取、固相萃取以及磁性固相萃取等方面的应用。     

硼氢化锂储氢材料研究*

车载储氢是推进氢燃料车规模化商业应用的“瓶颈”环节,开发高性能车载储氢材料/技术成为当前能源及材料领域关注的热点。近年来,随着储氢材料领域的不断拓展,以硼氢化锂（LiBH₄）为典型代表的高储量配位金属氢化物日渐成为新兴的储氢材料研究热点。本文从体系成分/反应路径调整、纳米结构调制、阴/阳离子替代及催化体系构建等方面概述了改善LiBH4综合储/放氢性能的最新研究进展,旨在明确配位硼氢化物储氢材料研究中的关键问题及可能的解决途径。     

金属有机框架化合物对溶剂分子和有机小分子荧光识别与传感研究进展

属-有机框架（MOFs）化合物由于其特定的孔道/孔洞结构以及在气体吸附/存储与分离、化学传感、光学、磁学以及荧光检测等方面的良好性能及潜在应用而成为当前人们关心和研究的热点。本文聚焦MOFs在溶剂分子和有机小分子荧光识别及传感方面的研究工作,着重介绍该领域近期的研究进展,并对该领域今后的发展进行了展望。     

化学稳定金属有机框架的合成策略

金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks)是由金属离子或簇与有机配体通过配位键形成的具有孔洞结构的新一代晶态多孔材料，是近20年来配位化学领域的研究热点。作为新型多功能材料，MOFs具有高孔隙率、低密度、大比表面积、孔径可调、拓扑结构多样和可裁剪等优点，广泛应用于各种领域。尽管MOFs有许多优点，但是大多数MOFs材料的水和化学稳定性相对较差，在恶劣条件下结构无法保持，极大限制了它们的实际应用。因此，化学稳定的MOFs材料具有更大的应用前景。近年来，研究人员在提高MOFs化学稳定性方面进行了大量的探索，发展了一些非常好的方法合成化学稳定的MOFs材料。本文主要综述了近五年来化学稳定MOFs材料合成的最新研究进展。     

多孔材料的胶囊化储氢*

氢的存储是氢能利用的关键,利用多孔材料的胶囊化作用存储氢气具有独特优点。本文简要阐述了胶囊化形成的原因,重点介绍了胶囊化储氢所用的几种多孔材料及其特点,包括沸石分子筛、金属配位化合物、玻璃微球和球碳及其衍生物。总结了近年来国内外学者利用多孔材料胶囊化作用储氢的研究进展,并从操作条件、对材料的要求、需要克服的能垒等方面分析了胶囊化储氢与物理吸附储氢的差异,进而对今后胶囊化储氢的应用与发展做出了展望。     

白光型金属有机框架材料的最新研究进展

金属有机框架化合物（MOFs）是一类备受关注的多功能杂化材料,结构的多样性使其表现出各种发光性能。尤其是环境友好、使用寿命长、效率高的白光MOFs材料的出现为新型发光MOFs的设计和制备提供了契机。我们旨在总结白光MOFs的最新研究进展,着重对其合成方法及应用进行综述,主要包括镧系离子共掺杂、镧系元素封装或有机分子捕获等获得可调控的白光MOFs的方法及其在温度、分子和金属离子传感器等领域的潜在应用。同时,针对白光MOFs材料面临的挑战和未来发展也进行了梳理。以期引起设计和构建新型发光MOFs的研究人员的关注与兴趣。     

金属有机框架材料在表面增强拉曼光谱中的应用研究进展

金属有机框架材料（MOFs）是一种由金属离子和有机配体通过配位化学原理自组装形成的具有周期性网格晶态的多孔结构材料,其独特的结构和性质使其成为具有广阔应用前景的材料。由于MOFs可极大地提高金属表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）基底的目标富集和信号增强性能,因此,基于MOFs的SERS基底受到了广泛关注。同时,高效的SERS基底使SERS技术可实现高灵敏、高选择性、无损和快速检测。将MOFs应用于SERS技术,极大地促进了SERS技术的发展并拓宽了其应用范围。本文总结了SERS的发展、MOFs基底的类别及其在SERS中的应用,提出了亟待解决的关键问题和挑战,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.