Research of the Algebraic Multigrid Method for Electron Optical Simulator

At present, electron optical simulator (EOS) takes a long time to solve linear FEM systems. The algebraic multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient (AMGPCG) method can improve the efficiency of solving systems. This paper is focused on the implementation of the AMGPCG method in EOS. The aggregation-based scheme, which uses two passes of a pairwise matching algorithm and the K-cyle scheme, is adopted in the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method. Numerical experiments show the advantages and disadvantages of the AMG algorithm in peak memory and solving efficiency. The AMGPCG is more efficient than the iterative methods used in the past and only needs one coarsening when EOS computes the particle motion trajectory.     

用代数多重网格法求解一维分裂格式的Euler方程

提出了代数多重网格法(AMG)的一种新算法。新算法改进了插值公式和粗网格方程,并把它应用到求解一维的分裂格式Euler方程。数值结果表明,对于具有高CFL条件数的Euler方程,代数多重网格法可以求解;对于Gaus-Seidel方法求解不能收敛的代数方程组,代数多重网格法求解可以收敛。新算法改进了代数多重网格法的收敛性和扩展了它的应用范围,数值结果表明了它的有效性和强壮性。     

并行代数多重网格算法可扩展性能分析

对当今求解大型稀疏线性代数方程组最有效的迭代方法之--代数多重网格(AMG)算法的并行计算进行可扩展性能分析.给出一套并行计算可扩展性能分析方法,用于分析和指导并行迭代算法及实现技术的设计与优化并应用于并行AMG算法.分析表明,网格算子的平均模式大小和迭代过程的算法效率分别制约了AMG算法启动阶段和迭代求解阶段并行性能的发挥,成为该类算法急需解决的两个关键问题.     

Two-Level Finite Element Iterative Algorithm Based on Stabilized Method for the Stationary Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics

In this paper, based on the stabilization technique, the Oseen iterative method and the two-level finite element algorithm are combined to numerically solve the stationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. For the low regularity of the magnetic field, when dealing with the magnetic field sub-problem, the Lagrange multiplier technique is used. The stabilized method is applied to approximate the flow field sub-problem to circumvent the inf-sup condition restrictions. One- and two-level stabilized finite element algorithms are presented, and their stability and convergence analysis is given. The two-level method uses the Oseen iteration to solve the nonlinear MHD equations on a coarse grid of size H, and then employs the linearized correction on a fine grid with grid size h. The error analysis shows that when the grid sizes satisfy h=O(H2), the two-level stabilization method has the same convergence order as the one-level one. However, the former saves more computational cost than the latter one. Finally, through some numerical experiments, it has been verified that our proposed method is effective. The two-level stabilized method takes less than half the time of the one-level one when using the second class Nédélec element to approximate magnetic field, and even takes almost a third of the computing time of the one-level one when adopting the first class Nédélec element.     

不可压缩流的并行两水平稳定有限元算法

提出一种数值求解定常不可压缩Stokes方程的并行两水平Grad-div稳定有限元算法。首先在粗网格中求解Grad-div稳定化的全局解, 再在相互重叠的细网格子区域上并行纠正。通过对稳定化参数、粗细网格尺寸恰当的选取, 该方法可得到最优收敛率, 数值结果验证了算法的高效性。     

Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioning for Finite Element Solution of Inhomogeneous Elastic Inclusion Problems in Articular Cartilage

In studying biomechanical deformation in articular cartilage, the presence of cells (chondrocytes) necessitates the consideration of inhomogeneous elasticity problems in which cells are idealized as soft inclusions within a stiff extracellular matrix. An analytical solution of a soft inclusion problem is derived and used to evaluate iterative numerical solutions of the associated linear algebraic system based on discretization via the finite element method, and use of an iterative conjugate gradient method with algebraic multigrid preconditioning (AMG-PCG). Accuracy and efficiency of the AMG-PCG algorithm is compared to two other conjugate gradient algorithms with diagonal preconditioning (DS-PCG) or a modified incomplete LU decomposition (Euclid-PCG) based on comparison to the analytical solution. While all three algorithms are shown to be accurate, the AMG-PCG algorithm is demonstrated to provide significant savings in CPU time as the number of nodal unknowns is increased. In contrast to the other two algorithms, the AMG-PCG algorithm also exhibits little sensitivity of CPU time and number of iterations to variations in material properties that are known to significantly affect model variables. Results demonstrate the benefits of algebraic multigrid preconditioners for the iterative solution of assembled linear systems based on finite element modeling of soft elastic inclusion problems and may be particularly advantageous for large scale problems with many nodal unknowns.     

A Two-Level Method for Pressure Projection Stabilized P1 Nonconforming Approximation of the Semi-Linear Elliptic Equations

In this paper, we study a new stabilized method based on the local pressure projection to solve the semi-linear elliptic equation. The proposed scheme combines nonconforming finite element pairs NCP₁−P₁triangle element and two-level method, which has a number of attractive computational properties: parameter-free, avoiding higher-order derivatives or edge-based data structures, but have more favorable stability and less support sets. Stability analysis and error estimates have been done. Finally, numerical experiments to check estimates are presented.     

任意不可压多介质流的粒子有限元方法模拟

基于粒子有限元方法(particle finite element method,PFEM),利用细分混合单元的界面识别思想,模拟种类任意多的不可压多介质流问题.对分步算法采用基于有限增量微积分理论的稳定措施,以适应流体特性差异;将混合单元细分为代表单一流体的小单元,进而得到流体间的边界;通过加密边界、控制粒子速度、自动检查穿透来防止粒子穿透外部边界.瑞利-泰勒不稳定性和水柱在空气中倒塌的模拟与已有结果的对比验证了PFEM及界面识别方法的可靠性和准确性.七种流体混合的模拟结果表明PFEM可有效处理任意多种类不相溶流体的混合流动问题.     

Uniform Convergence Analysis of a Higher Order Hybrid Stress Quadrilateral Finite Element Method for Linear Elasticity Problems

This paper derives a higher order hybrid stress finite element method on quadrilateral meshes for linear plane elasticity problems. The method employs continuous piecewise bi-quadratic functions in local coordinates to approximate the displacement vector and a piecewise-independent 15-parameter mode to approximate the stress tensor. Error estimation shows that the method is free from Poisson-locking and has second-order accuracy in the energy norm. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.     

A Two-Level Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient Method in Distorted and Structured Grids

In this paper, we propose a new two-level preconditioned C-G method which uses the quadratic smoothing and the linear correction in distorted but topologically structured grid. The CPU time of this method is less than that of the multigrid preconditioned C-G method (MGCG) using the quadratic element, but their accuracy is almost the same. Numerical experiments and eigenvalue analysis are given and the results show that the proposed two-level preconditioned method is efficient.     

求解对流-扩散-反应问题的改进有限积分法

将求解偏微分方程的有限积分法应用于对流-扩散-反应问题,发现对于非对流占优的对流扩散问题,有限积分法的精度比QUICK法高一个数量级,比传统的有限体积法高两个数量级.处理对流占优的对流-扩散-反应问题时,对流项的离散时引进加权参数,通过调节该参数反映输运的方向性.结果表明这种改进的有限积分法的精度比传统的有限体积法至少高四个数量级,同时明显改进了原来的有限积分法的精度和稳定性.对于对流占优的对流-扩散-反应问题,即使采用粗网格,计算结果也未出现非物理振荡现象,表明改进的有限积分法具有很好的稳定性.     

Two-Scale Picard Stabilized Finite Volume Method for the Incompressible Flow

In this paper, we consider a two-scale stabilized finite volume method for the two-dimensional stationary incompressible flow approximated by the lowest equal-order element pair $P_1-P_1$ which does not satisfy the inf-sup condition. The two-scale method consists of solving a small non-linear system on the coarse mesh and then solving a linear Stokes equations on the fine mesh. Convergence of the optimal order in the $H^1$-norm for velocity and the $L^2$-norm for pressure is obtained. The error analysis shows there is the same convergence rate between the two-scale stabilized finite volume solution and the usual stabilized finite volume solution on a fine mesh with relation $h =\mathcal{O}(H^2)$. Numerical experiments completely confirm theoretic results. Therefore, this method presented in this paper is of practical importance in scientific computation.     

A Stabilized Finite Element Method for Non-Stationary Conduction-Convection Problems

This paper is concerned with a stabilized finite element method based on two local Gauss integrations for the two-dimensional non-stationary conduction-convection equations by using the lowest equal-order pairs of finite elements. This method only offsets the discrete pressure space by the residual of the simple and symmetry term at element level in order to circumvent the inf-sup condition. The stability of the discrete scheme is derived under some regularity assumptions. Optimal error estimates are obtained by applying the standard Galerkin techniques. Finally, the numerical illustrations agree completely with the theoretical expectations.     

一种二阶混合有限体元格式的GAMG预条件子

针对一种含跳系数椭圆问题的二阶混合有限体元格式,讨论求解相应离散系统PGMRES法的预条件子构造问题.通过严格的理论分析,建立分层基下该二阶混合有限体元刚度矩阵和二次有限元刚度矩阵的谱等价关系,并利用关于二次有限元刚度矩阵的一种基于分层思想的GAMG预条件子,为二阶混合有限体元刚度矩阵设计一种高效GAMG预条件子.数值结果验证理论分析的正确性和新预条件子的高效性与稳定性.     

二维半线性扩散反应方程的高精度全隐格式及其多重网格方法

针对二维非定常半线性扩散反应方程，空间导数项采用四阶紧致差分公式离散，时间导数项采用四阶向后Euler公式进行离散，提出一种无条件稳定的高精度五层全隐格式.格式截断误差为O（τ⁴+τ²h²+h⁴），即时间和空间均具有四阶精度.对于第一、二、三时间层采用Crank-Nicolson方法进行离散，并采用Richardson外推公式将启动层时间精度外推到四阶.建立适用于该格式的多重网格方法，加快在每个时间层上迭代求解代数方程组的收敛速度，提高计算效率.最后通过数值实验验证格式的精确性和稳定性以及多重网格方法的高效性.     

Numerical Simulation of a Multi-Frequency Resistivity Logging-While-Drilling Tool Using a Highly Accurate and Adaptive Higher-Order Finite Element Method

A novel, highly efficient and accurate adaptive higher-order finite element method ($hp$-FEM) is used to simulate a multi-frequency resistivity logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool response in a borehole environment. Presented in this study are the vector expression of Maxwell's equations, three kinds of boundary conditions, stability weak formulation of Maxwell's equations, and automatic $hp$-adaptivity strategy. The new $hp$-FEM can select optimal refinement and calculation strategies based on the practical formation model and error estimation. Numerical experiments show that the new $hp$-FEM has an exponential convergence rate in terms of relative error in a user-prescribed quantity of interest against the degrees of freedom, which provides more accurate results than those obtained using the adaptive $h$-FEM. The numerical results illustrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the method at a given LWD tool structure and parameters in different physical models, which further confirm the accuracy of the results using the Hermes library (http://hpfem.org/hermes) with a multi-frequency resistivity LWD tool response in a borehole environment.     

A Method of Lines Based on Immersed Finite Elements for Parabolic Moving Interface Problems

This article extends the finite element method of lines to a parabolic initial boundary value problem whose diffusion coefficient is discontinuous across an interface that changes with respect to time. The method presented here uses immersed finite element (IFE) functions for the discretization in spatial variables that can be carried out over a fixed mesh (such as a Cartesian mesh if desired), and this feature makes it possible to reduce the parabolic equation to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) through the usual semi-discretization procedure. Therefore, with a suitable choice of the ODE solver, this method can reliably and efficiently solve a parabolic moving interface problem over a fixed structured (Cartesian) mesh. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate features of this new method.     

An Inf-Sup Stabilized Finite Element Method by Multiscale Functions for the Stokes Equations

In the paper, an inf-sup stabilized finite element method by multiscale functions for the Stokes equations is discussed. The key idea is to use a Petrov-Galerkin approach based on the enrichment of the standard polynomial space for the velocity component with multiscale functions. The inf-sup condition for $P_1$-$P_0$ triangular element (or $Q_1$-$P_0$ quadrilateral element) is established. And the optimal error estimates of the stabilized finite element method for the Stokes equations are obtained.     

An Iterative Two-Grid Method of a Finite Element PML Approximation for the Two Dimensional Maxwell Problem

In this paper, we propose an iterative two-grid method for the edge finite element discretizations (a saddle-point system) of Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) equations to the Maxwell scattering problem in two dimensions. Firstly, we use a fine space to solve a discrete saddle-point system of $H(grad)$ variational problems, denoted by auxiliary system 1. Secondly, we use a coarse space to solve the original saddle-point system. Then, we use a fine space again to solve a discrete$\boldsymbol{H}(curl)$-elliptic variational problems, denoted by auxiliary system 2. Furthermore, we develop a regularization diagonal block preconditioner for auxiliary system 1 and use $H$-$X$ preconditioner for auxiliary system 2. Hence we essentially transform the original problem in a fine space to a corresponding (but much smaller) problem on a coarse space, due to the fact that the above two preconditioners are efficient and stable. Compared with some existing iterative methods for solving saddle-point systems, such as PMinres, numerical experiments show the competitive performance of our iterative two-grid method.     

二维多介质可压缩流的RKDG有限元方法

应用RKDG(Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin)有限元方法、Level Set方法和Ghost Fluid方法数值模拟二维多介质可压缩流,其中Euler方程组、Level Set方程和重新初始化方程的空间离散采用DG(Discontinuous Galerkin)有限元方法,时间离散采用Runge-Kutta方法.对二维的气-气和气-液两相流进行了数值计算,得到了分辨率较高的计算结果.