芳环硝化反应中碳—碳键的断裂

报道了一例特殊的苯环硝化反应：在硝酸铝作为硝化试剂的条件下,硝化反应是发生在取代烷基与硝基之间而不是苯环上质子与硝基之间。     

钝化芳环的溴化反应研究

研究了钝化芳环的溴化方法，对三氟甲基苯等一系列含有不同钝化基团的芳环 化合物用KBrO3-H2SO4直接溴化，取得了良好的结果。对影响该反应的因素，如硫 酸的浓度和用量、反应温度和不同钝化基团的影响等进行了分析。     

介绍混配配合物分子内的芳环堆积作用

混配配合物是配位化学中迅速发展着的一个领域。迄今,它在分析化学、湿法冶金、医药合成、生物体和环境科学等方面显示出日益重要的作用。七十年代中期,随着生物配合物化学的崛起,人们发现一个十分重要的现象,即在那些含有芳环配体的三元混配配合物分子中,相当普遍地存在着配体间的芳环堆积作用,它有两个显著的特点:一是参与堆积作用的是属     

硝基芳环和硝基杂芳环中氢的替代亲核取代

氢的替代亲核取代反应(VNS)是与硝基芳环的亲电反应、亲核反应不同的一种新反应. 将VNS与硝基芳环的亲电反应、亲核反应做比较, 阐述了VNS的定义; 通过对竞比实验、速控步骤和动力学同位素效应的分析, 解释了VNS的反应机理; 分别从硝基芳环的结构、亲核试剂的类型和反应条件三方面讨论了影响VNS定位效应的因素; 介绍了VNS反应的应用, 尤其是VNS胺化反应在军事化学中的实际应用.     

铝箔钝化机理以及钝化膜性质的研究

对铝箔在浓硝酸或浓硫酸中的钝化机理以及钝化膜性质进行了深入的研究,研究结果表明铝箔的钝化是一复杂的电化学过程,同时也给出了钝化膜形成的机理以及钝化膜的化学性质。     

环芳酰胺的合成及自组装行为

本文主要综述了近年来由三中心氢键和远程位阻效应促进的环芳酰胺合成,以及利用该类化合物进行自组装行为的研究进展. 在研究一步高效成环的基础上,对合成不同孔径刚性大环的方法进行了探讨. 改变大环周边侧链的性质可以调控这类大环分子的自组装行为. 最后对环芳酰胺的应用进行了简单介绍     

植物环蛋白研究进展*

植物环蛋白(cyclotides)是一类植物中富含二硫键、由28-37个氨基酸残基组成的大环蛋白,其分子中含有一个结构独特的环胱氨酸结(cyclic cystine knot, CCK)。由于其独特的结构和广泛的生物活性,如子宫收缩、溶血、抗肿瘤、抗微生物等活性,及其能耐常规的高温、酸解和酶解的稳定结构,可作为多肽药物设计中的模板分子进行结构修饰或活性多肽的载体,而在国际上引起广泛的关注。目前从堇菜科、茜草科和葫芦科约30种植物中发现100多个植物环蛋白,研究主要集中在澳大利亚、瑞典和美国等几个研究组,近年我们也在开展相关研究。本文主要从植物环蛋白的提取、分离、检测与结构鉴定方法,结构与性质,序列的同源性及分类,化学合成与生物合成,生物活性以及应用前景等几个方面介绍植物环蛋白的研究进展。     

新型多芳环取代杂萘联苯型聚芳醚酮的合成

随着高新技术的发展，对高性能特种工程塑料的需求日益剧增，对材料的综合性能特别是耐热性提出了更高的要求。聚芳醚酮是一类综合性能优异的高性能工程塑料，研究开发耐热等级更高的新型聚醚酮已成为高分子材料与工程领域的研究热点之一［１，２］。二氮杂萘联苯酮酚是本...     

Nitration of Some Aromatic Compounds by Sodium Nitrate in the Presence of Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxodisulfate

A simple, mild, and regioselective method for the nitration of some aromatic compounds using sodium nitrate in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxodisulfate in acetonitrile as solvent is reported. Mild reaction conditions and good to excellent yields of the products are the noteworthy advantages of the method.     

Mild and Efficient Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Mediated by Transition-Metal Complexes

Aromatic compounds were efficiently nitrated under facile reaction conditions by employing 69% nitric acid catalyzed by transition-metal complexes such as [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂, [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄, Mn(acac)₃, [Ni(NH₃)₆]Cl₂, [Ni(en)₃]S₂O₃, and Hg[Co(SCN)₄]. The reaction was completed smoothly at room temperature and afforded corresponding mono-nitro derivatives in quantitative yield. This new method offers efficient and facile regioselective mononitration of aromatic compounds.

Nitration of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halobenzenes Using NOx Catalyzed by Solid Acid Catalysts

The nitration of aromatics using zeolite as a solid inorganic catalyst and nitric oxides as nitrating agents is a relatively clean process for aromatic nitration.     

Efficient and Facile Method for the Nitration of Aromatic Compounds by Nitric Acid in Micellar Media

Aromatic compounds were efficiently nitrated under mild reaction conditions by employing HNO₃ in the presence of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB), and nonionic (Triton-X 100) micelles. The reaction rapidly afforded corresponding mononitro derivatives in fair to good yields with high regioselectivity. This new method offers an environmentally safe reaction condition to minimize the waste products.     

Fast and Efficient Nitration of Salicylic Acid and Some Other Aromatic Compounds over H_3PO_4/TiO_2-ZrO_2 Using Nitric Acid

TiO₂‐ZrO₂ (1/1)‐surf with Ti and Zr molar ratio of 1/1 was prepared with surfactant through a sol‐gel method. The optimum experimental condition was investigated for nitration of salicylic acid. Then, a number of nitration reactions were carried out with a variety of aromatic compounds in the optimum condition. The 25 wt% H₃PO₄/TiO₂‐ZrO₂ (1/1)‐surf catalyst showed good selectivity and yield in a short time for the nitration of salicylic acid and some other aromatic compounds.     

Nitration of alcohols by nitryl fluoride

A general method for the preparation of nitrates by treatment of alcohols with nitryl fluoride (FNO₂) in MeCN in the presence of KF has been developed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1059–1060, May, 1997.     

Copper‐Catalyzed Mild Nitration of Protected Anilines

A practical copper‐catalyzed direct nitration of protected anilines, by using one equivalent of nitric acid as the nitrating agent, has been developed. This procedure features mild reaction conditions, wide structural scope (with regard to both N‐protecting group and arene substitution), and high functional‐group tolerance. Dinitration with two equivalents of nitric acid is also feasible.     

Nitration of alkanes with nitric acid by vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates

The nitration of alkanes by using nitric acid as a nitrating agent in acetic acid was efficiently promoted by vanadium-substituted Keggin-type phosphomolybdates such as [H4PVMo11O40], [H5PV2Mo10O40], and [H6PV3Mo9O40] as catalyst precursors. A variety of alkanes including alkylbenzenes were nitrated to the corresponding nitroalkanes as major products in moderate yields with formation of oxygenated products under mild reaction conditions. The carbon--carbon bond cleavage reactions hardly proceeded. ESR, NMR, and IR spectroscopic data show that the vanadium-substituted polyoxometalate, for example, [H4PVMo11O40], decomposes to form free vanadium species and [PMo12O40](3-) Keggin anion. The reaction mechanism involving a radical-chain path is proposed. The polyoxometalates initially abstract the hydrogen of the alkane to form the alkyl radical and the reduced polyoxometalates. The reduced polyoxometalates subsequently react with nitric acid to produce the oxidized form and nitrogen dioxide. This step would be promoted mainly by the phosphomolybdates, [PMo12O40](n-), and the vanadium cations efficiently enhance the activity. The nitrogen dioxide promotes the further formation of nitrogen dioxide and an alkyl radical. The alkyl radical is trapped by nitrogen dioxide to form the corresponding nitroalkane.     

过渡金属催化芳香化合物三氟甲基化反应

近年来,过渡金属催化芳香化合物三氟甲基化反应迅速发展,底物适用范围不断扩展,新方法、新型三氟甲基化试剂的应用也不断涌现。本文综述了近年来过渡金属催化芳香化合物三氟甲基化的最新研究进展,包括卤代芳香化合物的三氟甲基化,芳香硼酸的三氟甲基化和芳烃C—H活化三氟甲基化反应。此外,对过渡金属催化三氟甲基化反应中涉及的机理也进行了详细地讨论。