Maximum Modulus Estimates for the Linear Steady Stokes System

A maximum modulus estimate for the Stokes system in bounded domains of ℝⁿ (n ≥ 2) is established via methods of hydrodynamical potential theory. The method is based on the unique solvability of the boundary integral equations' system resulting from the double layer potential ansatz together with a projection onto the normal field on the boundary. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Semiclassical Pseudodifferential Calculus and the Reconstruction of a Magnetic Field

We give a procedure for reconstructing a magnetic field and electric potential from boundary measurements given by the Dirichlet to Neumann map for the magnetic Schrödinger operator in R ⁿ , n ≥ 3. The magnetic potential is assumed to be continuous with L ^∞ divergence and zero boundary values. The method is based on semiclassical pseudodifferential calculus and the construction of complex geometrical optics solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces.     

Generalized Stokes resolvent equations in an infinite layer with mixed boundary conditions

In this paper we prove unique solvability of the generalized Stokes resolvent equations in an infinite layer Ω₀ = ℝ^{n –1} × (–1, 1), n ≥ 2, in L^q ‐Sobolev spaces, 1 < q < ∞, with slip boundary condition of on the “upper boundary” ∂Ω⁺₀ = ℝ^{n –1} × {1} and non‐slip boundary condition on the “lower boundary” ∂Ω^–₀ = ℝ^{n –1} × {–1}. The solution operator to the Stokes system will be expressed with the aid of the solution operators of the Laplace resolvent equation and a Mikhlin multiplier operator acting on the boundary. The present result is the first step to establish an L^q ‐theory for the free boundary value problem studied by Beale [9] and Sylvester [22] in L ²‐spaces. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the stationary quasi-Newtonian flow obeying a power-law

We investigate in this paper existence of a weak solution for a stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes system with non-linear viscosity and with non-homogeneous boundary conditions for velocity on the boundary. Our concern is with the viscosity obeying the power-law dependence ν(ξ) = ∣Tr(ξξ*)∣^r/2?1, r < 2, on shear stress ξ. It is corresponding to most quasi-Newtonian flows with injection on the boundary. Since for r ? 2 the inertial term precludes any a priori estimate in general, we suppose the Reynolds number is not too large. Using the specific algebraic structure of the Navier-Stokes system we prove existence of at least one approximate solution. The constructed approximate solution turns out to be uniformly bounded in W^1,r (Omega;)ⁿ and using monotonicity and compactness we successfully pass to the limit for r ≥ 3n/(n + 2). For 3n/(n + 2) > r > 2n/(n + 2) our construction gives existence of at least one very weak solution. Furthermore, for r ≥ 3n/(n + 2) we prove that all weak solutions lying in the ball in W of radius smaller than critical are equal. Finally, we obtain an existence result for the flow through a thin slab.     

Single‐cell compact finite‐difference discretization of order two and four for multidimensional triharmonic problems

In this article, we discuss finite‐difference methods of order two and four for the solution of two‐and three‐dimensional triharmonic equations, where the values of u,(?²u/?n²) and (?⁴u/?n⁴) are prescribed on the boundary. For 2D case, we use 9‐ and for 3D case, we use 19‐ uniform grid points and a single computational cell. We introduce new ideas to handle the boundary conditions and do not require to discretize the boundary conditions at the boundary. The Laplacian and the biharmonic of the solution are obtained as byproduct of the methods. The resulting matrix system is solved by using the appropriate block iterative methods. Computational results are provided to demonstrate the fourth‐order accuracy of the proposed methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010     

Identifiability at the boundary for first-order terms

Let Ω be a domain in R ⁿ whose boundary is C ¹ if n≥3 or C ^1,β if n=2. We consider a magnetic Schrödinger operator L _{W , q} in Ω and show how to recover the boundary values of the tangential component of the vector potential W from the Dirichlet to Neumann map for L _{W , q} . We also consider a steady state heat equation with convection term Δ+2W·? and recover the boundary values of the convection term W from the Dirichlet to Neumann map. Our method is constructive and gives a stability result at the boundary.     

A criterion for the unique determination of domains in Euclidean spaces by the metrics of their boundaries induced by the intrinsic metrics of the domains

We say that a domain U ⊂ ℝ ⁿ is uniquely determined by the relative metric (which is the extension by continuity of the intrinsic metric of the domain on its boundary) of its Hausdorff boundary if any domain V ⊂ ℝ ⁿ such that its Hausdorff boundary is isometric in the relative metric to the Hausdorff boundary of U, is isometric to U in the Euclidean metric. In this paper, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of determination of a domain by the relative metric of its Hausdorff boundary.     

Certain classes of potentials for p ‐Laplacian to be non‐degenerate

Given a positive integer n and an exponent 1 ≤ α ≤ ∞. We will find explicitly the optimal bound r_n such that if the L^α norm of a potential q (t ) satisfies ‖q ‖equation/tex2gif-inf-2.gif < r_n then the n ^th Dirichlet eigenvalue of the onedimensional p ‐Laplacian with the potential q (t ): (|u ′|^{p –2} u ′)′ + (λ + q (t )) |u |^{p –2}u = 0 (1 < p < ∞) will be positive. Using these bounds, we will construct, for the Dirichlet, the Neumann, the periodic or the antiperiodic boundary conditions, certain classes of potentials q (t ) so that the p ‐Laplacian with the potential q (t ) is non‐degenerate, which means that the above equation with λ = 0 has only the trivial solution verifying the corresponding boundary condition. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On Boundary Regularity of the Navier–Stokes Equations

Abstract

We study boundary regularity of weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations in the half-space in dimension n ≥ 3. We prove that a weak solution u which is locally in the class L ^{p, q} with 2/p + n/q = 1, q > n near boundary is Hölder continuous up to the boundary. Our main tool is a pointwise estimate for the fundamental solution of the Stokes system, which is of independent interest.     

Neighborhoods of Leviq-convex domains

We consider bounded and q-complete domains in C ⁿ with C ² boundary. We show that they enjoy special q-convexity properties, i.e., they admit q-convex bounded exhaustion function and their closure do have a fundamental system of (q + 1)-complete neighborhoods. Moreover, we produce an example of a q- complete domain (which we called the q-worm) with smooth boundary whose closure does not possess a fundamental system of q-complete neighborhoods. Finally, extensions of these results to p-complete manifolds are given.     

Mixing Times of Critical Two‐Dimensional Potts Models

We study dynamical aspects of the q‐state Potts model on an n × n box at its critical β_c(q). Heat‐bath Glauber dynamics and cluster dynamics such as Swendsen–Wang (that circumvent low‐temperature bottlenecks) are all expected to undergo “critical slowdowns” in the presence of periodic boundary conditions: the inverse spectral gap, which in the subcritical regime is O(1), should at criticality be polynomial in n for 1 < q ≤ 4, and exponential in n for q > 4 in accordance with the predicted discontinuous phase transition. This was confirmed for q = 2 (the Ising model) by the second author and Sly, and for sufficiently large q by Borgs et al. Here we show that the following holds for the critical Potts model on the torus: for q=3, the inverse gap of Glauber dynamics is n^O(1); for q = 4, it is at most n^{O(log n)}; and for every q > 4 in the phase‐coexistence regime, the inverse gaps of both Glauber dynamics and Swendsen‐Wang dynamics are exponential in n. For free or monochromatic boundary conditions and large q, we show that the dynamics at criticality is faster than on the torus (unlike the Ising model where free/periodic boundary conditions induce similar dynamical behavior at all temperatures): the inverse gap of Swendsen‐Wang dynamics is exp(n^o(1)). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A Volumetric Penrose Inequality for Conformally Flat Manifolds

We consider asymptotically flat Riemannian manifolds with non-negative scalar curvature that are conformal to \mathbbRⁿ\ W, n 3 3{\mathbb{R}^{n}{\setminus} \Omega, n\ge 3}, and so that their boundary is a minimal hypersurface. (Here, W ì \mathbbRⁿ{\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}} is open bounded with smooth mean-convex boundary.) We prove that the ADM mass of any such manifold is bounded below by \frac12(V/b_n)^(n-2)/n{\frac{1}{2}\left(V/\beta_{n}\right)^{(n-2)/n}}, where V is the Euclidean volume of Ω and β _n is the volume of the Euclidean unit n-ball. This gives a partial proof to a conjecture of Bray and Iga (Commun. Anal. Geom. 10:999–1016, 2002). Surprisingly, we do not require the boundary to be outermost.     

Optimally Cutting a Surface into a Disk

We consider the problem of cutting a subset of the edges of a polyhedral manifold surface, possibly with boundary, to obtain a single topological disk, minimizing either the total number of cut edges or their total length. We show that this problem is NP-hard in general, even for manifolds without boundary and for punctured spheres. We also describe an algorithm with running time n ^O(g+k), where n is the combinatorial complexity, g is the genus, and k is the number of boundary components of the input surface. Finally, we describe a greedy algorithm that outputs a O(log² g)-approximation of the minimum cut graph in O(g ² n log n) time.     

Weighted Positivity of Second Order Elliptic Systems

Integral inequalities that concern the weighted positivity of a differential operator have important applications in qualitative theory of elliptic boundary value problems. Despite the power of these inequalities, however, it is far from clear which operators have this property. In this paper, we study weighted integral inequalities for general second order elliptic systems in ℝ ⁿ (n ≥ 3) and prove that, with a weight, smooth and positive homogeneous of order 2–n, the system is weighted positive only if the weight is the fundamental matrix of the system, possibly multiplied by a semi-positive definite constant matrix.      

Translating Solutions of the Nonparametric Mean Curvature Flow with Nonzero Neumann Boundary Data in Product Manifold Mn × R*

In this paper, the authors can prove the existence of translating solutions to the nonparametric mean curvature flow with nonzero Neumann boundary data in a prescribed product manifold Mⁿ × R, where Mⁿ is an n-dimensional (n ≥ 2) complete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and R is the Euclidean 1-space.     

A highly accurate numerical solution of a biharmonic equation

The coefficients for a nine–point high–order accuracy discretization scheme for a biharmonic equation ∇ ⁴u = f(x, y) (∇² is the two–dimensional Laplacian operator) are derived. The biharmonic problem is defined on a rectangular domain with two types of boundary conditions: (1) u and ∂²u/∂n² or (2) u and ∂u/part;n (where ∂/part;n is the normal to the boundary derivative) are specified at the boundary. For both considered cases, the truncation error for the suggested scheme is of the sixth-order O(h⁶) on a square mesh (h_x = h_y = h) and of the fourth-order O(h⁴_xh²_xh²_y h⁴_y) on an unequally spaced mesh. The biharmonic equation describes the deflection of loaded plates. The advantage of the suggested scheme is demonstrated for solving problems of the deflection of rectangular plates for cases of different boundary conditions: (1) a simply supported plate and (2) a plate with built-in edges. In order to demonstrate the high–order accuracy of the method, the numerical results are compared with exact solutions. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 13: 375–391, 1997     

Boundary Value Problems with Compatible Boundary Conditions

If Y is a subset of the space ℝⁿ × ℝⁿ, we call a pair of continuous functions U, V Y-compatible, if they map the space ℝⁿ into itself and satisfy Ux · Vy ≥ 0, for all (x, y) ∈ Y with x · y ≥ 0. (Dot denotes inner product.) In this paper a nonlinear two point boundary value problem for a second order ordinary differential n-dimensional system is investigated, provided the boundary conditions are given via a pair of compatible mappings. By using a truncation of the initial equation and restrictions of its domain, Brouwer's fixed point theorem is applied to the composition of the consequent mapping with some projections and a one-parameter family of fixed points P _δ is obtained. Then passing to the limits as δ tends to zero the so-obtained accumulation points are solutions of the problem.     

Local Change of Coordinates for Grid-Functions on Regions with Curved Boundary

Local change of coordinates, providing an appropriate transformation of functions on a domain Ω ∩ R ⁿ into functions on R ⁿ and R ⁺_n, is a well-known and frequently used technical tool in the theory of Sobolev-spaces W^m,p (Ω) and partial differential equations. In this paper we propose a corresponding transformation mapping grid-functions on regular grids Ω_h into functions on R ⁿ_h and R ⁿ_h,+ which as in the continuous case can be used to remedy various difficulties arising the curved boundary of Ω.     

Dirichlet duality and the nonlinear Dirichlet problem

We study the Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear, degenerate elliptic equations of the form F (Hess u) = 0 on a smoothly bounded domain Ω ? ?ⁿ. In our approach the equation is replaced by a subset F ? Sym²(?ⁿ) of the symmetric n × n matrices with ?F ? { F = 0}. We establish the existence and uniqueness of continuous solutions under an explicit geometric “F‐convexity” assumption on the boundary ?Ω. We also study the topological structure of F‐convex domains and prove a theorem of Andreotti‐Frankel type. Two key ingredients in the analysis are the use of “subaffine functions” and “Dirichlet duality.” Associated to F is a Dirichlet dual set F? that gives a dual Dirichlet problem. This pairing is a true duality in that the dual of F? is F, and in the analysis the roles of F and F? are interchangeable. The duality also clarifies many features of the problem including the appropriate conditions on the boundary. Many interesting examples are covered by these results including: all branches of the homogeneous Monge‐Ampère equation over ?, ?, and ?; equations appearing naturally in calibrated geometry, Lagrangian geometry, and p‐convex Riemannian geometry; and all branches of the special Lagrangian potential equation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An exact estimate of the boundary behavior of functions from hardy-sobolev classes in the critical case

In the critical case αp=n functions from the Hardy-Sobolev spacesH _α ^p (B ⁿ ) have a limit almost everywhere on the boundary along certain regions of exponential contact with the boundary. It is proved in the paper that the maximal operator associated with these regions is bounded as an operator fromH _α ^p (B ⁿ ) toL ^p (ϖB ⁿ ). Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 527–539, October, 1997. Translated by N. K. Kulman