An undecidable property of definite integrals

We show that it is undecidable whether the definite contour multiple integral of an elementary meromorphic function is zero over an everywhere real analytic manifold on which it is analytic.

     

Cartan invariants and defect zero elements

In this note we prove relations between Cartan invariants in characteristc p and p defect zero elements. Exploiting duality arguments in characteristic two we show that the existence of real 2-defect zero elements is equivalent to the existence of odd diagonal entries in the Cartan matrix corresponding to real-valued Brauer characters. In addition, we present an independent and elementary proof of Theorem 3.3 part (iii) in [2]. Received: 9 January 2006     

On double zeros ofx−tanh (a x+b)

The theory of complex variables is used to develop an exact closed-form expression, in terms of elementary quadratures, for that value ofa, for a given value ofb, for which the functionF(x)=x?tanh(ax+b) has a real double zero.     

A DIFFERENTIABLE CANTOR-LIKE FUNCTION

the Cantor function is one of the most important and useful exaraples in real function theory. Recently there are a lot of research on differentiable Cantor-like functions, but the methods involved are not elementary. In this note a differentiable Cantor-like function was given by an elementary method.     

Computing the region of convergence for power series in many real variables: A ratio-like test

We give an elementary proof that the region of convergence for a power series in many real variables is a star-convex domain but not, in general, a convex domain. In doing so, we deduce a natural higher-dimensional analog of the so-called ratio test from univariate power series. From the constructive proof of this result, we arrive at a method to approximate the region of convergence up to a desired accuracy. While most results in the literature are for rather specialized classes of multivariate power series, the method devised here is general. As far as applications are concerned, note that while theorems such as the Cauchy-Kowalevski theorem (and its generalizations to many variables) grant the existence of a region of convergence for a multivariate Taylor series to certain PDEs under appropriate restrictions, they do not give the actual region of convergence. The determination of the maximal region of convergence for such a series solution to a PDE is one application of our result.     

(Robust) Edge-based semidefinite programming relaxation of sensor network localization

Recently Wang, Zheng, Boyd, and Ye (SIAM J Optim 19:655–673, 2008) proposed a further relaxation of the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the sensor network localization problem, named edge-based SDP (ESDP). In simulation, the ESDP is solved much faster by interior-point method than SDP relaxation, and the solutions found are comparable or better in approximation accuracy. We study some key properties of the ESDP relaxation, showing that, when distances are exact, zero individual trace is not only sufficient, but also necessary for a sensor to be correctly positioned by an interior solution. We also show via an example that, when distances are inexact, zero individual trace is insufficient for a sensor to be accurately positioned by an interior solution. We then propose a noise-aware robust version of ESDP relaxation for which small individual trace is necessary and sufficient for a sensor to be accurately positioned by a certain analytic center solution, assuming the noise level is sufficiently small. For this analytic center solution, the position error for each sensor is shown to be in the order of the square root of its trace. Lastly, we propose a log-barrier penalty coordinate gradient descent method to find such an analytic center solution. In simulation, this method is much faster than interior-point method for solving ESDP, and the solutions found are comparable in approximation accuracy. Moreover, the method can distribute its computation over the sensors via local communication, making it practical for positioning and tracking in real time.     

Existence of dichotomies and invariant splittings for linear differential systems,III

This paper is primarily concerned with linear time-varying ordinary differential equations. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a “trichotomy,” i.e., a continuous decomposition of Rⁿ into stable, unstable and neutral subspaces. For constant coefficients it reduces to the usual (Jordan) decomposition of Rⁿ into subspaces corresponding to eigenvalues with negative, positive, and zero real parts, respectively, but only in the case in which the eigenvalues with zero real parts occur with simple elementary divisors. The conditions are related to those used by Favard in his study of almost periodic equations. The problem is treated in the unified setting of a skew-product dynamical system and the results apply to discrete systems including those generated by diffeomorphisms of manifolds. In the continuous case, sufficient conditions are given for a flow on a compact manifold to be an Anosov flow.     

一种几何定理机器证明的零维化方法

本文对一类初等几何定理的证明给出了一种机械化方法，利用这种方法，可计算出一个由有限个素理想组成的集合，所有属于假设部分对应的某一扩域上的理想的素理想都在这个集合中出现并且可以挑选出来．因而一个几何定理一般真确，当且仅当终结多项式属于全部的这种素理想，即对其不可约特征列的余式为零．     

Reidemeister torsion and group invariants of three-dimensional manifolds

Two formulas are presented in this note. The first is purely algebraic and expresses the first elementary ideal of a finitely generated group in terms of the module of elementary derivatives. The second formula expresses the module of elementary derivatives of the fundamental group of a connected compact three-dimensionalpl -manifold with zero Euler characteristic in terms of the Reidemeister torsion of this manifold.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 66, pp. 204–205, 1976.     

Higher-Order Solitons in the N-Wave System

The soliton dressing matrices for the higher-order zeros of the Riemann–Hilbert problem for the N -wave system are considered. For the elementary higher-order zero, that is, whose algebraic multiplicity is arbitrary but the geometric multiplicity is 1, the general soliton dressing matrix is derived. The theory is applied to the study of higher-order soliton solutions in the three-wave interaction model. The simplest higher-order soliton solution is presented. In the generic case, this solution describes the breakup of a higher-order pumping wave into two higher-order elementary waves, and the reverse process. In non-generic cases, this solution could describe (i) the merger of a pumping sech wave and an elementary sech wave into two elementary waves (one sech and the other one higher order); (ii) the breakup of a higher-order pumping wave into two elementary sech waves and one pumping sech wave; and the reverse processes. This solution could also reproduce fundamental soliton solutions as a special case.     

Estimating a Project's Completion Time Distribution Using Intelligent Simulation Methods

Other researchers have indicated the theoretical problems of using the PERT techniques commonly described in elementary operational research and operations management texts. Monte Carlo simulation has often been suggested as an alternative means of analyzing PERT networks but simulating a network of real world proportions is often assumed to be prohibitively expensive. This paper measures the accuracy and cost of standard PERT and simulation methods for real world sized problems. In addition, several computational heuristics are described and tested that indicate that simulation is a viable alternative. The results indicate that intelligent simulation of PERT networks is considerably more accurate than standard PERT analysis and is definitely not cost prohibitive.     

Zero level of a purely magnetic two-dimensional nonrelativistic Pauli operator for SPIN-1/2 particles

We study the manifold of complex Bloch-Floquet eigenfunctions for the zero level of a two-dimensional nonrelativistic Pauli operator describing the propagation of a charged particle in a periodic magnetic field with zero flux through the elementary cell and a zero electric field. We study this manifold in full detail for a wide class of algebraic-geometric operators. In the nonzero flux case, the Pauli operator ground state was found by Aharonov and Casher for fields rapidly decreasing at infinity and by Dubrovin and Novikov for periodic fields. Algebraic-geometric operators were not previously known for fields with nonzero flux because the complex continuation of “magnetic” Bloch-Floquet eigenfunctions behaves wildly at infinity. We construct several nonsingular algebraic-geometric periodic fields (with zero flux through the elementary cell) corresponding to complex Riemann surfaces of genus zero. For higher genera, we construct periodic operators with interesting magnetic fields and with the Aharonov-Bohm phenomenon. Algebraic-geometric solutions of genus zero also generate soliton-like nonsingular magnetic fields whose flux through a disc of radius R is proportional to R (and diverges slowly as R → ∞). In this case, we find the most interesting ground states in the Hilbert space L ₂ (ℝ ² ).     

On complexity of multistage stochastic programs

In this paper we derive estimates of the sample sizes required to solve a multistage stochastic programming problem with a given accuracy by the (conditional sampling) sample average approximation method. The presented analysis is self-contained and is based on a relatively elementary, one-dimensional, Cramér's Large Deviations Theorem.     

On the stability of contact discontinuity for Cauchy problem of compress Navier-Stokes equations with general initial data

In this paper,we study the stability of solutions of the Cauchy problem for 1-D compressible NarvierStokes equations with general initial data.The asymptotic limit of solution is found,under some conditions.The results in this paper imply the case that the limit function of solution as t →∞ is a viscous contact wave in the sense,which approximates the contact discontinuity on any finite-time interval as the heat conduction coefficients toward zero.As a by-product,the decay rates of the solution for the fast diffusion equations are also obtained.The proofs are based on the elementary energy method and the study of asymptotic behavior of the solution to the fast diffusion equation.     

B-Products of Besov type spaces and some applications

The paper derives a representation of classical Besov zero spaces by means of the so called B-products of the generalized Besov type zero spaces, generated by completely regular polyhedrons. Peetre K-functional is estimated and an interpolation formula of “real method” is proved for pairs of B-products. Some applications of these results are given.     

An efficient algorithm for regularization of Laplace transform inversion in real case

We address design of a numerical algorithm for solving the linear system arising in numerical inversion of Laplace transforms in real case [L. D’Amore, A. Murli, Regularization of a Fourier series method for the Laplace transform inversion with real data, Inverse Problems 18 (2002) 1185–1205]. The matrix has a condition number that grows almost exponentially and the singular values decay gradually towards zero. In such a case, because of this intrinsic strong instability, the main difficulty of any numerical computation is the ability of discovering at run time, only using data, what is the maximum attainable accuracy on the solution.

In this paper, we use GMRES with the aim of relating the current residuals to the maximum attainable accuracy of the approximate solution by using a suitable stopping rule. We prove that GMRES stops after, at most, as many iterations as the number of the largest eigenvalues (compared to the machine epsilon). We use a split preconditioner that symmetrically precondition the initial system. By this way, the largest eigenvalue dynamically provides the estimate of the condition number of the matrix.     

The Angle Defect for Odd-Dimensional Simplicial Manifolds

In a 1967 paper, Banchoff stated that a certain type of polyhedral curvature, that applies to all finite polyhedra, was zero at all vertices of an odd-dimensional polyhedral manifold; one then obtains an elementary proof that odd-dimensional manifolds have zero Euler characteristic. In a previous paper, the author defined a different approach to curvature for arbitrary simplicial complexes, based upon a direct generalization of the angle defect. The generalized angle defect is not zero at the simplices of every odd-dimensional manifold. In this paper we use a sequence based upon the Bernoulli numbers to define a variant of the angle defect for finite simplicial complexes that still satisfies a Gauss-Bonnet-type theorem, but is also zero at any simplex of an odd-dimensional simplicial complex K (of dimension at least 3), such that χ(link(ηⁱ, K)) = 2 for all i-simplices ηⁱ of K, where i is an even integer such that 0 ≤ i ≤ n – 1. As a corollary, an elementary proof is given that any such simplicial complex has Euler characteristic zero.     

Algebraic Entropy of Elementary Amenable Groups

We prove that any finitely generated elementary amenable group of zero (algebraic) entropy contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index or, equivalently, any finitely generated elementary amenable group of exponential growth is of uniformly exponential growth. We also show that 0 is an accumulation point of the set of entropies of elementary amenable groups.     

Binäre Formen und Primideale

There are some elementary theorems on geometry over a non algebraically closed field. For Example: 1. Every set of k-rational points of a projective variety is homeomorphic to the maximal spectrum of some k-algebra. 2. A properly defined real divisor class group of normal -variety is a /2-vectorspace.In this paper we obtain generalizations which say: The hypothesis, that a fixed polynomial has no zero modulo some prime ideals, has strong conclusions.     

实分片代数曲线的某些研究

分片代数曲线作为二元样条函数的零点集合是经典代数曲线的推广. 利用代数的基本知识, 本文对实分片代数曲线的基本性质进行了初步讨论, 并且将实分片代数曲线与相应的二元样条分类进行讨论. 最后, 对实分片代数曲线上的孤立点进行了研究.