Shapiro 1,2-酮基移位反应的研究

本文利用Shapiro反应的1,2-酮基移位反应, 经过五步使甾族化合物的6α-羟基移位到7α-羟基. 总产率是13 ％.     

手性1,2-二苯基乙二醇衍生物的合成及催化性能研究

合成了3种含吡啶环的手性1,2-二苯基乙二醇衍生物,并通过1HNMR、13CNMR、LCMS和IR的结构表征。将3种衍生物用于催化苯甲醛与二乙基锌的不对称加成反应的结果表明,其中的(1R,2R)-2-(2-吡啶甲氧基)-1,2-二苯基乙醇具有较好的催化活性,获得了78%的收率和56%e.e.。     

铜催化合成2-亚氨基-1,2-二氢喹啉化合物

报道了室温条件下磺酰叠氮、2-氨基苯甲醛、末端炔烃通过一价铜催化合成2-亚氨基-1,2-二氢喹啉化合物的方法.该反应条件温和,具有较好的底物普适性,当更改底物炔烃的类型时,可以选择控制不同产物的合成,包括二氢喹啉和N-磺酰脒类化合物.     

4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉的合成研究

以4-苯基-8-硝基喹啉为起始原料,经还原得到4-苯基-8-氨基喹啉,再以I2/KI为氧化剂,在乙酸和盐酸的存在下,用Skraup法合成了4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉.化合物结构经IR和1H NMR得到了证实.实验研究得到了最佳的合成条件为:n(3-氯苯丙酮)∶n(4-苯基-8-氨基喹啉)=1.5∶1,I2/KI用量为8%,反应温度120℃,反应时间2.5 h.产品收率可达82%.     

钌1,2-萘醌-1-肟配合物对aldol C—C成键反应的催化作用

在钌1,2-萘醌-1-肟(1-nqo)配合物cis,cis-[Ru(1-nqo)₂(CO)(NCMe)] (1)或trans,trans-[Ru(1-nqo)₂(PBu₃)₂] (2)的作用下, 氰基乙酸乙酯与取代苯甲醛发生aldol C—C成键反应. 根据GC-MS检测及HPLC分离结果, 对二苯甲醛的二个醛基可分别或同时与氰基乙酸乙酯发生aldol反应. ¹H NMR表征结果证明, 二种产物的双键构型均为反式. 其它取代苯甲醛的反应均给出单一反式aldol产物, 这表明该催化反应具有立体选择性. 配合物1的催化活性稍差, 产率不超过60%, 而配合物2的催化活性要高于1, 最高产率达99%.     

通过金属有机化合物的β-消除切断化学键

金属有机化合物的β-原子或基团的消除反应是实现选择性切断非活性化学键(包括碳-氢键、碳-碳键和碳-杂原子键)的有效方法之一.介绍了近年来金属有机化合物的β-原子或基团消除反应研究进展以及该反应在有机合成中的应用.     

手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物的合成研究进展

手性l,2-二氢吡啶化合物是重要的手性砌块,可通过还原或环加成反应来方便构建药物分子中十分重要的手性含氮杂环化合物如哌啶等,因此其高效合成对于新药研发具有重要的研究意义.利用手性源和手性辅基诱导的策略需要使用化学计量的手性试剂,发展不对称催化的方法来合成结构多样性的手性l,2-二氢吡啶化合物无疑十分重要.自2004年报...     

卤代烃消除反应的探究与思考

从反应机理的角度探讨了“无β-氢的卤代烃”能发生消除反应并给出反应实证,提出了教学与资料编写要注重科学性,要关心和预见学生现在学习和未来学习有机衔接的思考。     

二苯基(2-氯苯基)甲醇与牛血清白蛋白结合反应特征研究

用荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱法研究了二苯基(2-氯苯基)甲醇与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合反应的光谱特征,发现二苯基(2-氯苯基)甲醇对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,按照Stern—Volmer方程和双倒数方程分析处理实验数据,得到反应的结合常量和结合过程的热力学参数,探讨了结合力和结合反应机理。     

理论与计算化学在基础化学课程中的应用：1,2-环氧化物开环反应

1,2-环氧化物开环反应是化学类各专业有机化学课程中的重要教学内容,教材中的描述缺少定量、直观信息,学生通常采用机械记忆方式予以学习,不能完全理解相关的反应机制。本文设计了一个用理论化学方法研究化学反应的典型案例,通过量子化学计算探讨了酸、碱催化1,2-环氧化物开环反应的分子机制,揭示了反应的热力学和动力学性质,描绘了反应过程的直观物理图像,给出了理解反应区域选择性的定量信息。论文将计算量子化学与有机化学教学内容有机融合,不仅有助于学生加深对化学基本概念和基础理论的理解,而且有助于学生开阔视野、拓展思路,使学生充分认识到理论计算是开展化学研究的重要手段。     

Kemp Elimination Reaction Catalyzed by Electric Fields

The Kemp elimination reaction is the most widely used in the de novo design of new enzymes. The effect of two different kinds of electric fields in the reactions of acetate as a base with benzisoxazole and 5-nitrobenzisoxazole as substrates have been theoretically studied. The effect of the solvent reaction field has been calculated using the SMD continuum model for several solvents; we have shown that solvents inhibit both reactions, the decrease of the reaction rate being larger as far as the dielectric constant is increased. The diminution of the reaction rate is especially remarkable between aprotic organic solvents and protic solvents as water, the electrostatic term of the hydrogen bonds being the main factor for the large inhibitory effect of water. The presence of an external electric field oriented in the direction of the charge transfer (z axis) increases it and, so, the reaction rate. In the reaction of the nitro compound, if the electric field is oriented in an orthogonal direction (x axis) the charge transfer to the NO₂ group is favored and there is a subsequent increase of the reaction rate. However, this increase is smaller than the one produced by the field in the z axis. It is worthwhile mentioning that one of the main effects of external electric fields of intermediate intensity is the reorientation of the reactants. Finally, the implications of our results in the de novo design of enzymes are discussed.     

Tuning mechanism in helical columnar thiophene host system with 2-thienylacetic acid by using (1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol

A tunable supramolecular thiophene host system with a chiral channel-like cavity is developed using (1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol. This thiophene host system possesses a chiral helical columnar structure. The chiral cavities are formed by the self-assembly of the helical column, and guest molecules are included by varying the helical structure and packing arrangement of this column.     

CH3S自由基H迁移异构化及脱H2反应的直接动力学研究

采用密度泛函方法（MPW1PW91）在6．311G（d,p）基组水平上研究了CH3S自由基H迁移反应CH3S→CH2SH（R1）,脱H2反应CH3S→HCS＋H2（R2）以及脱H2产物HCS异构化反应HCS→CSH（R3）的微观动力学机理．在QCISD（t）／6．311＋＋G（d,p）／／MPW1PW91／6．311G（d,p）＋ZPE水平上进行了单点能校正．利用经典过渡态理论（TST）与变分过渡态理论（CVT）分别计算了各反应在200-2000K温度区间内的速率常数K^TST和k^CVT,同时获得了经小曲率隧道效应模型（SCT）校正后的速率常数萨k^CVT/SCT．结果表明,反应R1,R2和R3的势垒△E^≠分别为160．69,266．61和241．63kJ／mol。R1为反应的主通道．低温下CH3S比CH2SH稳定,高温时CH2SH比CH3S更稳定．另外,速率常数计算结果显示,量子力学隧道效应在低温段对速率常数的计算有显著影响,而变分效应在计算温度段内对速率常数的影响可以忽略．     

Reaction of Z isomers of alkylaromatic 1,2-hydroxylamino oximes with 1,2-diketones

The reactions of Z isomers of alkylaromatic 1,2-hydroxylamino oximes containing the hydroxylamino group at the primary or secondary carbon atom with diacetyl afford 6-acetyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,5-oxadiazines. The reactions of these compounds with alkylaromatic 1,2-diketones produce N-substituted α-aroylnitrones or 6-aroyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,5-oxadiazines or, alternatively, their tautomeric mixtures. Dedicated to the memory of Academician V. A. Koptyug on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of his birth. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1008–1013, June, 2006.     

Unexpected ring-expansion of 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-ones

A novel and unexpected ring-expansion reaction of 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-ones is identified. The scope of this reaction is exemplified and the proposed mechanism is also implicated in another degradation process. This reaction also represents a new method for accessing the 4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one skeleton.     

咪唑与单线态氧(1O2)1,2-环加成反应的理论研究

采用较新的半经验分子轨道方法Austin Model 1(简称AM1方法), 辅以Berny梯度优化方法, 对单线态氧(~1O_2)与咪唑的1,2-环加成反应,进行了理论研究。计算获得实验尚未检测到的4,5-二氧环丁烷(4,5-dioxetane)的结构, 并在反应势能面上找到单重态双自由基中间体及通过该中间体的两步反应的过渡态。通过对过渡态的结构特征、虚振动方向以及对反应过程的电荷分布情况、轨道相互作用等的分析, 说明该反应是经由单重态双自由基中间体的分步反应。两步反应的活化势垒分别为39.2 kJ·mol~(-1)和150.5 kJ·mol~(-1)。     

4-Phenylsulfenyl- and 4-Phenylselenenyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphole-2-oxides by the Reaction of 1,2-Alkadienephosphonic Amidoesters with Sulphenyl- and Selenenylbromides

The reactivity of 1,2-alkadienephosphonic amidoesters towards sulphenyl- and seleneneylbromides has been investigated.     

Spontaneous Emergence of Homochirality via Coherently Coupled Antagonistic and Reversible Reaction Cycles

Asymmetric synthesis aims at obtaining enantio‐enriched products in stereoselective reactions under a chiral influence. We demonstrate both mathematically and numerically that, even under nominally achiral conditions, fully homochiral steady states can be obtained in open reactive systems by spontaneous mirror‐symmetry breaking in the homogenous solution phase when the autocatalytic reaction network is closed in the form of coherently coupled antagonistic reversible reaction cycles which, paradoxically, allow for complete recycling of the reactant. We show that the fully reversible Frank mechanism for spontaneous mirror‐symmetry breaking is closely related to the Lotka–Volterra system, which models predator–prey relations in ecosystems. Amplification of total enantiomeric excess and the principle of microscopic reversibility are not in conflict for all conceivable reactions. A viable and widely applicable reaction protocol is introduced and discussed, and it permits the theoretical implications to be applied to practical laboratory examples. Implications for the possible origin of biological homochirality on early earth are discussed.     

Chalcogeno-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of Chalcogenide-Enones with Carbonyl Compounds

Abstract

The Chalcogeno-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction was achieved by the reactions of 2-(methylchalcogeno)phenyl vinyl ketones with carbonyl compounds or acetals in the presence of BF₃· Et₂O. This reaction proceeds via the intramolecular Michael addition of the chalcogenide group to an enone moiety followed by the aldol reaction of the resulting chalcogenonio-enolate with an aldehyde. The reactions were worked up with triethylamine or saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ to give the α -methylene aldols (the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts).     

硝酸银溶液与碘化钾溶液反应的实验探究与思考

通过实验探究得出,硝酸银溶液与碘化钾溶液直接混合时,发生生成碘化银沉淀的复分解反应,而通过带盐桥的原电池,阻止离子接触时,则发生氧化还原反应。并从化学热力学和动力学方面对其反应机理进行了分析。