分子光谱法研究铝酞菁与牛血红蛋白的相互作用

利用紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了在生理pH条件下铝酞菁与牛血红蛋白(BHb)的相互作用.实验结果表明:铝酞菁分子与BHb发生反应生成基态复合物,导致BHb内源荧光的猝灭,该猝灭属于静态猝灭.测定了不同温度下该反应的表观结合常数、结合位点数及结合热力学参数,热力学参数的变化表明铝酞菁与BHb之间以静电和疏水作用力为主;根据Frster能量转移理论,测得供体与受体间结合距离r和能量转移效率E;并用同步荧光光谱法探讨了铝酞菁对BHb构象的影响.     

煤和生物质化学链气化中铜基载氧体与灰分的碳热反应研究

从反应温度、灰的种类和灰的比例三个方面,对煤和生物质化学链气化过程中铜基载氧体与灰中矿物的碳热反应过程进行了研究;通过往复切换固定床的氧化还原气氛模拟化学链气化的循环过程,利用XRD和SEM-EDS等表征手段并结合热力学计算对产物进行分析。结果表明,灰中Fe_2O_3和Al_2O_3易与CuO/Cu_2O反应形成CuAl_2O_4、Cu_2Fe_2O_4和CuFe_2O_4等尖晶石结构的物质,而CaO能够通过阻碍Cu-Al和Cu-Si复合化合物的形成来缓解铜基载氧体的烧结。温度升高促使CuO极易与CaSiO_3和MgSiO_3等硅酸盐矿物发生固-固反应,生成CaCuSi_2O_6和CuMgSi_2O_6等而降低铜基载氧体的反应活性。随着灰分比例的增加,Ca~(2+)和Fe~(3+)等离子富集所生成的Ca_2Fe_9O_(13)易与SiO_2发生反应生成高熔点的CaFeSi_2O_6三相共熔体,与铜基载氧体共熔并覆盖在载氧体表面,阻碍其释氧性能。     

酞菁铁(Ⅱ)与分子氧反应中轴向配体的作用—动力学考察

通过电子光谱的变化,研究了不同轴向配体(DMSO、DMF和THF)对酞菁铁(Ⅱ)吸氧动力学的影响。实验表明,在DMSO体系中反应有诱导期和明显的可逆性,浓度随时间的变化表观上呈“S”形曲线,表明反应中有自催化过程,在DMF和THF体系中,浓度随时间的变化呈简单双曲线型。在分别对FePc/DMSO体系考虑自催化过程和对FePc/DMF(THF)体系考虑串联反应的影响后所得动力学方程可以很好地描述实验数据,所得结果表明,在这三种体系中,FePc与O_2反应有相同的反应机理并生成相同的反应中间体和最终产物,所不同的只是三体系的控制步骤不同。 在DMF中,FePc与空气氧的反应规律与纯氧的相同。反应速度为后者的1/4～1/5,正好和空气中O_2的分压相当。     

粉状铝中氧的测定

测定铝中氧的经典方法是高频加热的真空熔融法和惰气熔融法,但尚存在一些问题;脉冲加热惰气熔融法极少报导,应引起重视。作者采用脉冲加热惰气熔融-库仑定氧仪探讨了粉状铝中氧的测定方法。粉状铝在空气中易氧化生成稳定的Al_2O_3薄膜。根据热力学理论推算结果和实验结果,确定了下述提取粉状铝中氧的机理:     

新型空间链取代四-(6-氨基己酸磺肽基)铝酞菁配合物的合成及其光物理性质

高锰酸钾降解2-萘酚-6-磺酸钠合成了"分子碎片"4-磺酸钾基邻苯二甲酸(1)。1在钼酸铵催化下,用固相法合成了四-磺酸铝酞菁(2)。采用氨基转化的方法,2经磺酰氯化和Hinsberg磺酰胺化反应分别合成了四-磺酰氯铝酞菁(3)和新型空间链取代四-(6-氨基己酸磺肽基)铝酞菁(4)。1～4结构经1HNMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征,并对4的光物理性质进行了初步研究。     

μ-氧-双四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)在CH_2Cl_2-氧化剂体系中的转化反应研究

本文报道了以CH_2Cl_2为溶剂,μ-氧-双四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)[(TPPFe)_2O]分别在亚碘酰苯(PhIO),H_2O_2和空气氧存在下转化为氯合、四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)(TPPFeCl)的反应.动力学初步研究表明在H_2O_2或PhIO存在下对(TPPFe)_2O为一级反应,而在空气氧中则为零级反应.反应速率常数与反应温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程式.根据动力学数据提出了该反应的可能机理.     

竹红菌甲素光敏氧化反应机制

本文报道了在竹红菌甲素的光敏氧化反应中,原初反应产生了~1O_2、O_2~-和H_2O_2,在一些还原性底物(5-羟基色氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸等)的存在下,体系中形成的O_2~-量大大增加。证明了体系中的~1O_2是通过三重态的竹红菌甲素和基态氧进行能量传递形成的,O_2~-是体系中的竹红菌甲素负离子自由基和基态氧进行单电子转移的结果,H_2O_2是体系中存在的竹红菌甲素二价负离子还原基态氧的产物。在一些底物存在下,次级反应产生了·OH。我们也发现竹红菌甲素具有弱的抽氢能力而生成一些有机自由基,这些有机自由基的形成促进了各种活泼态氧的相互转化,因此我们认为竹红菌甲素的光敏氧化是各种活泼态氧和一些有机自由基综合反应的结果。     

氧在球磨石墨载过渡金属氧化物催化剂上还原的动力学研究

本文研究了过渡金属氧化物Co_3O_4、NiCo_2O_4和MnO_2与振动活性石墨复合后对氧阴极还原的催化作用。旋转盘-环电极的数据表明,氧在该复合催化剂上的还原反应是一个包括异相催化分解的循环过程,即氧主要在活性石墨上还原生成中间产物HO_2~-,HO_2~-又能在氧化物上催化分解,产生的氧气重新在活性石墨上还原。这样循环的最终结果生成了OH~-。氧化物分解HO_2~-的速率越快,则氧还原的总电子数越接近于4。     

酞菁配合物掺杂对芘/硅树脂材料光学-氧猝灭特性的影响

基于氧对荧光的猝灭作用, 含荧光探针的高分子复合物已成为定量测定氧浓度或氧分压的新型功能材料. 本工作将酞菁及酞菁的氯铝、镁、硅和铜配位化合物掺杂在芘/聚二甲基硅氧烷光学-氧压传感材料中, 观察了它们的氧猝灭光物理作用. 结果表明, 酞菁配合物掺杂对氧猝灭显示良好的线性响应; 酞菁的硅和铜配合物可有效地增加氧猝灭灵敏度; 而酞菁氯铝降低了氧猝灭的温度系数. 这与发射谱上芘的I₃/I₁值, 芘的微环境极性相对应, 并可归因为芘与酞菁配合物的电子转移性质对荧光猝灭的影响, 以及共轭结构的稳定化和均质化作用.     

α-和β-四烷氧取代酞菁的合成及性能研究

利用3-烷氧取代邻苯二腈和4-烷氧取代邻苯二腈与相应的金属盐反应制备了两大系列(α-和β-)四烷氧取代酞菁.讨论了温度对中间体烷氧取代邻苯二腈合成的影响,探讨了酞菁的两种环合方法,并对β-烷氧酞菁的环合历程进行了初步的考察.研究了不同取代位置和酞菁的最大吸收波长之间的关系,结果表明, α-取代烷氧取代酞菁导致λmax红移值较大,而相应β位取代情况下红移值较小,说明给电子基团在α位对酞菁骨架的π共轭结构微扰作用比β位大.同时研究了溶解度及热失重与酞菁结构的关系.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.