General Existence Theorem of Zero Points

Let X be a nonempty, compact, convex set in and let be an upper semicontinuous mapping from X to the collection of nonempty, compact, convex subsets of . It is well known that such a mapping has a stationary point on X; i.e., there exists a point X such that its image under has a nonempty intersection with the normal cone of X at the point. In the case where, for every point in X, it holds that the intersection of the image under with the normal cone of X at the point is either empty or contains the origin 0 ⁿ , then must have a zero point on X; i.e., there exists a point in X such that 0 ⁿ lies in the image of the point. Another well-known condition for the existence of a zero point follows from the Ky Fan coincidence theorem, which says that, if for every point the intersection of the image with the tangent cone of X at the point is nonempty, the mapping must have a zero point. In this paper, we extend all these existence results by giving a general zero-point existence theorem, of which the previous two results are obtained as special cases. We discuss also what kind of solutions may exist when no further conditions are stated on the mapping . Finally, we show how our results can be used to establish several new intersection results on a compact, convex set.     

Erdős–Szekeres-Type Theorems for Segments and Noncrossing Convex Sets

A family of convex sets is said to be in convex position, if none of its members is contained in the convex hull of the others. It is proved that there is a function N(n) with the following property. If is a family of at least N(n) plane convex sets with nonempty interiors, such that any two members of have at most two boundary points in common and any three are in convex position, then has n members in convex position. This result generalizes a theorem of T. Bisztriczky and G. Fejes Tóth. The statement does not remain true, if two members of may share four boundary points. This follows from the fact that there exist infinitely many straight-line segments such that any three are in convex position, but no four are. However, there is a function M(n) such that every family of at least M(n) segments, any four of which are in convex position, has n members in convex position.     

On Codes Identifying Sets of Vertices in Hamming Spaces

A code is called (t, 2)-identifying if for all the words x, y(x y) and the sets (B _t (x) B _t (y)) C and are nonempty and different. Constructions of such codes and a lower bound on the cardinality of these codes are given. The lower bound is shown to be sharp in some cases. We also discuss a more general notion of -identifying codes and introduce weakly identifying codes.     

Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities in Infinite-Dimensional Normed Spaces

In this paper, we deal with the following problem: given a real normed space E with topological dual E*, a closed convex set XE, two multifunctions :X2^X and , find such that We extend to the above problem a result established by Ricceri for the case (x)X, where in particular the multifunction is required only to satisfy the following very general assumption: each set (x) is nonempty, convex, and weakly-star compact, and for each yX–:X the set is compactly closed. Our result also gives a partial affirmative answer to a conjecture raised by Ricceri himself.     

On L_w^2 -quasi-derivatives for solutions of perturbed general quasi-differential equations

This paper is concerned with square integrable quasi-derivatives for any solution of a general quasi-differential equation of nth order with complex coefficients M[y] – wy = wf(t, y ^[0],... , y ^[n–1]), t [a, b) provided that all rth quasi-derivatives of solutions of M[y] – wy = 0 and all solutions of its normal adjoint are in and under suitable conditions on the function f.     

On the connectedness of the set of weakly efficient points of a vector optimization problem in locally convex spaces

In vector optimization, topological properties of the set of efficient and weakly efficient points are of interest. In this paper, we study the connectedness of the setE ^w of all weakly efficient points of a subsetZ of a locally convex spaceX with respect to a continuous mappingp:X Y,Y locally convex and partially ordered by a closed, convex cone with nonempty interior. Under the general assumptions thatZ is convex and closed and thatp is a pointwise quasiconvex mapping (i.e., a generalized quasiconvex concept), the setE ^w is connected, if the lower level sets ofp are compact. Furthermore, we show some connectedness results on the efficient points and the efficient and weakly efficient outcomes. The considerations of this paper extend the previous results of Refs. 1–3. Moreover, some examples in vector approximation are given.The author is grateful to Dr. D. T. Luc and to a referee for pointing out an error in an earlier version of this paper.     

Multivalued differential equations in separable Banach spaces

This paper is concerned with multivalued differential equations of the form F(t,x), whereF is a multivalued mapping taking as its values nonempty compact, but not necessarily convex, subsets in a separable Banach space. The main result is connected with the existence of solutions of these equations.     

Efficient Sets of Convex Compacta are Arcwise Connected

We prove that the efficient point set Max(Q|K) of a compact convex set QX in a Hausdorff topological vector space X ordered by a closed convex pointed cone KX with nonempty K ⁺ⁱ:={lK\{0}:l(x)>0} is arcwise connected.     

Lower Bounds for n-Term Approximations of Plane Convex Sets and Related Topics

In this paper, we establish lower bounds for n-term approximations in the metric of L ²⁽I ² ) of characteristic functions of plane convex subsets of the square I ² with respect to arbitrary orthogonal systems. It is shown that, as n, these bounds cannot decrease more rapidly than .     

Maximum Principle for a Control Problem Governed by an Evolution Equation

We prove the maximum principle for an optimal control problem governed by the system

Weakly Cyclic Vectors with a Given Modulus

Let H^p be the Hardy space in the polydisk. Denote by the set of all holomorphic polynomials. A vector f ∈ H^p is called weakly cyclic if the product f is weakly dense in H^p, 0 < p < 1. We construct weakly cyclic vectors with a prescribed lower semi-continuous modulus of the boundary values. Bibliography: 6 titles.__________Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 303, 2003, pp. 111–118.     

Sequential completeness of subspaces of products of two cardinals

Let be a cardinal number with the usual order topology. We prove that all subspaces of ² are weakly sequentially complete and, as a corollary, all subspaces of are sequentially complete. Moreover we show that a subspace of (₁ + 1)² need not be sequentially complete, but note that X = A × B is sequentially complete whenever A and B are subspaces of .     

On positive solutions of quasilinear elliptic systems

In this paper, we consider the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of degenerate elliptic systems where –_p is the p-Laplace operator, p > 1 and is a C ^1,-domain in . We prove an analogue of [7, 16] for the eigenvalue problem with and obtain a non-existence result of positive solutions for the general systems.     

The Jordan–von Neumann constants and fixed points for multivalued nonexpansive mappings

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of fixed points for nonexpansive multivalued mappings in a particular class of Banach spaces. Furthermore, we demonstrate a relationship between the weakly convergent sequence coefficient WCS(X) and the Jordan–von Neumann constant C_NJ(X) of a Banach space X. Using this fact, we prove that if C_NJ(X) is less than an appropriate positive number, then every multivalued nonexpansive mapping has a fixed point where E is a nonempty weakly compact convex subset of a Banach space X, and KC(E) is the class of all nonempty compact convex subsets of E.     

Coupling of the GB set property for ergodic averages

Let (Y,,,T) be an ergodic dynamical system. LetA be an nonempty subset ofL ²() such that , whereA=sup{||sȒt||₂ ,s, tA} andN(A, u) is the smallest number ofL ²()-open balls of radiusu, centered inA, enough to coverA. Let . We prove as a consequence of a more general result, thatC(A) is aGB subset ofL ²().     

Approximation to Probabilities Through Uniform Laws on Convex Sets

Let P be a probability distribution on ^d and let be the family of the uniform probabilities defined on compact convex sets of ^d with interior non-empty. We prove that there exists a best approximation to P in , based on the L ₂-Wasserstein distance. The approximation can be considered as the best representation of P by a convex set in the minimum squares setting, improving on other existent representations for the shape of a distribution. As a by-product we obtain properties related to the limit behavior and marginals of uniform distributions on convex sets which can be of independent interest.     

An Estimate for the Measure of Nonconvexity in the Lp-Space

The measure (A) of nonconvexity for a bounded subset A of a normed linear space L is the Hausdorff distance between A and the convex hull coA. It is proved that if L is an L ^p-space, then , where d(A) is the diameter of A and . Furthermore, this estimate is sharp. Bibliography: 6 titles.     

Radical formations

A formation is called radical (weakly n-radical) if it contains every group G which can be represented in the formG=M ₁M₂ ...M _n,M _iG, where the subgroups M_i belong to (belong to and have pairwise prime indices). It is proved that a local formation is radical (weakly n-radical,n 2) if and only if its complete inner local screen f has the following property: f(p) is a radical (a weakly n-radical,n 2) formation for every prime number p.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 861–864, June, 1977.     

Bounds for the lattice point enumerator

For the lattice point enumerator of a lattice and a convex body K we give bounds in terms of the intrinsic volumes of K and of minimal determinants of . The intrinsic volumes are the normalized Minkowski quermassintegrals and the minimal determinants are analogous functionals of .     

On the Hahn-Banach Extension Property in Hardy and mixed norm spaces on the unit ball

For a nonempty setE of nonnegative integers letH _E ^{p, q, a} andH _E ^p be the closed linear span of