Ground vibrations detection with fiber optic sensor

In this paper, a fiber optic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed to measure the ground vibrations which may be generated by earthquakes, debris flows, landslides, and rock impacts on the ground. The detected vibration signals were analyzed by both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Gabor transform to obtain the frequency response. The performance of fiber optic sensor was examined and compared with the conventional ground vibration geophone sensor. From the results of field tests, the fiber optic sensor shows highly similarity with conventional geophone sensor for low frequency measurement. The fiber optic vibration sensing system presented in this research is appropriate for sensing ground vibration in the frequency ranges of 10–250 Hz. The sensor proved to be an alternative option for ground vibrations monitoring system.     

雨滴碰击光缆后光纤应变相位调制分析

基于云动力学理论,分析了雨滴碰击光缆后径向应变导致光纤纤芯折射率及形状发生改变,使光纤内传输光相位受到调制的过程.建立了雨滴碰击光缆引起光纤内传输光相位调制的模型,获得了降雨强度与相位调制之间的关系.研制了雨滴碰击光缆相位调制实验室验证系统,对比了模拟降雨强度分别为3,5,7,10,15,18,22,30 mm/h时的实验测试与仿真结果,两者变化趋势一致,误差在9%以内.该模型可用于仿真获得不同降雨强度下雨滴碰击光缆引起的光相位调制,为进一步研究降雨对光纤振动传感系统性能的影响,优化光纤振动传感工程应用系统,提出可行的雨量补偿方案提供了理论参考.     

分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

基于相干光时域反射型的光纤分布式声增敏传感研究

开展了基于相干光时域反射型的光纤分布式声增敏传感研究,提出了单端固定开口波纹薄筒光纤声增敏方法,建立了光纤声增敏装置波节间距、单波节轴向刚度、光纤长度等参数对光纤相位灵敏度的影响理论模型.制作了3种规格的光纤声增敏传感装置进行声传感实验.实验结果表明,声增敏传感装置相位灵敏度达到2.975 rad/Pa,最小声探测信号达到60.1 dB,3种规格的声增敏传感装置的灵敏度测试值与理论分析基本一致.研究结果为高灵敏度的光纤分布式声传感的进一步发展提供了理论和实验基础.     

光纤振动传感器探头的设计

提出和论述了一种光纤振动传感器的原理和探头设计方法。使用悬臂梁来遮挡反射回光纤的光 ,用光强度调制来实现振动信号的测量。这种传感探头只需一根光纤引出 ,紧凑小巧 ,易于安装调试。结果表明 ,这种光纤振动传感器传感头是可靠而耐用的 ,长时间工作稳定 ,抗外界干扰强 ,易制作 ,易安装。     

基于二阶保偏光纤Sagnac环光纤激光器的振动检测研究

提出了一种可用于振动检测的新型光纤光栅传感技术. 用偏振控制器和高双折射保偏光纤构建成Sagnac环, 结合掺铒光纤、单模光纤和隔离器, 形成了单波长光纤激光器, 由粘有光纤Bragg光栅的悬臂梁作为传感探头, 并利用Sagnac环本身的线性边缘, 解调振动信号. 阐述了Sagnac环原理及其产生的边缘效应, 并进行了数值模拟计算, 对振动信号进行了检测实验, 检测系统从L₁到L₁+L₂之间对应的周期可调, 灵敏度高达38.2 μ W/nm, 线性度为0.9996, 动态范围在40–70 dB, 可满足振动传感检测的技术参数要求. 关键词： 光纤光学 振动检测 保偏光纤Sagnac环 光纤激光器     

电流变材料构件的频率检测与响应控制

干涉式光纤应变传感器为构件的实时频率检测提供了抗电磁干扰的新型最佳技术手段.本文分析了其在新型的电流变材料构件应用时的若干现象.提出一个位相漂移模型并用以成功处理了有关问题.由此设计的嵌埋型干涉式光纤应变传感器首次使用于受到随机外部激励的电流变结构的振动控制过程.     

基于环结构的新型分布式光纤振动传感系统

提出并验证了一种新颖的基于环形马赫-泽德干涉仪结构的全分布式光纤振动传感系统.采用直流光实时动态定位技术，通过在干涉仪光路中引入环结构，将直线型干涉仪转化为环型回路，使得一个马赫-泽德干涉仪中相向传输两路光波，相当于构成双马赫-泽德干涉仪.当振动信号作用于传感光纤时，相向传输的两路直流光同时产生相同的相位信号并沿不同的路径传输至光接收单元，采用数字信号处理技术分析接收信号即可实时获得振动的空间位置和频率、幅度等特性参数.实验中成功实现了监测距离为1.01km的分布式振动传感，单点振动的空间分辨率小于40m.另外，从理论上分析并模拟了系统对多点同时振动进行检测和定位的可行性.     

Intensity vibration sensor based on Raman fiber laser using a distributed mirror combined with Bragg grating structures

In this work, the authors propose a new configuration for an intensity vibration sensor based on a Raman fiber laser. The linear cavity of the Raman fiber laser relies on the combination of a distributed Rayleigh mirror and fiber Bragg gratings, which are used as the sensing element and intensity filter. The sensor was able to measure vibrations with frequencies of up to 350 Hz with more than 50 dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and also the amplitude of the vibrations with a sensitivity of up to 0.57 ± 0.07 dB/με for vibrations with a maximum strain variation of up to 35 με. The main advantages of the proposed configuration are the simple scheme with high SNR for remote sensing and the easy possibility of multiplexing.     

长距离分布式光纤传感技术研究进展

分布式光纤传感技术是光纤传感领域的重要组成部分,具有以下突出优势:无需在光纤上制作传感器,传感光纤集传感与传输于一体,可实现远距离、大范围的传感与组网;可连续感知光纤传输路径上每一点的温度、应变、振动等物理参量的空间分布和变化信息,单根光纤上能获得多达数万点的传感信息.由于在长距离连续传感方面具有不可替代的优势,分布式光纤传感技术在周界安防、石油电力、大型结构等领域的安全监控方面具有非常广阔的应用前景.本文主要介绍电子科技大学光纤传感与器件研究团队在长距离分布式光纤静(布里渊光时域分析仪)、动(相位敏感型光时域反射仪)态参量传感技术取得的研究进展,包括基础与应用研究两个方面.     

Performance and comparison of fiber vibration sensing using SAC-OCDMA with direct decoding techniques

Intensity modulated fiber vibrations sensing using Khazani Syed (KS) and Modified Quadratic Congruence Code (MQC) code for quasi distributed vibration measurement have been evaluated. The systems employed Spectral Direct (SD) Decoding for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA). SAC-OCDMA is adopted because of its enormous impact in dealing with Multiple Access Interference (MAI). The setup was carried out for three sensor points in three consecutive measurements. The performance of the sensing system with the KS and MQC codes were compared at the same weight and number of code sequence. It was observed that the applied vibration frequencies were obtained at the receivers and the signal employing MQC are received at slightly better power than KS code. However, KS code setup employed less number of components and therefore, reduce the cost and complexity of achieving quasi-distributed vibration sensing.     

基于薄包层极大倾角光纤光栅的灵敏度增强型振动传感器

提出了一种薄包层极大倾角光纤光栅悬臂梁振动传感器,采用基于标准单模光纤的极大倾角光纤光栅,从理论上分析包层半径的减小对波导色散因子、包层模的有效折射率、轴向应变灵敏度因子、轴向应变灵敏度及模式阶数的影响,并进行数值仿真,为其振动传感增敏方法提供理论依据.然后使用氢氟酸腐蚀光纤包层,构成不同直径的极大倾角光纤光栅并进行相...     

Submicrometric Displacement and Vibration Measurement Using Optical Feedback in a Fiber Laser

A very simple and efficient technique for the remote sensing of a noncooperative target is presented. This technique is based on the frequency-shifted reinjection of light in a class B laser. Ytterbium- and erbium-doped fiber lasers have both been used to measure displacements with a submicrometric resolution and the vibration power spectrum of an object.     

Submicrometric Displacement and Vibration Measurement Using Optical Feedback in a Fiber Laser

A very simple and efficient technique for the remote sensing of a noncooperative target is presented. This technique is based on the frequency-shifted reinjection of light in a class B laser. Ytterbium- and erbium-doped fiber lasers have both been used to measure displacements with a submicrometric resolution and the vibration power spectrum of an object.     

光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射检测研究

验证了一种基于光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射传感器,可用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器到达探测器时,干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换,测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.对传感系统的相位调制特性进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析.     

Compact FBG diaphragm accelerometer based on L-shaped rigid cantilever beam

A compact fiber Bragg grating(FBG) diaphragm accelerometer based on L-shaped rigid cantilever beam is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The sensing system is based on the integration of a flat diaphragm and an L-shaped rigid cantilever beam.The FBG is pre-tensioned and the two side points are fixed,efficiently avoiding the unwanted chirp effect of grating.Dynamic vibration measurement shows that the proposed FBG diaphragm accelerometer provides a wide frequency response range(0-110 Hz) and an extremely high sensitivity(106.5 pm/g),indentifying it as a good candidate for embedding structural health monitoring and seismic wave measurement.     

Self-mixing interference in an all-fiberized configuration Er-Yb codoped distributed Bragg reflector laser for vibration measurement

Self-mixing sensing technique can be used for measuring distances, displacements, velocities and vibration. In this paper, for good sensitivity vibration measurement system, self-mixing vibrator using an all-fiberized configuration Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ Distributed Bragg Reflector (EYDBR) laser is proposed and investigated for the first time. Results obtained demonstrate that all-fiberized configuration EYDBR laser present a powerful tool for the advancement of self-mixing vibration sensor and provide a potential remote measurement of the vibration compared with the optical feedback in other traditional fiber lasers.     

基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的φ-光时域反射计光纤分布式传感系统

提出了一种基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的φ-光时域反射计光纤分布式传感系统.传感光缆采用普通单模光纤制成的直径3 mm的细光缆,并埋设于室外.入侵者走在光缆上面或附近产生的压力(振动)导致光纤中瑞利散射光相位发生变化,由于干涉作用,光相位变化将引起光强度的变化,通过实时将当前时刻的φ-光时域反射计后向瑞利散射信号与其前一时刻(时间间隔0.1 s)的后向瑞利散射信号连续相减检测这种干涉效应来定位入侵位置.经适当的数据处理后,该传感系统定位精度可达到50 m(为目前报道的φ-光时域反射计传感系统最高定位精度),定位范围可达到14 km,信噪比约为12 dB,且灵敏度较高.该系统可望能广泛用于军事基地、国界、核设施及监狱等重要场所的安全防范.     

Novel Perturbation-Immune All-Fiber Optical Architecture for Current Sensing

This paper describes a novel all-fiber optical architecture for electric current or magnetic field sensing which is immune against temperature and vibration perturbations in a hazardous environment. The architecture is structured by employing the fiber-optic wave plates (quarter, half or full) of the patented invention of the senior author. Experimental results on prototype fiber-optic specimen and on a variety of optical fiber networks confirm the respective theoretical predictions.     

基于附加环结构的分布式光纤传感系统研究

研究了一种使用2×2耦合器将附加环耦合到萨格奈克主环上的分布式光纤传感预警系统.采用单模光纤和脉冲光源,在时域上提取光不同次经过附加环的干涉光束多重响应.理论推导和仿真试验证明,比较多重响应的幅度能够探测发生在主环里因外界破坏事件引起的振动所在位置.提出了准确定位的数学模型,其定位方法与外界作用的频率特性无关.