Projective Structures and Algebras of Their Differential Invariants

1-dimensional projective structures and 1-dimensional projective quantities are classified and algebras of their differential invariants are found.     

Projective Curvature and Integral Invariants

In this paper, an extension of all Lie group actions on R ²to coordinates defined by potentials is given. This provides a new solution to the equivalence problems of curves under the projective group and two of its subgroups. The potentials correspond to integrals of higher and higher-order producing an infinite number of independent integral invariants. Applications to computer vision are discussed.     

On Projective Invariants of Curves

It is shown that for the action of the projective group on curves in the plane leaving a point fixed, the differential invariants depending on several points are derivable from the well known 4-point invariants.     

Projective Invariants of Planar 2-Webs

In this paper, we compute the rational projective differential invariants of linear planar 2- webs. The invariants are used to find conditions under which two linear planar 2-webs are equivalent with respect to the group of projective transformations.     

Yamabe Invariants and $ Spin^c $ Structures

The Yamabe invariant of a smooth compact manifold is by definition the supremum of the scalar curvatures of unit-volume Yamabe metrics on the manifold. For an explicit infinite class of 4-manifolds, we show that this invariant is positive but strictly less than that of the 4-sphere. This is done by using Dirac operators to control the lowest eigenvalue of a perturbation of the Yamabe Laplacian. These results dovetail perfectly with those derived from the perturbed Seiberg–Witten equations [Le3], but the present method is much more elementary in spirit. Submitted: October 1997     

Complex Projective Structures with Schottky Holonomy

Let S be a closed orientable surface of genus at least two. Let ?? be a Schottky group whose rank is equal to the genus of S, and ?? be the domain of discontinuity of ??. Pick an arbitrary epimorphism : ${{\rho : \pi_{1}(S) \rightarrow \Gamma}}$ . Then ??/?? is a surface homeomorphic to S carrying a (complex) projective structure with holonomy ??. We show that every projective structure with holonomy ?? is obtained by (2??)grafting ??/?? along a multiloop on S.     

Compactification of Strictly Convex Real Projective Structures

In this paper we compactify the space of convex real projective structures, known as Hitchin’s component in a representation variety. We give geometric meanings to the boundary points.Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000). 51M10, 57S25.     

Invariant Rigid Geometric Structures and Smooth Projective Factors

We consider actions of non-compact simple Lie groups preserving an analytic rigid geometric structure of algebraic type on a compact manifold. The structure is not assumed to be unimodular, so an invariant measure may not exist. Ergodic stationary measures always exist, and when such a measure has full support, we show the following:

Local Projective Model Structures on Simplicial Presheaves

We introduce different model structures on the categories of simplicial presheaves and simplicial sheaves on some essentially small Gro-then-dieck site T and give some applications of these simplified model categories. In particular, we prove that the stable homotopy categories SH((Sm/k)Nis,A1) and SH((Sch/k)cdh,A1) are equivalent. This result was first proven by Voevodsky and our proof uses many of his techniques, but it does not use his theory of -closed classes.     

具有不依赖于时间的不变量的三维常微分方程组的Hamilton结构

本文证明了具有不依赖于时间的不变量的三维常微分方程组所描述的动力系统相对于一广义Poisson括号可以改写为Hamilton系统,并且这些不变量就是Hamilton量。作为例子,我们讨论了Kermack-Mckendrick传染病模型,所得结果推广了Y.Nutku的结果。     

Geometric Structures on the Complement of a Projective Arrangement

Consider a complex projective space with its Fubini-Study metric. We study certain one parameter deformations of this metric on the complement of an arrangement (= finite union of hyperplanes) whose Levi-Civita connection is of Dunkl type. Interesting examples are obtained from the arrangements defined by finite complex reflection groups. We determine a parameter interval for which the metric is locally of Fubini-Study type, flat, or complex-hyperbolic. We find a finite subset of this interval for which we get a complete orbifold or at least a Zariski open subset thereof, and we analyze these cases in some detail (e.g., we determine their orbifold fundamental group).In this set-up, the principal results of Deligne-Mostow on the Lauricella hypergeometric differential equation and work of Barthel-Hirzebruch-Höfer on arrangements in a projective plane appear as special cases. Along the way we produce in a geometric manner all the pairs of complex reflection groups with isomorphic discriminants, thus providing a uniform approach to work of Orlik-Solomon.     

The Deformation Spaces of Projective Structures on 3-Dimensional Coxeter Orbifolds

A real projective structure on a 3-orbifold is given by locally modeling the orbifold by real projective geometry. We present some methodology to study Coxeter groups which are fundamental groups of 3-orbifolds with representations in and deformation spaces. There are related examples by Benoist. These examples give us nontrivial deformation spaces of projective structures.     

广义Witt代数$W(2, 1)$的投射不可分解模和Cartan不变理

研究了特征为2的代数闭域上广义Witt代数$W(2,\mathbf{1})$的 投射不可分解模, 给出了特征标高度$ht\chi\leq 0$的所有投射不可分解模同构类的代表元和Cartan不变量. 并且进一步讨论了既约包络代数$u(W(2,\mathbf{1}),\chi)$ 的表示型.     

Projective Completions of Jordan Pairs,Part II: Manifold Structures and Symmetric Spaces

We define symmetric spaces in arbitrary dimension and over arbitrary non-discrete topological fields , and we construct manifolds and symmetric spaces associated to topological continuous quasi-inverse Jordan pairs and -triple systems. This class of spaces, called smooth generalized projective geometries, generalizes the well-known (finite or infinite-dimensional) bounded symmetric domains as well as their ‘compact-like’ duals. An interpretation of such geometries as models of Quantum Mechanics is proposed, and particular attention is paid to geometries that might be considered as ‘standard models’ – they are associated to associative continuous inverse algebras and to Jordan algebras of hermitian elements in such an algebra.Mathematics Subject Classiffications (2000). primary: 17C36, 46H70, 17C65; secondary: 17C30, 17C90     

一些特殊变换群的联合不变量和联合微分不变量

The theory of moving frames developed by Peter J Olver and M Fels has importaut applications to geometry,classical invariant theory.We will use this theory to classify joint invariants and joint differential invariants of some transformation groups.     

Hyperbolic Structures on the Configuration Space of Six Points in the Projective Line

The oriented configuration space X⁺₆ of six points on the real projective line is a noncompact three-dimensional manifold which admits a unique complete hyperbolic structure of finite volume with ten cusps. On the other hand, it decomposes naturally into 120 cells each of which can be interpreted as the set of equiangular hexagons with unit area. Similar hyperbolic structures can be obtained by considering nonequiangular hexagons so that the standard hyperbolic structure on X⁺₆ is at the center of a five parameter family of hyperbolic structures of finite volume. This paper contributes to investigations of the properties of this family. In particular, we exhibit two real analytic maps from the set of prescribed angles of hexagons into R¹⁰ whose components are the traces of the monodromies at the ten cusps. We show that this map has maximal rank 5 at the center.     

On Copure Projective Modules and Copure Projective Dimensions

Let R be any ring. A right R-module M is called n-copure projective if Ext¹(M, N) = 0 for any right R-module N with fd(N) ≤ n, and M is said to be strongly copure projective if Ext ⁱ (M, F) = 0 for all flat right R-modules F and all i ≥ 1. In this article, firstly, we present some general properties of n-copure projective modules and strongly copure projective modules. Then we define and investigate copure projective dimensions of modules and rings. Finally, more properties and applications of n-copure projective modules, strongly copure projective modules and copure projective dimensions are given over coherent rings with finite self-FP-injective dimension.     

Homological Invariants and Quasi-Isometry

Building upon work of Y. Shalom we give a homological-algebra flavored definition of an induction map in group homology associated to a topological coupling. As an application we obtain that the cohomological dimension cd_R over a commutative ring R satisfies the inequality if Λ embeds uniformly into Γ and holds. Another consequence of our results is that the Hirsch ranks of quasi-isometric solvable groups coincide. Further, it is shown that the real cohomology rings of quasi-isometric nilpotent groups are isomorphic as graded rings. On the analytic side, we apply the induction technique to Novikov-Shubin invariants of amenable groups, which can be seen as homological invariants, and show their invariance under quasi-isometry. Received: November 2004 Revision: April 2004 Accepted: April 2004     

Invariants and Chebyshev polynomials

On different compact sets from ? ⁿ , new multidimensional analogs of algebraic polynomials least deviating from zero (Chebyshev polynomials) are constructed. A brief review of the analogs constructed earlier is given. Estimates of values of the best approximation obtained by using extremal signatures, lattices, and finite groups are presented.