大学物理实验中的创新设计方法及应用研究

大学物理实验运用原理应用设计法、联想类比设计法、改进设计法、变异设计法、组合设计法等创新设计方法。掌握这些方法可以提升大学生的创新设计能力,为后续课程的学习和将来的工作打下良好基础。     

混流泵叶轮奇点法水力设计

目前泵行业中,对离心泵和混流泵叶轮一般均采用一元理论设计方法,对轴流泵叶轮一般采用奇点法、升力法设计。对于高n_s的混流泵叶轮其流道形状及内部流动情况应当说更接近于轴流泵,但未见到用奇点法设计的先例,因此本文介绍的混流泵叶轮奇点法设计是一有意义的探索,当然也有待实践检验和完善。     

时间推进通流气动设计方法的探索和分析

本文在时间推进法与风扇气动设计相结合方面进行了探索,初步形成时间推进通流气动设计方法及相应设计程序。该方法根本上克服了流线曲率法不能解决混合型方程组的困难,能适用于超音来流风扇的气动设计。采用该方法对高负荷亚音来流风扇、超音通流风扇和超音来流风扇进行气动设计,证实了该方法相对流线曲率法具有很大的优越性。     

变换光学透镜天线研究进展

龙伯透镜天线是一种独特的渐变折射率透镜天线,但因为某些缺陷其应用受到限制。近年来,人们采用变换光学方法和超材料理论设计了许多以平板龙伯透镜为代表的新型透镜天线。本文对比总结了变换光学设计透镜的3种方法,即坐标变换法、保角变换法和准保角变换法;指出了准保角变换法由于设计灵活、可使用全介电材料制备而更具研究和应用前景;详细阐述了准保角变换法设计透镜的原理和步骤;介绍了国内外关于透镜变换和制备具有影响力的研究成果;指出了变换光学透镜天线今后的研究方向。     

宽带波束形成器的设计与实现

综述了宽带波束形成器的设计与实现问题,归纳出一种统一的窄带(子带)波束优化设计方法──多约束优化设计法,并推广为FIR宽带波束形成器统一优化设计法.阐述了频域DFT宽带波束形成器结构及其子带波束加权向量设计方法,以及时域FIR宽带波束形成器结构及其各通道FIR滤波器的设计方法,对几种具有代表性的方法的原理与性能进行了分析与比较.所归纳出的统一设计法将很多现有的波束设计法纳入统一框架体系,使之成为它的一个特例,可以满足多样化频域子带与时域宽带波束形成器设计的需求,提供灵活的波束设计准则,且设计精度高.子带与FIR宽带多约束统一设计法的优越性能在稳健旁瓣控制恒定主瓣响应自适应波束形成器设计问题中得到了充分的体现.     

二元微透镜的位相平衡设计及叠加积分衍射分析

本文用位相平衡设计法设计了优化的二元光学微透镜，这是对Ｄａｍｍａｎｎ阶梯波带片设计方法的一种改进。文中用叠加积分作了二元微透镜的衍射分析，并与Ｄａｍｍａｎｎ法作了比较，计算结果说明本方法的衍射效率及象质都优于Ｄａｍｍａｎｎ法。且能设计更大相对口径（Ｄ／ｆ）。具有任意物象距的二元微透镜。     

怎样使用象差自动校正程序进行光学设计

本文结合传统的光学设计方法,介绍了阻尼最小二乘法和适应法自动校正程序的原理和特点。着重说明用这两种程序进行光学设计的正确方法;说明自动校正程序在整个设计过程中的作用,以及设计人员应做的工作;分析了目前在使用象差自动校正程序过程中存在的问题。     

热敏电阻测温仪探讨

探讨采用伏安法及电桥法测量热敏电阻的温度特性,用非平衡电桥的原理设计热敏电阻测温仪。     

新视角审视补偿法测电阻电路

从欧姆定律、伏安法的视角审视各种补偿法测电阻电路,实际上各种补偿法测电阻电路都是和伏安法一样按欧姆定律方式设计的。实践表明按从消除伏安法测电阻电路系统误差逐步推演出完全补偿法的测电阻电路,再讲授补偿法的原理的思路设计教学,收到了很好的效果。     

折反式大口径三组元红外变焦距系统设计

分别论述了设计红外变焦距光学系统的曲线拟合法和解析法，并设计了大口径、三组元、机械补偿红外变焦距系统，系统的口径为500nm，系统焦距为750nm-3000mm。从计算结果看，设计的变焦距光学系统像面稳定，成像质量良好，接近或达到了衍射极限。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.